The document provides a summary of a summer internship project completed by Himanshu Garg at GAIL (India) Limited in Noida from June to August 2016. The project involved developing a website for GAIL's Project Planning and Control department. The document includes sections on introduction to GAIL, software requirements specification, software design specification, technologies used such as ASP.NET and Oracle database, results and observations, and future scope. It also includes certificates, acknowledgements, screenshots and source code in the appendices.
GAIL (India) Limited is India's largest natural gas company. It was established in 1984 and given responsibility for the Hazira-Vijaypur-Jagdishpur pipeline project. GAIL has since expanded to include natural gas transmission and distribution, LPG transmission, petrochemicals, city gas distribution, and electricity generation. The company aims to accelerate the effective and economic use of natural gas for India's economy through high quality infrastructure and services.
This document provides a summary of GAIL (India) Limited, including its vision, mission, objectives, and key business areas. It discusses GAIL's natural gas marketing and transmission activities through its extensive pipeline network. It also summarizes GAIL's involvement in other businesses like petrochemicals, liquefied natural gas, city gas distribution, power generation, and exploration and production. The document reviews GAIL's approach and methodology for analyzing its existing marketing practices and strategies. It provides an overview of GAIL's customers, contracts, and competition in the Indian natural gas market.
City gas distribution, rating methodology, may 2019manish84
The document provides an overview of ICRA's rating methodology for assessing the credit quality of city gas distribution companies in India. ICRA analyzes business risk drivers like the scale of operations and demand potential in a company's geographical area. Industry risk drivers include gas price and availability risk and regulatory risks. Financial risk drivers include profitability, leverage, and cash flows. ICRA evaluates these factors and the management quality to determine a company's credit rating. The methodology remains materially similar to ICRA's prior approach, with some minor modifications.
City gas distribution (CGD) involves supplying natural gas to retail customers through pipelines and compressed natural gas stations. CGD began in India in 1880 but expanded significantly after 1998 when the Supreme Court mandated converting Delhi vehicles to CNG. The Petroleum and Natural Gas Regulatory Board regulates CGD and authorizes operators but was ruled to not have power until section 16 of its act was notified in 2010. CGD has now spread to several states and over 300 geographical areas present opportunities for investment in gas infrastructure.
One Government Officer due to his excessive greed can disrupt and throw your investments to dogs on his whims & fancies. Your Millions of Dollars can be lost in just a moment. It's not worth doing business with Municipal Corporations in India.
Demand Analysis And Selection Of City For Cgd Network Establishment On Propos...Subodh Maithani
This document analyzes the demand for and selection of cities for establishing a natural gas distribution network along a proposed pipeline from Dadri to Panipat. It provides background on natural gas as a fuel, describing its sources and supply in India. It discusses city gas distribution networks and outlines Indian Oil Corporation's interest in establishing such networks. The document assesses potential demand for natural gas in various districts of Haryana and Uttar Pradesh along the proposed pipeline route. Regulations for establishing gas networks are also reviewed before conclusions are drawn about selecting the most suitable city.
Domestic natural gas discoveries and LNG imports are driving expansion of India's city gas distribution (CGD) infrastructure. Many pipeline and LNG terminal projects are planned over the next 5-10 years to connect new demand centers and sources of supply. However, securing sufficient gas supplies remains a challenge for the CGD sector. Recent bidding rounds showed variation in network tariffs and expansion targets bid by companies, raising questions about regulatory policies. Stakeholders have concerns around gas availability, pricing reforms, and the pace of infrastructure development that will need to be addressed for the long-term growth of India's CGD sector.
GAIL (India) Limited is India's largest natural gas company. It was established in 1984 and given responsibility for the Hazira-Vijaypur-Jagdishpur pipeline project. GAIL has since expanded to include natural gas transmission and distribution, LPG transmission, petrochemicals, city gas distribution, and electricity generation. The company aims to accelerate the effective and economic use of natural gas for India's economy through high quality infrastructure and services.
This document provides a summary of GAIL (India) Limited, including its vision, mission, objectives, and key business areas. It discusses GAIL's natural gas marketing and transmission activities through its extensive pipeline network. It also summarizes GAIL's involvement in other businesses like petrochemicals, liquefied natural gas, city gas distribution, power generation, and exploration and production. The document reviews GAIL's approach and methodology for analyzing its existing marketing practices and strategies. It provides an overview of GAIL's customers, contracts, and competition in the Indian natural gas market.
City gas distribution, rating methodology, may 2019manish84
The document provides an overview of ICRA's rating methodology for assessing the credit quality of city gas distribution companies in India. ICRA analyzes business risk drivers like the scale of operations and demand potential in a company's geographical area. Industry risk drivers include gas price and availability risk and regulatory risks. Financial risk drivers include profitability, leverage, and cash flows. ICRA evaluates these factors and the management quality to determine a company's credit rating. The methodology remains materially similar to ICRA's prior approach, with some minor modifications.
City gas distribution (CGD) involves supplying natural gas to retail customers through pipelines and compressed natural gas stations. CGD began in India in 1880 but expanded significantly after 1998 when the Supreme Court mandated converting Delhi vehicles to CNG. The Petroleum and Natural Gas Regulatory Board regulates CGD and authorizes operators but was ruled to not have power until section 16 of its act was notified in 2010. CGD has now spread to several states and over 300 geographical areas present opportunities for investment in gas infrastructure.
One Government Officer due to his excessive greed can disrupt and throw your investments to dogs on his whims & fancies. Your Millions of Dollars can be lost in just a moment. It's not worth doing business with Municipal Corporations in India.
Demand Analysis And Selection Of City For Cgd Network Establishment On Propos...Subodh Maithani
This document analyzes the demand for and selection of cities for establishing a natural gas distribution network along a proposed pipeline from Dadri to Panipat. It provides background on natural gas as a fuel, describing its sources and supply in India. It discusses city gas distribution networks and outlines Indian Oil Corporation's interest in establishing such networks. The document assesses potential demand for natural gas in various districts of Haryana and Uttar Pradesh along the proposed pipeline route. Regulations for establishing gas networks are also reviewed before conclusions are drawn about selecting the most suitable city.
Domestic natural gas discoveries and LNG imports are driving expansion of India's city gas distribution (CGD) infrastructure. Many pipeline and LNG terminal projects are planned over the next 5-10 years to connect new demand centers and sources of supply. However, securing sufficient gas supplies remains a challenge for the CGD sector. Recent bidding rounds showed variation in network tariffs and expansion targets bid by companies, raising questions about regulatory policies. Stakeholders have concerns around gas availability, pricing reforms, and the pace of infrastructure development that will need to be addressed for the long-term growth of India's CGD sector.
The document discusses sustainability initiatives in the courier and logistics industry. It notes that 253 million tonnes of packaging is used annually, half of which is paper and plastic. It also discusses the large carbon emissions from trucks in Europe. Various companies like FedEx, DHL, Mahindra Logistics, and Gati are highlighted as taking steps to reduce their environmental impact through fleet optimization, use of renewable energy, electric vehicles, reducing packaging, and other measures. Government regulations are also noted as drivers for companies to improve sustainability.
bajaj two wheeler manufacturing plan electricalShiva Kumar HM
This project aims to launch 1,200 electric three-wheelers in major cities across India to replace fossil fuel vehicles. The electric vehicles will reduce local air pollution, health impacts, and greenhouse gas emissions. The project seeks to make electric three-wheelers cost competitive with internal combustion engine vehicles through large-scale production. It will support the electric vehicle industry in India by establishing manufacturing infrastructure and training customers, drivers and maintenance personnel. The project is coordinated by the UNDP and supports India's national priorities to promote sustainable transport and reduce emissions from the transportation sector.
The document summarizes various energy news articles from India. It discusses the Marginal Fields Policy that will shift risks to oil and gas developers. It also mentions plans to build 11 hydropower projects in Arunachal Pradesh totaling 2,700 MW capacity. Additionally, it outlines the inauguration of a 100 kW solar power plant in Tamil Nadu and details about ABB installing 2 GW of solar inverters in India.
The Future of Hydrogen & RNG in Canada, Part 2: The Role of Utilities in Acce...Pembina Institute
This document summarizes a webinar presented by the Pembina Institute on the future of hydrogen and renewable natural gas (RNG) in Canada. It includes presentations from representatives of utilities in British Columbia, Quebec, and Ontario discussing their roles in accelerating the adoption of hydrogen and RNG. The speakers outline their companies' initiatives related to developing renewable gas supply, innovation funding, and overcoming barriers to the integration of hydrogen and RNG into natural gas distribution systems.
The document discusses the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) and provides details about a case study of the SKG Sangha Biodigester programme in India. The key points are:
1) SKG Sangha is a non-profit organization that has installed over 43,000 biodigesters in Karnataka, India to provide renewable energy to rural households.
2) The biodigesters generate biogas by digesting cow dung, replacing fuelwood and kerosene for cooking. They also produce fertilizer which increases household incomes.
3) Each biodigester saves about 4 tons of CO2 emissions annually by avoiding fuelwood use. The program has significantly improved local environments
The Future of Hydrogen & RNG in Canada, Part 1: The Potential of Hydrogen & R...Pembina Institute
The webinar discussed the potential for hydrogen and renewable natural gas (RNG) to decarbonize Canada's energy systems. It covered hydrogen and RNG production methods, costs, applications, and environmental benefits. Canada has natural advantages in its resources that could enable hydrogen production. RNG can be developed from organic waste and offers greenhouse gas reductions. Challenges to developing hydrogen and RNG industries include high capital costs, limited markets and incentives, and regulatory approval processes.
T&D India (March 2017): Privatization not a cure-all, but still worth pursuingT&D India
In the entire power value chain, it is power distribution that has most singularities. While power generation and transmission are largely institution-related businesses, it is power distribution that interfaces with the end-consumer. All the commercial losses that are talked about in the power sector originate in power distribution. Even Smart Grid architecture has a bearing on power distribution, much more than power generation or transmission.
This document provides an overview of India's Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission (JNNSM). It discusses the background and objectives of the mission to promote solar energy development in India. The mission has adopted a 3-phase approach, with Phase 1 targets achieved. Phase 2 targets 10 GW of grid-connected solar capacity by 2017 through various support schemes like viability gap funding. The document analyzes the progress and challenges of Phase 1 and discusses strategies for Phase 2 implementation, including the use of viability gap funding to support projects.
The Odisha government plans to invest INR 887 crore to renovate three major hydel projects in the state. The Gujarat government has laid the foundation for an 800 MW coal-based thermal power plant in Kheda district at a cost of INR 4,465 crore. The central government will introduce transparent LPG cylinders costing between INR 2,500 to 3,000 to ensure accurate fuel quantity delivery.
Experience of implementing the Joint Crediting Mechanism (JCM) and way forwar...OECD Environment
The document discusses Japan's Joint Crediting Mechanism (JCM) and provides examples of its implementation and expansion in partner countries. The JCM was established to facilitate the diffusion of low-carbon technologies from Japan to developing countries, with appropriate evaluation of Japan's contributions to GHG reductions. It has been established with 17 countries as of May 2019. Examples shown include the expansion of high-efficiency transformers from Vietnam to Laos, LED street lighting projects in Cambodia, introduction of efficient water pumps in Vietnam, and micro-hydro and biomass power generation projects in the Philippines through JCM model projects.
- P. Ashok Kumar has over 9 years of experience in energy audits, climate change projects, renewable energy projects and greenhouse gas audits of steel plants.
- He has experience preparing detailed project reports for solar PV projects and proposals/tenders.
- He is a certified energy auditor from the Bureau of Energy Efficiency in India and a lead verifier for Clean Development Mechanism projects.
- He has a M.Tech in Energy Systems and has worked on various energy efficiency and renewable energy projects for organizations in India.
This document discusses the potential for carbon capture and storage (CCS) and enhanced oil recovery (EOR) projects in Asia. It presents a case study of a proposed synthetic natural gas (SNG) project in Indonesia that would use low-rank coal gasification and CCS/EOR. The key points are:
1) CCS/EOR demonstration projects are seen as important for introducing commercial clean coal projects to Asia.
2) The proposed Indonesia SNG project was found commercially feasible, but requires a CO2 off-take scheme such as EOR.
3) An EOR demonstration project in Indonesia should be developed in parallel with the commercial SNG project to prove CO2 injection can increase
The Implementation of the Market Based Mechanism in Indonesia, a JCM Case StudyDicky Edwin Hindarto
To reduce the GHG emission, Indonesia need to develop market based mechanism. This presentation describe the opportunities to develop a market based mechanism activities in Indonesia, particularly using JCM scheme, a bilateral market based mechanism between Indonesia and Japan.
This document provides a case study on Tata Power's efforts to increase the sustainable use of bottom ash, a byproduct of coal combustion. It details the quality circle team's application of the PDCA (Plan-Do-Check-Act) process to address the problem of disposing 625 metric tons of bottom ash per month. Through root cause analysis, trials, and regular implementation, the team developed a solution to incorporate bottom ash into bricks, reducing monthly disposal to 300 metric tons. Tangible benefits included savings of over Rs. 4 lakhs in transportation costs and Rs. 18 lakhs in natural sand costs. Future plans aim to further reduce disposal and deploy the approach across Tata Power.
T&D India (December 2017) - Focus Solar IndiaT&D India
Sun is shining on India's solar programme - When India embarked on its National Solar Mission in around 2010, during the then UPA regime, it envisaged grid-connected solar capacity of 20 GW by 2020. When the current NDA government came into power in 2014, this target was increased manifold - to 100 GW by 2020.
In this presentation I want to share the importance to reduce the GHG emission in aviation sector and how to utilize the carbon credits from market based mechanism projects
The document provides an executive summary of renewable energy in India. It discusses India's ambitious targets to achieve 175 GW of renewable energy capacity by 2022. It highlights that India added a record 11 GW of wind and solar capacity in 2016-17 and is expected to overachieve its Paris Agreement goals. Renewable sources are also expected to help meet 40% of India's power needs by 2030. The renewable energy sector in India has seen increasing investments and is an attractive sector for investors due to the ample government push and improving economics.
The document summarizes India's renewable energy sector. It states that India has set ambitious targets of achieving 175 GW of renewable energy capacity by 2022, including 100 GW of solar capacity and 60 GW of wind power capacity. Solar capacity addition is expected to outpace other sources and reach 100 GW by 2022. The renewable energy sector in India has seen immense growth and is attracting significant investments due to the government's push for clean energy and falling costs.
The Joint Crediting Mechanism (JCM) MRV and methodology development in indonesiaDicky Edwin Hindarto
The Joint Crediting Mechanism (JCM) is a bilateral mechanism between Japan and its partner/implementing countries. Indonesia as a JCM implementing country develop some methodologies to be a technical instrument for JCM implementation.
The document provides an overview of the roads sector in India. Some key points:
- India has the second largest road network in the world spanning over 5.23 million kilometres. National highways account for 1.9% of total roads.
- The government has increased budget allocation to USD14.5 billion in FY16-17 and is focusing on expanding national highways through public-private partnerships. 149 PPP road projects were under construction as of August 2015.
- Private sector participation is growing with an expected USD31 billion investment through PPP models by 2020. Various states and central government initiatives like SARDP-NE and the LWE program are also expanding road connectivity.
Lone Star Investments presenta una oportunidad de inversión en bienes raíces, ofreciendo la posibilidad de obtener ganancias a través de la compra y venta de propiedades.
The document discusses sustainability initiatives in the courier and logistics industry. It notes that 253 million tonnes of packaging is used annually, half of which is paper and plastic. It also discusses the large carbon emissions from trucks in Europe. Various companies like FedEx, DHL, Mahindra Logistics, and Gati are highlighted as taking steps to reduce their environmental impact through fleet optimization, use of renewable energy, electric vehicles, reducing packaging, and other measures. Government regulations are also noted as drivers for companies to improve sustainability.
bajaj two wheeler manufacturing plan electricalShiva Kumar HM
This project aims to launch 1,200 electric three-wheelers in major cities across India to replace fossil fuel vehicles. The electric vehicles will reduce local air pollution, health impacts, and greenhouse gas emissions. The project seeks to make electric three-wheelers cost competitive with internal combustion engine vehicles through large-scale production. It will support the electric vehicle industry in India by establishing manufacturing infrastructure and training customers, drivers and maintenance personnel. The project is coordinated by the UNDP and supports India's national priorities to promote sustainable transport and reduce emissions from the transportation sector.
The document summarizes various energy news articles from India. It discusses the Marginal Fields Policy that will shift risks to oil and gas developers. It also mentions plans to build 11 hydropower projects in Arunachal Pradesh totaling 2,700 MW capacity. Additionally, it outlines the inauguration of a 100 kW solar power plant in Tamil Nadu and details about ABB installing 2 GW of solar inverters in India.
The Future of Hydrogen & RNG in Canada, Part 2: The Role of Utilities in Acce...Pembina Institute
This document summarizes a webinar presented by the Pembina Institute on the future of hydrogen and renewable natural gas (RNG) in Canada. It includes presentations from representatives of utilities in British Columbia, Quebec, and Ontario discussing their roles in accelerating the adoption of hydrogen and RNG. The speakers outline their companies' initiatives related to developing renewable gas supply, innovation funding, and overcoming barriers to the integration of hydrogen and RNG into natural gas distribution systems.
The document discusses the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) and provides details about a case study of the SKG Sangha Biodigester programme in India. The key points are:
1) SKG Sangha is a non-profit organization that has installed over 43,000 biodigesters in Karnataka, India to provide renewable energy to rural households.
2) The biodigesters generate biogas by digesting cow dung, replacing fuelwood and kerosene for cooking. They also produce fertilizer which increases household incomes.
3) Each biodigester saves about 4 tons of CO2 emissions annually by avoiding fuelwood use. The program has significantly improved local environments
The Future of Hydrogen & RNG in Canada, Part 1: The Potential of Hydrogen & R...Pembina Institute
The webinar discussed the potential for hydrogen and renewable natural gas (RNG) to decarbonize Canada's energy systems. It covered hydrogen and RNG production methods, costs, applications, and environmental benefits. Canada has natural advantages in its resources that could enable hydrogen production. RNG can be developed from organic waste and offers greenhouse gas reductions. Challenges to developing hydrogen and RNG industries include high capital costs, limited markets and incentives, and regulatory approval processes.
T&D India (March 2017): Privatization not a cure-all, but still worth pursuingT&D India
In the entire power value chain, it is power distribution that has most singularities. While power generation and transmission are largely institution-related businesses, it is power distribution that interfaces with the end-consumer. All the commercial losses that are talked about in the power sector originate in power distribution. Even Smart Grid architecture has a bearing on power distribution, much more than power generation or transmission.
This document provides an overview of India's Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission (JNNSM). It discusses the background and objectives of the mission to promote solar energy development in India. The mission has adopted a 3-phase approach, with Phase 1 targets achieved. Phase 2 targets 10 GW of grid-connected solar capacity by 2017 through various support schemes like viability gap funding. The document analyzes the progress and challenges of Phase 1 and discusses strategies for Phase 2 implementation, including the use of viability gap funding to support projects.
The Odisha government plans to invest INR 887 crore to renovate three major hydel projects in the state. The Gujarat government has laid the foundation for an 800 MW coal-based thermal power plant in Kheda district at a cost of INR 4,465 crore. The central government will introduce transparent LPG cylinders costing between INR 2,500 to 3,000 to ensure accurate fuel quantity delivery.
Experience of implementing the Joint Crediting Mechanism (JCM) and way forwar...OECD Environment
The document discusses Japan's Joint Crediting Mechanism (JCM) and provides examples of its implementation and expansion in partner countries. The JCM was established to facilitate the diffusion of low-carbon technologies from Japan to developing countries, with appropriate evaluation of Japan's contributions to GHG reductions. It has been established with 17 countries as of May 2019. Examples shown include the expansion of high-efficiency transformers from Vietnam to Laos, LED street lighting projects in Cambodia, introduction of efficient water pumps in Vietnam, and micro-hydro and biomass power generation projects in the Philippines through JCM model projects.
- P. Ashok Kumar has over 9 years of experience in energy audits, climate change projects, renewable energy projects and greenhouse gas audits of steel plants.
- He has experience preparing detailed project reports for solar PV projects and proposals/tenders.
- He is a certified energy auditor from the Bureau of Energy Efficiency in India and a lead verifier for Clean Development Mechanism projects.
- He has a M.Tech in Energy Systems and has worked on various energy efficiency and renewable energy projects for organizations in India.
This document discusses the potential for carbon capture and storage (CCS) and enhanced oil recovery (EOR) projects in Asia. It presents a case study of a proposed synthetic natural gas (SNG) project in Indonesia that would use low-rank coal gasification and CCS/EOR. The key points are:
1) CCS/EOR demonstration projects are seen as important for introducing commercial clean coal projects to Asia.
2) The proposed Indonesia SNG project was found commercially feasible, but requires a CO2 off-take scheme such as EOR.
3) An EOR demonstration project in Indonesia should be developed in parallel with the commercial SNG project to prove CO2 injection can increase
The Implementation of the Market Based Mechanism in Indonesia, a JCM Case StudyDicky Edwin Hindarto
To reduce the GHG emission, Indonesia need to develop market based mechanism. This presentation describe the opportunities to develop a market based mechanism activities in Indonesia, particularly using JCM scheme, a bilateral market based mechanism between Indonesia and Japan.
This document provides a case study on Tata Power's efforts to increase the sustainable use of bottom ash, a byproduct of coal combustion. It details the quality circle team's application of the PDCA (Plan-Do-Check-Act) process to address the problem of disposing 625 metric tons of bottom ash per month. Through root cause analysis, trials, and regular implementation, the team developed a solution to incorporate bottom ash into bricks, reducing monthly disposal to 300 metric tons. Tangible benefits included savings of over Rs. 4 lakhs in transportation costs and Rs. 18 lakhs in natural sand costs. Future plans aim to further reduce disposal and deploy the approach across Tata Power.
T&D India (December 2017) - Focus Solar IndiaT&D India
Sun is shining on India's solar programme - When India embarked on its National Solar Mission in around 2010, during the then UPA regime, it envisaged grid-connected solar capacity of 20 GW by 2020. When the current NDA government came into power in 2014, this target was increased manifold - to 100 GW by 2020.
In this presentation I want to share the importance to reduce the GHG emission in aviation sector and how to utilize the carbon credits from market based mechanism projects
The document provides an executive summary of renewable energy in India. It discusses India's ambitious targets to achieve 175 GW of renewable energy capacity by 2022. It highlights that India added a record 11 GW of wind and solar capacity in 2016-17 and is expected to overachieve its Paris Agreement goals. Renewable sources are also expected to help meet 40% of India's power needs by 2030. The renewable energy sector in India has seen increasing investments and is an attractive sector for investors due to the ample government push and improving economics.
The document summarizes India's renewable energy sector. It states that India has set ambitious targets of achieving 175 GW of renewable energy capacity by 2022, including 100 GW of solar capacity and 60 GW of wind power capacity. Solar capacity addition is expected to outpace other sources and reach 100 GW by 2022. The renewable energy sector in India has seen immense growth and is attracting significant investments due to the government's push for clean energy and falling costs.
The Joint Crediting Mechanism (JCM) MRV and methodology development in indonesiaDicky Edwin Hindarto
The Joint Crediting Mechanism (JCM) is a bilateral mechanism between Japan and its partner/implementing countries. Indonesia as a JCM implementing country develop some methodologies to be a technical instrument for JCM implementation.
The document provides an overview of the roads sector in India. Some key points:
- India has the second largest road network in the world spanning over 5.23 million kilometres. National highways account for 1.9% of total roads.
- The government has increased budget allocation to USD14.5 billion in FY16-17 and is focusing on expanding national highways through public-private partnerships. 149 PPP road projects were under construction as of August 2015.
- Private sector participation is growing with an expected USD31 billion investment through PPP models by 2020. Various states and central government initiatives like SARDP-NE and the LWE program are also expanding road connectivity.
Lone Star Investments presenta una oportunidad de inversión en bienes raíces, ofreciendo la posibilidad de obtener ganancias a través de la compra y venta de propiedades.
Este documento propone utilizar el reciclaje como una herramienta en las clases de educación física para transmitir conciencia ambiental y social e impulsar la creatividad de los estudiantes. Se enfoca en dos ejes: el reciclaje y su importancia para el medio ambiente, y la innovación de los estudiantes a través de la educación física. Propone colaborar con la comunidad escolar para clasificar residuos, educar sobre el ambiente y desarrollar herramientas de juego reciclables que promuevan el cuidado ambient
Modelling the Adsorption of Fibrinogen and its Changes of Orientation Due to ...Elizabeth Mott
- The document models the adsorption of fibrinogen proteins onto a hydrophobic surface. It considers the two orientations - side-on and end-on - that fibrinogen can bind in.
- The model describes the adsorption as a series of reactions using ordinary differential equations. It takes into account the initial binding, unbinding, and rearrangement between the two orientations.
- The model is nondimensionalized to reduce the number of parameters and make it dimensionless. This allows the adsorption profiles from the model to be compared to experimental data on fibrinogen adsorption.
Looking Forward to the 2017-18 Legislative SessionAllyson Brunette
League of Wisconsin Municipalities' Executive Director Jerry Deschane offers a legislative update for attendees at the Wisconsin Downtown Summit in La Crosse, WI.
You Only Get One Chance Unforgettable First Impression eBook Chapters 1 and 2...Katey Bailin
You Only Get One Chance: Your Ultimate Guide to Craft a Powerful First Impression and be Truly Unforgettable to Everyone You Meet. Sneak peak at Chapters 1 and 2.
Alex and Katey Bailin
Los seres vivos incluyen plantas, animales y humanos que pueden crecer, reproducirse, respirar, moverse y responder a estímulos, mientras que los seres no vivos como las rocas, el agua y los objetos hechos por el hombre no pueden hacer estas cosas porque carecen de vida.
Native Advertising - Playbook 2 - IAB US 2016SCREENVIEW
Native has become a hot topic in the advertising marketplace, but for the practice to flourish further, it needs consensus on definitions and structure. In response, IAB and its Native Advertising Task Force released the “IAB Native Advertising Playbook.” This paper provides the industry with a framework for thinking about and discussing current native advertising options with the goal of eliminating marketplace confusion and thereby helping sellers sell and buyers buy. Importantly, it also provides Recommended Industry Guidance for Advertising Disclosure and Transparency for ad units most often described as ‘native.’
O documento descreve a história do anarquismo e do movimento sindical. O anarquismo surgiu como movimento contemporâneo ao socialismo de Marx e Engels, tendo como primeiros ideólogos William Godwin e Pierre-Joseph Proudhon. Os sindicatos desempenharam importante papel na difusão das ideias anarquistas entre trabalhadores no fim do século XIX e início do XX.
Presentasi ini membahas sistem pemerintahan di berbagai negara. Terdapat dua jenis utama sistem pemerintahan yaitu parlementer dan presidensial, dan beberapa bentuk pemerintahan lain seperti aristokrasi, demokrasi, monarki, dan oligarki. Tujuan pemerintahan umumnya mencakup kesejahteraan rakyat dan ketertiban dunia.
O documento descreve a história das Tecnologias da Informação e Comunicação (TICs) dividida em duas fases: a primeira engloba as tecnologias analógicas de comunicação em massa, enquanto a segunda compreende as técnicas digitais, convergentes e customizadas. As TICs evoluíram da mecanização para a digitalização, permitindo novas formas de armazenamento, processamento e distribuição de dados.
This document provides an overview of a project conducted at GAIL (India) Limited's LPG plant in Lakwa to enhance LPG recovery. The project involved designing a heat exchanger to decrease the temperature of the feed gas using lean gas, which would increase the amount of LPG recovered. The document includes details about the LPG manufacturing process at the plant, a process flow diagram, product quality control measures, fire safety systems, and a description of the heat exchanger design project including the methodology, cost-benefit analysis, and results.
GAIL (India) Limited is India's largest natural gas processing and distribution company, headquartered in New Delhi. It operates over 11,000 km of natural gas pipelines across India. GAIL was established in 1984 and built India's first cross-country natural gas pipeline. It has expanded its operations to include petrochemical production, city gas distribution, and exploration and production. GAIL's infrastructure includes major pipelines, gas processing plants, and a telecommunications network. It supplies gas to power plants, fertilizer plants, and various industries.
This project report summarizes a survey conducted of the canteen at GAIL (India) Limited in Vaghodia. The report includes an introduction to GAIL, details about the Vaghodia location, and an overview of the canteen survey process. A questionnaire was developed and distributed to gather feedback, and the responses were analyzed. Based on the analysis, several steps for improving the canteen were identified.
GAIL India Ltd is India's largest natural gas company, owning and operating over 7,000 km of pipelines. It transmits over 78% of India's natural gas and markets over 70%. The document outlines GAIL's objectives, operations including pipeline infrastructure, products, and role in India's economy. It also discusses GAIL's competitors, strengths in market share, opportunities in new pipelines and customers, and threats from other companies. The conclusion reaffirms GAIL's leadership in India's natural gas market and focus on growth while maintaining standards.
India Towards Hydrogen Economy | National Hydrogen MissionHarsha kumar Bokka
The Future of Hydrogen in India (2021). The idea of the National Hydrogen Mission was first mooted in the Budget 2021 putting an effort to tap green energy sources for manufacturing hydrogen. India has already set a target of achieving 450 GW of renewable energy by 2030.
This document summarizes a graduate report on domestic gas infrastructure in India and the state of Gujarat. It provides background on natural gas, including its forms and uses. It then discusses India's oil and gas history and infrastructure, noting its growing demand and reliance on LNG imports. Gujarat is a leader in gas consumption and infrastructure in India, with the largest number of CNG stations. City gas distribution networks deliver gas to homes, businesses and vehicles through pipelines and compressor stations. Challenges include expanding pipeline networks to meet increasing demand.
Green Hydrogen Industry In India: An Overviewthinkwithniche
Within the next 30 years, India aims to decarbonize. The government of India has made deliberate decisions to cut back on expensive imports and reduce its dependency on fossil fuels. The goal of our nation to reach 175 GW of renewable energy capacity by 2022 has been significantly boosted by new policies. India is currently concentrating on the research and production of green hydrogen as an energy source as part of these efforts.
The document discusses hydrogen development strategies and targets for China and India. It provides the following key details:
- China aims to have 40,000 fuel cell vehicles, 10,000 hydrogen buses/trucks, and over 300 refueling stations by 2025. Major government investment is planned for hydrogen through 2023.
- India recently launched a National Hydrogen Mission to become a global green hydrogen hub by 2025. Several pilot projects for hydrogen mobility and electrolyzers are underway through partnerships with other countries.
- The Asia-Pacific region accounts for half of global industrial hydrogen demand, with China alone consuming 17 million tonnes for ammonia and methanol. China aims to increase renewable hydrogen production to meet growing
The switchyard at GAIL Pata receives two 220kV incoming feeds from the NTPC Auraiya substation which are stepped down to 33kV by two 40MVA transformers. The 220kV side uses SF6 circuit breakers while the 33kV side uses vacuum circuit breakers. The 33kV power is fed to the main substation (SS#1) which has four sections of 33kV busbars connected in parallel. A 15.6MW steam turbine generator is connected to bus section 2 and a 25.5MW steam turbine generator is connected to bus section 3 to provide power to the plant.
GAIL (India) Ltd is India's largest state-owned natural gas processing and distribution company. It was established in 1984 as a Central Public Sector Undertaking. GAIL engages in several business segments including natural gas, LPG transmission, petrochemicals, city gas distribution and more. In 2013, GAIL was conferred with Maharatna status, providing it greater financial and operational autonomy. It is a pioneer in India's city gas distribution business and aims to achieve excellence across its diverse energy businesses.
Dissertation Report On BPCL (Bharat Petroleum)AkashNirmal9
Bharat Petroleum Corporation Limited (BPCL) is an Indian government-owned oil and gas company headquartered in Mumbai. It operates two large refineries in Kochi and Mumbai with a total refining capacity of over 28 million metric tons per year. BPCL also owns and operates a network of pipelines that transport crude oil and refined petroleum products across India. It has a significant retail and marketing presence through its network of over 6,500 fuel stations and over 1,000 LPG distributors nationwide. BPCL provides a variety of petroleum products including fuels, lubricants and other petrochemicals to both industrial and retail customers.
The document discusses India's oil and gas industry. It covers key topics like market size, investments, government initiatives, future outlook, and challenges. Some of the main points are:
- India's oil and gas sector plays a major role in the economy and energy demand is projected to double by 2040. The government allows 100% FDI and various policies to boost investment.
- Major players make large investments to increase capacity and diversify into renewable energy. The government aims to boost domestic production, expand infrastructure, and provide more LPG connections.
- India's energy demand is expected to grow rapidly due to economic growth. Oil consumption could reach 10 million barrels per day by 2030 and natural gas use
The document summarizes discussions from an energy sector conference held by the Confederation of Indian Industry (CII). It includes quotes from key government officials outlining ambitious targets and investments for India's energy sector over the next 5-10 years. Piyush Goyal, Minister for Coal, Power and Renewable Energy, expects $250 billion in investments in the power sector and targets of 150% growth in coal production and renewable energy growing 5 times. Nitin Gadkari, Minister for Transportation, promotes biofuels as socioeconomic change agents that can address issues like farmer suicides and diversify agriculture. Other speakers discuss increasing domestic energy sources like coal and biofuels to reduce imports and ensure energy security.
Vibrant Gujarat - Large Project investment Opportunities in Gujarat - ProfileVibrant Gujarat
The Government of Gujarat through its nodal agency, GIDB, is planning to develop an eco-city/smart community.
GIFT is conceptualized as the first Financial Services Special Economic zone to be developed as a global financial hub. With its strategic location, state of the art infrastructure, green and intelligent buildings it is poised to become a globally benchmarked International Finance Centre providing exciting opportunities for financial services and IT/ITeS companies.
The document discusses GAIL (India) Limited, the largest gas transmission company in India. It provides an overview of GAIL, including its history, business portfolio, vision, mission and key pipeline projects. Some highlights include:
- GAIL was established in 1984 and owns over 7,770 km of natural gas pipelines across India.
- Its business portfolio spans natural gas transmission, LPG production and transportation, petrochemicals, telecom services, city gas distribution and oil/gas exploration.
- Key pipeline projects underway include the Dahej-Uran, Dabhol-Panvel and Jagoti-Pithampur pipelines worth Rs. 3,250 crores.
Privatization has been ongoing in India since the early 1990s across multiple sectors. The document discusses privatization that has occurred and is planned in the coal, telecom, airport, energy and banking industries. Recent moves by Prime Minister Modi's government include allowing private companies to mine and sell coal, overhauling labor laws to reduce red tape for businesses, and planning to sell stakes in public sector companies to meet increased disinvestment targets and improve efficiency. However, fully privatizing some major industries like coal remains uncertain.
New base 24 august energy news issue 1065 by khaled al awadiKhaled Al Awadi
NewBase August 24 - 2017 - Issue No. 1065 Senior Editor Eng. Khaled Al Awadi
Regards.
Khaled Malallah Al Awadi,
Energy Consultant
MS & BS Mechanical Engineering (HON), USA
Emarat member since 1990
ASME member since 1995
Hawk Energy member 2010
Mobile: +97150-4822502
khdmohd@hawkenergy.net
khdmohd@hotmail.com
New base 24 august energy news issue 1065 by khaled al awadi
report_HimanshuGarg
1. SUMMER INTERNSHIP PROJECT
ON
GAIL Planning and Control
at GAIL JUBILEE TOWER, Sector 1,
NOIDA
SUBMITTED BY:
HIMANSHU GARG
COMPUTER SCIENCE ENGINEERING
JAYPEE INSTITUTE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
Sector 62, Noida
2. CERTIFICATE
This to certify that Mr. Himanshu Garg of Jaypee Institute of
Information Technology, Sector 62, Noida (Declared Deemed To
Be University Under Section 3 of UGC Act) has done his summer
internship project from 09th of June till 01st of August 2016 in GAIL
info hub in Noida. He completed his project under Computer
Science department. The same is hereby approved.
Manojit Saha
Chief Manager (BIS)
GAIL (INDIA) Ltd., Info hub
3. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
I gratefully acknowledge the valuable contribution of the
individuals and the organization GAIL INDIA LTD, which helped me
to complete my project.
I am thankful to Mr. Manojit Saha and Mr. Sumeet Kureel for
supporting me to do the project and providing useful information
for the project.
The acknowledgements are also due to the staff members who
gave their full contribution in making me understand the things,
and encouraged to do the project.
People and atmosphere in GAIL is very co-operative.
Himanshu Garg
(CSE-13103432)
4. Contents
Chapter Page No.
Title Page i
Certificate ii
Acknowledgement iii
List of Figures vi
Abstract vii
1. Introduction 1
1.1 Intro to GAIL
1.2 Web 2.0 Harnessing Web
For providing Services
1.3 Services: Understanding Context
1.3.1
1.3.2
1.3.3
1.4 Technology: Understanding Usage
2. Software Requirement Specification
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Purpose
2.3 Scope
2.4 Overview
2.4.1 Overall Description
2.4.2 User Characteristics
2.4.3 General Constraints
2.5 Performance Requirements
2.6 Tracking Data Flow
6. Abstract
The Website that is the GAIL Project Planning and Control
Project aims to provide a holistic and complete environment
that provides tailor made solutions for the Gail IT department
as well as the fellow members.
The service that this site intends to provide a platform for
projects that are deployed from Noida and to serve the needs
of the employees for both the purposes of relaying internal as
well as external information i.e. Information intended for
employees of GAIL. Also the aim is to take the whole
interaction between the Noida and other branches of GAIL.
The aim is to use the power of Web 2.0 to provide a bouquet
of services that can improve the interactions between the
company authorities and branches of GAIL.
8. INTRODUCTION
The GAIL (India) Limited, formally known as “Gas Authority of India Limited” was
founded on 16th August, 1984 to create gas sector infrastructure for sustained
development of the natural gas sector in the country. In the year 2009 GAIL has
completed its 25 glorious years of service to the nation.
The 2800 km Hazira-Vijaipur-Jagdishpur (HVJ) pipeline becomes operational in
1991. During 1991-93, three LPG plants were constructed and some regional
pipeline acquired, enabling GAIL to begin its regional gas distribution in various
parts of India.
GAIL began its city gas distribution in Delhi in 1997 by setting up nine CNG
stations, catering to the city’s vast public transport fleet.
In 1999, GAIL set up northern India’s only petrochemical plant at pata.
GAIL became the first infrastructure provider category II licensee and signed the
country’s first service level agreement for leasing bandwidth in the Delhi-Vijaypur
sector in 2001, through its Telecom business GAILTEL. In 2001 GAIL
commissioned world’s longest and India’s first cross country LPG transmission
pipeline from Jamnagar to Loni.
GAIL today has reached new milestones with its strategic diversification into
petrochemicals, telecom and liquid hydrocarbons besides gas infrastructure. The
company has also extended its presence in power, Liquefied Natural Gas
regasification, city gas distribution and exploration & production through equity
and joint ventures participation. Incorporating the new found energy into its
corporate identity, Gas authority of India was renamed GAIL (India) Limited on
22November 2002.
Since 1984, GAIL has made significant contributions to the nation’s economy by
supplying natural gas across country through its pipeline network for
Generation of over 87,000 MW of power.
Production of over 145 million tons of Urea.
Production of LPG for over 7 crore households in the country.
Over 5.75 lakh vehicles in the country today running on CNG supplied by
GAIL and over 7 lakh households on Piped Natural Gas (PNG) in the
country.
Production of petrochemicals of around 400,000 MTs which is used in
plastics industry.
9. GAIL enabled the use of natural gas as a new energy resource in the country,
which was earlier being flared in the offshore fields of Bombay High. The natural
gas infrastructure of about 7,000 km. accounting for over 82% of the total
pipeline infrastructure in India, set up so far by GAIL has contributed enormously
to the economically and socially critical sectors such as fertilizers and power. GAIL
also has the distinction of pioneering the clean fuel revolution for transport
sector in the country with the introduction of CNG in Delhi and Mumbai which
has significantly helped in reducing pollution levels in these two Metro cities. The
pipeline network of GAIL supplies natural gas to various sector consumers
equivalent to 204 million barrels of oil equivalent per year, thus not only
contributing to import substitution but also providing environment friendly fuel.
The natural gas infrastructure of GAIL plays a significant role in serving the nation
by facilitating equitable geographical distribution of economic benefits. It
provides ready market access to the domestic gas producers, making gas
available to the customers. Including those who are remotely located, facilitating
monetization and development of gas fields which are otherwise scattered and
devoid of market access. The pipeline network has created choice for customers
by providing cheaper, environment-friendly alternative fuel and has created
choice for customers by providing cheaper, environment friendly alternative fuel
and has reduced import-dependency as natural gas has substituted liquid fuel
such as Naphtha, fuel oil, etc. GAIL has also spearheaded the spread of City Gas
and Piped Gas network in the country which has helped in bringing down
pollution levels in metros such as Delhi and Mumbai. GAIL’s pipeline network
caters to the gas consumers in the states of Gujarat, Maharashtra, Rajasthan,
Madhya Pradesh, Delhi, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu,
Assam and Tripura.
In addition to supplying Natural Gas to various consumers, Gail has also setup 7
LPG plants and a petrochemical plant to extract value added products from gas.
GAIL produces around 1.35 MMTPA of Liquid Hydrocarbon including LPG for
domestic consumption.
GAIL is now an integrated energy company along the natural value chain with
global footprints. Today GAIL has interests in the business of natural gas, LPG,
liquid hydrocarbons and petrochemicals, the latter being value-added products.
The company has also entered in telecom sector by leasing bandwidth available
through the OFC which is laid along the gas pipelines for their operations and
maintenance. GAIL has also diversified into exploration & production, city gas
distribution and is steadily developing an overseas presence.
In the area of corporate social responsibility, one of the major projects of GAIL
has been setting up of Air Pollution Related Disease Diagnostics Centers (APRDCs)
10. in over 20 cities in various parts of the country, at a cost of about Rs. 4 crore.
Under this programmed, the diagnostic centers equipped with modern
diagnostic amenities related to respiratory and cardio-vascular diseases and well
trained medical personnel have been set up in partnership with reputed
government / trust managed hospitals / institutions to provide diagnostic
facilities and treatment to the people who are not able to afford baseline
investigations for diagnosis. APRDC also works as R&D for development of
facilities for diagnosing suspended particles, which are known to cause acute
heart diseases.
In more recent times, GAIL has initiated steam conversion project based on waste
heat recovery system from GAIL’s gas turbines. This rare, multi-benefit project
not only utilizes clean development mechanism (CDM) for power generation, but
also leads to conservation of gas as well as increased energy efficiency.
GAIL has a consistent track-record of dividend payment. So far, GAIL has
disbursed dividend of Rs.6230 crore to the shareholders including Government
of India, which is more than seven times the original investment of Rs. 845.65
crore by the Government on its equity capital.
The history of GAIL (India) Limited, erstwhile Gas Authority of India Limited, is
closely aligned to the growth of the petroleum industry in India. Till the mid-
eighties, state owned Public Sector Undertakings in the Upstream & Downstream
Segments were concentrating on effective sourcing and utilization of the oil
resources of the country. ONGC has already made important gas discoveries in
the western offshore South Basin fields which could not be utilized in absence of
gas piping infrastructure. The Government embarked upon a planned and
focused development of the natural gas sector in the country.
Today, GAIL’s Business Portfolio includes:
7,700 km of Natural Gas high pressure trunk pipeline with a capacity to
carry 157 MMSCMD of natural gas across the country.
7 LPG Gas Processing Units to produce 1.2 MMTPA of LPG and other liquid
hydrocarbons.
North India's only gas based integrated Petrochemical complex at Pata
with a capacity of producing 4, 10,000 TPA of Polymers.
1,922 km of LPG Transmission pipeline network with a capacity to
transport 3.8 MMTPA of LPG.
27 oil and gas Exploration blocks and 3 Coal Bed Methane Blocks.
13,000 km of OFC network offering highly dependable bandwidth for
telecom service providers.
Joint venture companies in Delhi, Mumbai, Hyderabad, Kanpur, Agra,
Lucknow, Bhopal, Agartala and Pune, for supplying Piped Natural Gas
11. (PNG) to households and commercial users, and Compressed Natural Gas
(CNG) to the transport sector.
Participating stake in the Dahej LNG Terminal and the upcoming Kochi LNG
Terminal in Kerala.
GAIL has been entrusted with the responsibility of reviving the LNG
terminal at Dabhol as well as sourcing LNG.
Established presence in the CNG and City Gas sectors in Egypt through
equity participation in three Egyptian companies: Fayum Gas Company
SAE, Shell CNG SAE and National Gas Company SAE.
Stake in China Gas Holding to explore opportunities in the CNG sector in
mainland China.
A wholly-owned subsidiary company GAIL Global (Singapore) Pvt. Ltd in
Singapore.
Incorporated 16th
Aug,1984
Turnover (2009-10) Rs. 24,966 crore
Net Profit (2009-10) Rs. 3140 crore
Employees 3,480
Corporate Office 16 Bhikaiji Cama Place, R.K. Puram, New
Delhi 110066
Market Shares 78% Market Share in Natural Gas
Transmission
70% Market Share in Natural Gas
Marketing
12. 1.2 Web 2.0 Harnessing Web for providing Services
Web 2.0 describes World Wide Web sites that emphasize user-generated
content, usability, and interoperability. The term was popularized by Tim
O'Reilly and Dale Dougherty at the O'Reilly Media Web 2.0 Conference in
late 2004, though it was first coined by Darcy DiNucci in 1999. Although
Web 2.0 suggests a new version of the World Wide Web, it does not refer
to an update to any technical specification, but rather to cumulative
changes in the way Web pages are made and used.
A Web 2.0 site may allow users to interact and collaborate with each other
in a social media dialogue as creators of user-generated content in
a virtual community, in contrast to Web sites where people are limited to
the passive viewing of content. Examples of Web 2.0 include social
networking sites, blogs, wikis, folksonomies, video sharing sites, hosted
services, Web applications, and mashups.
Whether Web 2.0 is substantively different from prior Web technologies
has been challenged by World Wide Web inventor Sir Tim, who describes
the term as jargon. His original vision of the Web was "a collaborative
medium, a place where we [could] all meet and read and write". On the
other hand, the term Semantic Web (sometimes referred to as Web 3.0)
was coined by Tim Berners-Lee for a web of data that can be processed by
machines.
15. 2.1 Introduction
The introduction of the Software Requirements Specification (SRS) provides an
overview of the entire SRS with purpose, scope, definitions, acronyms,
abbreviations, references and overview of the SRS. The aim of this document is
to gather and analyze and give an in-depth insight of the complete IEEE by
defining the problem statement in detail. Nevertheless, it also concentrates on
the capabilities required by stakeholders and their needs while defining high-
level product features.
2.2 Purpose
The service that this site intends to provide a platform for projects that are
deployed from Noida and to serve the needs of the employees for both the
purposes of relaying internal as well as external information i.e. Information
intended for employees of GAIL.
In short, the purpose of this SRS document is to provide a detailed overview of
our software product, its parameters and goals. This document describes the
project's target audience and its user interface, hardware and software
requirements. It defines how our client, team and audience see the product and
its functionality. Nonetheless, it helps any designer and developer to assist in
software delivery lifecycle (SDLC) processes.
2.3 Scope
Primarily, the scope pertains to the product features for making the It
department to keep check on the projects deployment and authorization.
The future scope is bright as it is cost effective and easy to maintain in years.
This SRS is also aimed at specifying requirements of software to be developed
but it can also be applied to assist in the selection of in-house and commercial
software products. The standard can be used to create software requirements
specifications directly or can be used as a model for defining a organization or
16. project specific standard. It does not identify any specific method,
nomenclature or tool for preparing an SRS.
2.4 Overall Description
This document contains the problem statement that the current system is
facing which is hampering the growth opportunities of the company. It further
contains a list of the stakeholders and users of the proposed solution. It also
illustrates the needs and wants of the stakeholders that were identified in the
brainstorming exercise as part of the requirements workshop. It further lists
and briefly describes the major features and a brief description of each of the
proposed system.
The following SRS contains the detail product perspective from different
stakeholders. It provides the detail product functions of E-Store with user
characteristics permitted constraints, assumptions and dependencies and
requirements subsets
2.5 Specific Requirements
The specific requirements are –
Functionality
Introduction –
This subsection contains the requirements for the e-store. These requirements
are organized by the features discussed in the vision document. Features from
vision documents are then refined into use case diagrams and to sequence
diagram to best capture the functional requirements of the system. All these
functional requirements can be traced using tractability matrix.
2.6 Performance
17. The product shall be based on web and has to be run from a web server.
The product shall take initial load time depending on internet connection
strength which also depends on the media from which the product is run.
The performance shall depend upon hardware components of the
client/customer.
2.7 Security
2.7.1 Data Transfer
The system shall use secure sockets in all transactions that include any
confidential customer information.
The system shall automatically log out all customers after a period of inactivity.
The system shall confirm all transactions with the customer’s web browser.
The system shall not leave any cookies on the customer’s computer containing
the user’s password.
The system shall not leave any cookies on the customer’s computer containing
any of the user’s confidential information.
2.7.2 Data Storage
The employee’s web browser shall never display a employee’s password. It
shall always be echoed with special characters representing typed characters.
The system’s back-end servers shall never display a employee’s password. The
employee’s password may be reset but never shown.
The system’s back-end servers shall only be accessible to authenticated
administrators.
The system’s back-end databases shall be encrypted.
18. 2.8 Tracking Data Flow: Data Flow Diagrams
It is common practice to draw the context-level data flow diagram first, which
shows the interaction between the system and external agents which act as
data sources and data sinks. This helps to create an accurate drawing in the
context diagram. The system's interactions with the outside world are modelled
purely in terms of data flows across the system boundary. The context diagram
shows the entire system as a single process, and gives no clues as to its internal
organization.
This context-level DFD is next "exploded", to produce a Level 1 DFD that shows
some of the detail of the system being modelled. The Level 1 DFD shows how
the system is divided into sub-systems (processes), each of which deals with
one or more of the data flows to or from an external agent, and which together
provide all of the functionality of the system as a whole. It also identifies
internal data stores that must be present in order for the system to do its job,
and shows the flow of data between the various parts of the system.
Data flow diagrams are one of the three essential perspectives of the
structured-systems analysis and design method SSADM. The sponsor of a
project and the end users will need to be briefed and consulted throughout all
stages of a system's evolution. With a data flow diagram, users are able to
visualize how the system will operate, what the system will accomplish, and
how the system will be implemented. The old system's dataflow diagrams can
be drawn up and compared with the new system's data flow diagrams to draw
comparisons to implement a more efficient system. Data flow diagrams can be
used to provide the end user with a physical idea of where the data they input
ultimately has an effect upon the structure of the whole system from order to
dispatch to report. How any system is developed can be determined through a
data flow diagram model.
In the course of developing a set of levelled data flow diagrams the
analyst/designers is forced to address how the system may be decomposed into
component sub-systems, and to identify the transaction data in the data model.
19. Fig. 2.1 Level 1 DFD for Home Page and data Display
Fig. 2.2 Level 1 DFD for new entry
USER
LOGIN Web
FORM
XML Sheet or
ORACLE Table
Validate
USERDASHBOARD
USER Specific
Data
USER
New ENTRY Web
FORM
HTML Sheets
21. 3.1 INTRODUCTION
This section provides an overview of the entire design document. This
document describes all data, architectural, interface and component-
level design for the software.
3.2 Goals and objectives
To create a front-end for a set of relational databases that provides
service through the Internet.
3.3 Statement of scope
The software will retrieve data from an ORACLE server upon user defined
queries. The users should have quick response time to the data. This will
be used by the software to create reports. These reports can be viewed
from possibly any browser and/or printed and/or exported.
3.4 Software context
This end product will be provided via the Intranet to GAIL employees to
access data that will provide up to date information on dealership
locations around the country, customer profile information. (I.e. Added,
terminated, compliances pending and completed).
3.5 Project Category
Web Based Applications
A web application or web app is any program that runs in a web browser. It is
created in a browser-supported programming language(such as the
combination of JavaScript, HTML and CSS) and relies on a web browser to
render the application.
22. Web applications are popular due to the ubiquity of web browsers, and the
convenience of using a web browser as a client to update and maintain web
applications without distributing and installing software on potentially
thousands of client computers is a key reason for their popularity, as is the
inherent support for cross-platform compatibility. Common web applications
include webmail, online retail sales, online auctions, wikis and many other
functions.
3.6 Project Life Cycle
Fig. 3.1 Software Development Life Cycle: The Embedded Waterfall Model
The software development life cycle (SDLC), or software development process
in systems engineering, information systems and software engineering, is a
process of creating or altering information systems, and the models and
methodologies that people use to develop these systems.
24. ASP.NET(Active Server Pages):-
Asp.net is an open-source server-side Web application framework designed
for Web development to produce dynamic Web pages. It was developed
by Microsoft to allow programmers to build dynamic web sites, web
applications and web services.
It was first released in January 2002 with version 1.0 of the .NET Framework,
and is the successor to Microsoft's Active Server Pages (ASP) technology.
ASP.NET is built on the Common Language Runtime (CLR), allowing
programmers to write ASP.NET code using any supported .NET language. The
ASP.NET SOAP extension framework allows ASP.NET components to process
SOAP messages.
ASP.NET is in the process of being re-implemented as a modern and
modular web framework, together with other frameworks like Entity. The new
framework will make use of the new open-source .NET Compiler
Platform (code-name "Roslyn") and be cross platform. ASP.NET MVC, ASP.NET
Web API, and ASP.NET Web Pages (a platform using only Razor pages) will
merge into a unified MVC 6.The project is called "ASP.NET vNext".
The ASPX and other resource files are placed in a virtual host on an Internet
Information Services server (or other compatible ASP.NET servers; see Other
implementations, below). The first time a client requests a page, the .NET
Framework parses and compiles the file(s) into a .NET assembly and sends the
response; subsequent requests are served from the DLL files. By default
ASP.NET will compile the entire site in batches of 1000 files upon first request. If
the compilation delay is causing problems, the batch size or the compilation
strategy may be tweaked.
Database Architecture:
25. Oracle Database (commonly referred to as Oracle RDBMS or simply as Oracle) is
an object-relational database management system produced and marketed
by Oracle Corporation.
26. Larry Ellison and his two friends and former co-workers, Bob Miner and Ed
Oates, started a consultancy called Software Development Laboratories (SDL) in
1977. SDL developed the original version of the Oracle software. The
name Oracle comes from the code-name of a CIA-funded project Ellison had
worked on while previously employed by Ampex.
The design of a DBMS depends on its architecture. It can be centralized or
decentralized or hierarchical. The architecture of a DBMS can be seen as either
single tier or multi-tier. An n-tier architecture divides the whole system into
related but independent n modules, which can be independently modified,
altered, changed, or replaced.
In 1-tier architecture, the DBMS is the only entity where the user directly sits on
the DBMS and uses it. Any changes done here will directly be done on the DBMS
itself. It does not provide handy tools for end-users. Database designers and
programmers normally prefer to use single-tier architecture.
If the architecture of DBMS is 2-tier, then it must have an application through
which the DBMS can be accessed. Programmers use 2-tier architecture where
they access the DBMS by means of an application. Here the application tier is
entirely independent of the database in terms of operation, design, and
programming.
28. 1. The website was designed with an aim to make use of
the cornerstones of Web 2.0 technology so as to enable
the customers to take its crucial information disbursal
and communication online.
2. In line with the above aim, several modules were
instituted so as to come up with a website that provides
a holistic and easy to use environment that will help to
achieve the stated goals.
Information Forms, Reports, and Tables: The module has
achieved with the task of letting the employers of GAIL to
keep track of ongoing projects thus moving it into a more
paperless environment.
30. 1.The website can be used for communication
and information dissemination in an
environment that includes IT-heads,
coordinators and other small Departments.
2.The various modules that are incorporated
can be used for making a link between the
employees and IT-head.
32. 1. The project was developed keeping in view the future
requirements of the client.
2. The same system can be expanded to include complete
office automation system of the organization.
39. APPENDIX B:
(Source Code)
IT-Head
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Web;
using System.Web.Services;
using DALC4NET;
using System.Data;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Text;
using System.Web.UI;
using System.Windows.Input;
using System.Windows.Markup;
using System.Web.UI.WebControls;
using System.Configuration;
namespace ProductGail
{
public partial class it_head2 : System.Web.UI.Page
{
protected DBHelper _dbHelper = DBHelper.GetInstance();
public static string x;
int id = 0;
public static string loc;
public static string c;
public static string c2;
public static string selectedValue = "Noida";
public static string farzi = "fz";
protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
if (Session["user"] != null)
LinkButton1.Text = "Welcome, " + Session["user"].ToString();
if (!IsPostBack)
{
this.BindRepeater();
// databinding code here
}
}
protected void lout_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
Session["user"] = null;
Response.Redirect("login.aspx");
}
private void BindRepeater()
{
40. try
{
id = Int32.Parse(ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["userid"]);
string ithead = Session["user"].ToString();
string q1 = "select location_name from users where user_id = " + id;
loc = _dbHelper.ExecuteScalar(q1).ToString();
}
catch (System.ArgumentNullException)
{
}
if (Session["user"] != null)
{
try
{
string constr1 = "select
products.product_name,products.description,round(avg(feedback.percentage_completion),0
) as percentage from products full outer join feedback on products.product_id =
feedback.feedback_id where approval = 'YES' group by
products.product_name,products.description order by products.product_name";
Repeater2.DataSource = _dbHelper.ExecuteDataTable(constr1);
Repeater2.DataBind();
string constr = "select
products.product_name,products.description,round(avg(feedback.percentage_completion),0
) as percentage from products full outer join feedback on products.product_id =
feedback.feedback_id where approval = 'NO' group by
products.product_name,products.description order by products.product_name";
Repeater1.DataSource = _dbHelper.ExecuteDataTable(constr);
Repeater1.DataBind();
}
catch (Exception e)
{
string constr1 = "select
products.product_name,products.description,round(avg(feedback.percentage_completion),0
) as percentage from products full outer join feedback on products.product_id =
feedback.feedback_id where approval = 'YES' group by
products.product_name,products.description order by products.product_name";
Repeater2.DataSource = _dbHelper.ExecuteDataTable(constr1);
Repeater2.DataBind();
string constr = "select
products.product_name,products.description,round(avg(feedback.percentage_completion),0
) as percentage from products full outer join feedback on products.product_id =
feedback.feedback_id where approval = 'NO' group by
products.product_name,products.description order by products.product_name";
Repeater1.DataSource = _dbHelper.ExecuteDataTable(constr);
Repeater1.DataBind();
}
}
41. else
{
try
{
string constr1 = "select
products.product_name,products.description,round(avg(feedback.percentage_completion),0
) as percentage from products full outer join feedback on products.product_id =
feedback.feedback_id where approval = 'YES' group by
products.product_name,products.description order by products.product_name";
Repeater2.DataSource = _dbHelper.ExecuteDataTable(constr1);
Repeater2.DataBind();
string constr = "select
products.product_name,products.description,round(avg(feedback.percentage_completion),0
) as percentage from products full outer join feedback on products.product_id =
feedback.feedback_id where approval = 'NO' group by
products.product_name,products.description order by products.product_name";
Repeater1.DataSource = _dbHelper.ExecuteDataTable(constr);
Repeater1.DataBind();
}
catch (Exception e)
{
string constr1 = "select
products.product_name,products.description,round(avg(feedback.percentage_completion),0
) as percentage from products full outer join feedback on products.product_id =
feedback.feedback_id where approval = 'YES' group by
products.product_name,products.description order by products.product_name";
Repeater2.DataSource = _dbHelper.ExecuteDataTable(constr1);
Repeater2.DataBind();
string constr = "select
products.product_name,products.description,round(avg(feedback.percentage_completion),0
) as percentage from products full outer join feedback on products.product_id =
feedback.feedback_id where approval = 'NO' group by
products.product_name,products.description order by products.product_name";
Repeater1.DataSource = _dbHelper.ExecuteDataTable(constr);
Repeater1.DataBind();
}
}
}
protected void Repeater1_ItemCommand(object source, RepeaterCommandEventArgs
e)
{
if (e.CommandName == "approve")
{
Button btn1 = (Button)e.Item.FindControl("button");
Label l = (Label)e.Item.FindControl("Label1");
DropDownList dd = e.Item.FindControl("DropDownList1") as DropDownList;
DropDownList d = e.Item.FindControl("DropDownList2") as DropDownList;
c = d.SelectedValue.ToString();
c2 = dd.SelectedValue.ToString();
42. string z = "select user_id from users where name = '"+c+"' and
location_name = '"+c2+"'";
int i = Int32.Parse(_dbHelper.ExecuteScalar(z).ToString());
string zz = "UPDATE products SET user_id = " + i + ", approval = 'YES'
where product_name = '" + l.Text + "'";
_dbHelper.ExecuteScalar(zz);
z = "select feedback_id from products where product_name = '"+l+"'";
i = Int32.Parse(_dbHelper.ExecuteScalar(z).ToString());
z = "insert into
feedback(feedback_id,location,percentage_completion,completion)
values("+i+",'"+c2+"',0,'NO')";
_dbHelper.ExecuteScalar(z);
Response.Redirect("it-head2.aspx");
this.BindRepeater();
}
}
protected void Repeater1_ItemCreated(object sender, RepeaterItemEventArgs e)
{
}
protected void Repeater2_ItemCommand(object source, RepeaterCommandEventArgs
e)
{
farzi = "dsf";
}
protected void Repeater2_ItemCreated(object sender, RepeaterItemEventArgs e)
{
farzi = "dsf";
}
protected void RadioButton1_CheckedChanged(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
}
protected void Repeater4_ItemCommand(object source, RepeaterCommandEventArgs
e)
{
farzi = "dsf";
}
protected void Repeater4_ItemCreated(object sender, RepeaterItemEventArgs e)
{
farzi = "dsf";
}
protected void Repeater2_ItemDataBound(object sender, RepeaterItemEventArgs e)
{
43. Label l1 = (Label)e.Item.FindControl("Label5");
if(e.Item.ItemType == ListItemType.Item || e.Item.ItemType ==
ListItemType.AlternatingItem)
{
Repeater rpeater = e.Item.FindControl("Repeater4") as Repeater;
string q1 = "select product_id from products where product_name =
'"+l1.Text+"'";
int i = Int32.Parse(_dbHelper.ExecuteScalar(q1).ToString());
string constr3 = "select unique
f.percentage_completion,f.total_users,f.location from feedback f,products p where
f.feedback_id="+i+" and p.product_id = "+i+"";
rpeater.DataSource = _dbHelper.ExecuteDataTable(constr3);
rpeater.DataBind();
}
}
protected void Button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
}
protected void button_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
}
protected void DropDownList1_SelectedIndexChanged(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
DropDownList ddl = (DropDownList)sender;
selectedValue = ddl.SelectedValue.ToString();
this.BindRepeater();
}
protected void Repeater1_ItemDataBound(object sender, RepeaterItemEventArgs e)
{
if (e.Item.ItemType == ListItemType.Item || e.Item.ItemType ==
ListItemType.AlternatingItem)
{
var d1 = e.Item.FindControl("DropDownList1") as DropDownList;
var d2 = e.Item.FindControl("DropDownList2") as DropDownList;
d2.Items.Clear();
d2.Items.Insert(0, "--Select Your Coordinator--");
string s = "select unique location_name from users where designation =
'Co-ordinator'";
DataTable dt = _dbHelper.ExecuteDataTable(s);
string query2 = "select count(unique location_name) from users where
designation = 'Co-ordinator'";
int i = Int32.Parse(_dbHelper.ExecuteScalar(query2).ToString());
for (int j = 0; j < i;j++ )
{
d1.Items.Add(dt.Rows[j][0].ToString());
}
44. string s1 = "select name from users where location_name = '" +
selectedValue + "' and designation = 'Co-ordinator'";
DataTable dt1 = _dbHelper.ExecuteDataTable(s1);
string query3 = "select count(name) from users where location_name = '"
+ selectedValue + "' and designation = 'Co-ordinator'";
int i1 = Int32.Parse(_dbHelper.ExecuteScalar(query3).ToString());
for (int j = 0; j < i1; j++)
{
d2.Items.Add(dt1.Rows[j][0].ToString());
}
}
}
}
}
Coordinator:
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Web;
using System.Web.Services;
using DALC4NET;
using System.Data;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Text;
using System.Web.UI;
using System.Windows.Input;
using System.Windows.Markup;
using System.Web.UI.WebControls;
using System.Configuration;
namespace ProductGail
{
public partial class coordinator : System.Web.UI.Page
{
protected DBHelper _dbHelper = DBHelper.GetInstance();
public static string x;
int id = 0;
public static string loc;
public static string farzi = "fz";
protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
if (Session["user"] != null)
LinkButton1.Text = "Welcome, " + Session["user"].ToString();
if (!IsPostBack)
{
this.BindRepeater();
}
}
protected void lout_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
45. {
Session["user"] = null;
Response.Redirect("login.aspx");
}
private void BindRepeater()
{
try
{
id = Int32.Parse(ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["userid"]);
string coordinator = Session["user"].ToString();
string q1 = "select location_name from users where user_id = " + id;
loc = _dbHelper.ExecuteScalar(q1).ToString();
}
catch (System.ArgumentNullException)
{
}
if (Session["user"] != null)
{
try
{
string constr = "select
p.product_name,p.description,f.target_user,round(avg(f.percentage_completion),0) as
percentage_completion from products p full outer join feedback f on
f.feedback_id=p.product_id where p.user_id= " + id + " group by
p.product_name,p.description,f.target_user order by p.product_name";
Repeater1.DataSource = _dbHelper.ExecuteDataTable(constr);
Repeater1.DataBind();
string constr1 = "select
p.product_name,p.description,f.target_user,round(avg(f.percentage_completion),0) as
percentage_completion from products p full outer join feedback f on
f.feedback_id=p.product_id where p.user_id= " + id + " group by
p.product_name,p.description,f.target_user order by p.product_name";
Repeater2.DataSource = _dbHelper.ExecuteDataTable(constr1);
Repeater2.DataBind();
}
catch (Exception e)
{
string constr = "select
p.product_name,p.description,f.target_user,round(avg(f.percentage_completion),0) as
percentage_completion from products p full outer join feedback f on
f.feedback_id=p.product_id where p.user_id= " + id + " group by
p.product_name,p.description,f.target_user order by p.product_name";
Repeater1.DataSource = _dbHelper.ExecuteDataTable(constr);
Repeater1.DataBind();
46. string constr1 = "select
p.product_name,p.description,f.target_user,round(avg(f.percentage_completion),0) as
percentage_completion from products p full outer join feedback f on
f.feedback_id=p.product_id where p.user_id= " + id + " group by
p.product_name,p.description,f.target_user order by p.product_name";
Repeater2.DataSource = _dbHelper.ExecuteDataTable(constr1);
Repeater2.DataBind();
}
}
else
{
try
{
string constr = "select
p.product_name,p.description,f.target_user,round(avg(f.percentage_completion),0) as
percentage_completion from products p full outer join feedback f on
f.feedback_id=p.product_id where p.user_id= " + id + " group by
p.product_name,p.description,f.target_user order by p.product_name";
Repeater1.DataSource = _dbHelper.ExecuteDataTable(constr);
Repeater1.DataBind();
string constr1 = "select
p.product_name,p.description,f.target_user,round(avg(f.percentage_completion),0) as
percentage_completion from products p full outer join feedback f on
f.feedback_id=p.product_id where p.user_id= " + id + " group by
p.product_name,p.description,f.target_user order by p.product_name";
Repeater2.DataSource = _dbHelper.ExecuteDataTable(constr1);
Repeater2.DataBind();
}
catch (Exception e)
{
string constr = "select
p.product_name,p.description,f.target_user,round(avg(f.percentage_completion),0) as
percentage_completion from products p full outer join feedback f on
f.feedback_id=p.product_id where p.user_id= " + id + " group by
p.product_name,p.description,f.target_user order by p.product_name";
Repeater1.DataSource = _dbHelper.ExecuteDataTable(constr);
Repeater1.DataBind();
string constr1 = "select
p.product_name,p.description,f.target_user,round(avg(f.percentage_completion),0) as
percentage_completion from products p full outer join feedback f on
f.feedback_id=p.product_id where p.user_id= " + id + " group by
p.product_name,p.description,f.target_user order by p.product_name";
Repeater2.DataSource = _dbHelper.ExecuteDataTable(constr1);
Repeater2.DataBind();
}
}
}
protected void Repeater1_ItemCreated(object sender, RepeaterItemEventArgs e)
{
}
48. }
Login:
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Web;
using System.Web.UI;
using System.Web.UI.WebControls;
using DALC4NET;
using System.Data;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Configuration;
namespace ProductGail
{
public partial class login : System.Web.UI.Page
{
protected DBHelper _dbHelper = DBHelper.GetInstance();
public int temp = 0;
public static string x;
public static string y;
public static string query3;
protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
if (Session["user"] != null)
Response.Redirect("login.aspx");
}
protected void Button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
try
{
string query = "select designation from users where password='" +
lpassword.Text + "' and user_id='" + lemail.Text + "'";
string user_id;
string query1 = "Select name from USERS where USER_ID = '" +
lemail.Text + "' AND PASSWORD = '" + lpassword.Text + "'";
if (_dbHelper.ExecuteScalar(query1) != null)
{
user_id = lemail.Text;
ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["userid"] = user_id.ToString();
}
if (_dbHelper.ExecuteScalar(query) != null)
y = _dbHelper.ExecuteScalar(query).ToString();
if (_dbHelper.ExecuteScalar(query1) != null)
Session["user"] = _dbHelper.ExecuteScalar(query1).ToString();
if (y == "IT-Head")
Response.Redirect("it-head2.aspx");
49. if (y == "Co-ordinator")
Response.Redirect("coordinator.aspx");
if (y == "subgroup")
Response.Redirect("subgroup.aspx");
else
{
Response.Write("<script>alert('Invalid Credentials');</script>");
}
}
catch (Exception ww)
{
Response.Write(ww.Message.ToString());
}
}
}
}
Sub-Group:
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Web;
using System.Web.Services;
using DALC4NET;
using System.Data;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Text;
using System.Web.UI;
using System.Windows.Input;
using System.Windows.Markup;
using System.Web.UI.WebControls;
using System.Configuration;
namespace ProductGail
{
public partial class subgroup : System.Web.UI.Page
{
protected DBHelper _dbHelper = DBHelper.GetInstance();
public static string x;
int id = 0;
public static string loc;
public static string farzi = "fz";
protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
if (Session["user"] != null)
LinkButton1.Text = "Welcome, " + Session["user"].ToString();
if (!IsPostBack)
{
this.BindRepeater();
// databinding code here
}
}
50. protected void lout_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
Session["user"] = null;
Response.Redirect("login.aspx");
}
private void BindRepeater()
{
try
{
id = Int32.Parse(ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["userid"]);
string coordinator = Session["user"].ToString();
string q1 = "select location_name from users where user_id = " + id;
loc = _dbHelper.ExecuteScalar(q1).ToString();
}
catch (System.ArgumentNullException)
{
}
if (Session["user"] != null)
{
try
{
string constr = "select
p.product_name,p.description,f.target_user,round(avg(f.percentage_completion),0) as
percentage_completion from products p full outer join feedback f on
f.feedback_id=p.product_id where p.user_id= " + id + " group by
p.product_name,p.description,f.target_user order by p.product_name";
Repeater1.DataSource = _dbHelper.ExecuteDataTable(constr);
Repeater1.DataBind();
}
catch (Exception e)
{
string constr = "select
p.product_name,p.description,f.target_user,round(avg(f.percentage_completion),0) as
percentage_completion from products p full outer join feedback f on
f.feedback_id=p.product_id where p.user_id= " + id + " group by
p.product_name,p.description,f.target_user order by p.product_name";
Repeater1.DataSource = _dbHelper.ExecuteDataTable(constr);
Repeater1.DataBind();
}
}
else
{
try
{
51. string constr = "select
p.product_name,p.description,f.target_user,round(avg(f.percentage_completion),0) as
percentage_completion from products p full outer join feedback f on
f.feedback_id=p.product_id where p.user_id= " + id + " group by
p.product_name,p.description,f.target_user order by p.product_name";
Repeater1.DataSource = _dbHelper.ExecuteDataTable(constr);
Repeater1.DataBind();
}
catch (Exception e)
{
string constr = "select
p.product_name,p.description,f.target_user,round(avg(f.percentage_completion),0) as
percentage_completion from products p full outer join feedback f on
f.feedback_id=p.product_id where p.user_id= " + id + " group by
p.product_name,p.description,f.target_user order by p.product_name";
Repeater1.DataSource = _dbHelper.ExecuteDataTable(constr);
Repeater1.DataBind();
}
}
}
protected void Repeater1_ItemCreated(object sender, RepeaterItemEventArgs e)
{
}
protected void Repeater1_ItemDataBound(object sender, RepeaterItemEventArgs e)
{
}
protected void Repeater1_ItemCommand(object source, RepeaterCommandEventArgs
e)
{
}
}
}