The document provides information about a project report submitted for a Master of Business Administration (MBA) degree. It examines microfinance programs and women's empowerment through self-help groups (SHGs) linked to the Tripura Grameen Bank in rural Churaibari, North Tripura district, Tripura, India. The objectives are to assess the role of microfinance in empowering women SHG members through capacity building and to analyze socio-economic impacts between pre-SHG and post-SHG situations. 126 women from 10 randomly selected SHGs will be surveyed using questionnaires from August to October 2013. The data will be analyzed to test hypotheses about impacts on decision making, socioeconomic indicators, and women's
This project has a complete summary of past as well as current conditions of Micro Finance in India and its evolution. This project also discusses the Andhra Pradesh MFI crisis which led to implementation of numerous strict rules and regulations by the Government of India to control and regulate this sector of financing.
A Strategic Perspective of the Indian Micro Finance Sector 2015Chandrasekhar Poduri
The document discusses the evolution of microfinance in India over the past century. It began as a means of providing credit to rural India through cooperative banking and social banking initiatives. Over time, self-help groups (SHGs) and microfinance institutions (MFIs) emerged as effective models for extending financial services to the poor. MFIs grew rapidly in the 2000s by transforming into non-banking financial companies (NBFCs) and accessing mainstream capital markets. However, over-aggressive lending practices by some MFIs in Andhra Pradesh led to a crisis in 2010. The microfinance sector in India continues to evolve through policy changes, industry self-regulation, and expanding access to financial services for under
This document presents information on microfinance in India. It discusses how microfinance provides financial services like credit, savings and insurance to poor individuals. It notes that microfinance aims to improve livelihoods through capital provision. The document provides statistics on microfinance in India and outlines the roles of various regulatory bodies. It discusses self-help groups and their importance in poverty alleviation. It also examines the role of banks in providing assistance to microfinance institutions and some problems faced by these institutions. Finally, it proposes various solutions and concludes by emphasizing the potential of self-help groups and microfinance to reduce poverty in India.
Challenges and opportunities in micro financefaheemullah
The document discusses challenges and opportunities in microfinance in Pakistan. It outlines how microfinance provides small loans to help the poor engage in productive activities to build assets and income. While microfinance has helped empower women and reduce poverty, challenges include high interest rates, lack of agricultural investment, and limited financial understanding. Opportunities for microfinance include using it as a development tool focused on women, rehabilitation, and commercialization. Improving access to microfinance services can help the poor smooth consumption and build assets, but the industry still faces problems achieving profitability and diversifying products.
Microfinance involves providing small amounts of credit, savings, and insurance services to the poor. The concept originated in the 1970s when Dr. Muhammad Yunus lent money without collateral to groups of poor women in Bangladesh, achieving a 98% repayment rate. Today there are over 7,000 microfinance institutions globally serving 16 million poor households. In India, pioneering microfinance organizations included cooperatives like SEWA Bank. The SHG-Bank linkage model aggregates individual savings and provides loans through self-help groups. While microfinance has increased incomes and reduced vulnerability, issues sometimes arise from high interest rates, unethical collection practices, and uneven geographic growth.
Effectiveness of micro finance on living standards and empowerment1venkatesh yadav
Effectiveness of micro finance on living standards and empowerment,Micro- Finance - Meaning,Characteristics of Micro-finance,Microfinance Products and Services,Statement of the Problem
Microfinance provides small loans to poor families and individuals. It targets low-income clients who lack access to traditional banking services. Loans typically range from Rs. 5,000 to Rs. 10,000 and are used by entrepreneurs and households to invest in businesses according to their own priorities. The microfinance sector works mainly in rural areas, where 70% of Indians live. It faces challenges in evaluating creditworthiness for small loans and covering costs, but has potential for growth in India's large rural economy and developing financial system.
The document discusses the history and current state of microfinance in India. It begins with an overview of what microfinance aims to be by providing small loans to impoverished individuals. It then discusses the rise and fall of microfinance institutions (MFIs) in India, from early growth in the 1980s-2000s to over-lending issues and client suicide crises in 2010-2011. The document analyzes factors that contributed to the MFI crisis in India, including exorbitant interest rates, client coercion, a focus on high growth over responsible lending, and multiple overlapping loans leading to over-indebtedness. It concludes by discussing regulatory options and the need for sustainable microfinance models going forward.
This project has a complete summary of past as well as current conditions of Micro Finance in India and its evolution. This project also discusses the Andhra Pradesh MFI crisis which led to implementation of numerous strict rules and regulations by the Government of India to control and regulate this sector of financing.
A Strategic Perspective of the Indian Micro Finance Sector 2015Chandrasekhar Poduri
The document discusses the evolution of microfinance in India over the past century. It began as a means of providing credit to rural India through cooperative banking and social banking initiatives. Over time, self-help groups (SHGs) and microfinance institutions (MFIs) emerged as effective models for extending financial services to the poor. MFIs grew rapidly in the 2000s by transforming into non-banking financial companies (NBFCs) and accessing mainstream capital markets. However, over-aggressive lending practices by some MFIs in Andhra Pradesh led to a crisis in 2010. The microfinance sector in India continues to evolve through policy changes, industry self-regulation, and expanding access to financial services for under
This document presents information on microfinance in India. It discusses how microfinance provides financial services like credit, savings and insurance to poor individuals. It notes that microfinance aims to improve livelihoods through capital provision. The document provides statistics on microfinance in India and outlines the roles of various regulatory bodies. It discusses self-help groups and their importance in poverty alleviation. It also examines the role of banks in providing assistance to microfinance institutions and some problems faced by these institutions. Finally, it proposes various solutions and concludes by emphasizing the potential of self-help groups and microfinance to reduce poverty in India.
Challenges and opportunities in micro financefaheemullah
The document discusses challenges and opportunities in microfinance in Pakistan. It outlines how microfinance provides small loans to help the poor engage in productive activities to build assets and income. While microfinance has helped empower women and reduce poverty, challenges include high interest rates, lack of agricultural investment, and limited financial understanding. Opportunities for microfinance include using it as a development tool focused on women, rehabilitation, and commercialization. Improving access to microfinance services can help the poor smooth consumption and build assets, but the industry still faces problems achieving profitability and diversifying products.
Microfinance involves providing small amounts of credit, savings, and insurance services to the poor. The concept originated in the 1970s when Dr. Muhammad Yunus lent money without collateral to groups of poor women in Bangladesh, achieving a 98% repayment rate. Today there are over 7,000 microfinance institutions globally serving 16 million poor households. In India, pioneering microfinance organizations included cooperatives like SEWA Bank. The SHG-Bank linkage model aggregates individual savings and provides loans through self-help groups. While microfinance has increased incomes and reduced vulnerability, issues sometimes arise from high interest rates, unethical collection practices, and uneven geographic growth.
Effectiveness of micro finance on living standards and empowerment1venkatesh yadav
Effectiveness of micro finance on living standards and empowerment,Micro- Finance - Meaning,Characteristics of Micro-finance,Microfinance Products and Services,Statement of the Problem
Microfinance provides small loans to poor families and individuals. It targets low-income clients who lack access to traditional banking services. Loans typically range from Rs. 5,000 to Rs. 10,000 and are used by entrepreneurs and households to invest in businesses according to their own priorities. The microfinance sector works mainly in rural areas, where 70% of Indians live. It faces challenges in evaluating creditworthiness for small loans and covering costs, but has potential for growth in India's large rural economy and developing financial system.
The document discusses the history and current state of microfinance in India. It begins with an overview of what microfinance aims to be by providing small loans to impoverished individuals. It then discusses the rise and fall of microfinance institutions (MFIs) in India, from early growth in the 1980s-2000s to over-lending issues and client suicide crises in 2010-2011. The document analyzes factors that contributed to the MFI crisis in India, including exorbitant interest rates, client coercion, a focus on high growth over responsible lending, and multiple overlapping loans leading to over-indebtedness. It concludes by discussing regulatory options and the need for sustainable microfinance models going forward.
Micro Finance Industry PPT - feb 2014- Sushil Chokhandresushilc
This presentation summarizes microfinance and its current state in India. Microfinance provides financial services like savings, credit, and insurance to low-income individuals. Currently, over 450 million people in India lack access to banks, with 87% of rural households lacking credit access. While demand for loans is estimated at $14 billion, only $700 million has been met so far. Major players in microfinance include SKS Microfinance and organizations are exploring partnerships with banks to expand services. The presentation outlines opportunities and challenges in expanding access to microfinance in India, including a large unmet demand and need to address high interest rates and costs.
Micro-finance In India, Opportunity and Challenges Mayank Singh
The Economic Pyramid of India is being explained with Analysis on the role of Microfinance through the special case of Bandhan Financial service Pvt. limited.with Formulated current and future challenges and their solutions to the business model.
This document is a research project report submitted in partial fulfillment of an MBA degree. It examines the impact of microfinance on the living standards, empowerment and poverty alleviation of poor women in North India. The report includes a declaration by the student, acknowledgements of those who assisted and supervised the project, and an introduction providing context on microfinance and its goals. It also outlines the chapters to follow, which will cover a literature review on previous research conducted on microfinance and its effects, as well as subsequent chapters analyzing and discussing the results of the student's case study research.
Microcredit aims to improve lives of poor people through small loans for economic activities. Muhammad Yunus founded Grameen Bank in Bangladesh in 1976 to provide banking services to the poor, especially women. Microcredit works through individual and group lending models, with group lending being most common. It has helped many in India move out of poverty through self-employment opportunities. While microcredit has significantly impacted millions, issues around high interest rates, gender biases, and lack of proper regulation still remain as challenges.
Microfinance provides financial services to small businesses and entrepreneurs who lack access to traditional banking. It can include microcredit (small loans), savings, insurance, and money transfers. While microcredit helps the poor borrow to save and accumulate assets, it often charges high interest rates of 30-70% due to the high transaction costs of small loans. Some microfinance programs instead focus on "saving up" by having collectors regularly collect small savings amounts from clients. Overall, microfinance aims to help the poor raise incomes, build assets, and withstand financial shocks through accessible financial services.
The document provides an overview of microfinance, including its history, definition, key concepts, and common activities. Some of the main points covered include:
1) Microfinance emerged in the 1970s and was pioneered by organizations like Grameen Bank, which provided small loans to poor individuals.
2) It involves providing financial services like credit, savings, and insurance to low-income individuals. This gives them access to capital to invest in businesses or manage cash flows.
3) Common microfinance activities are microcredit, microsavings, microinsurance, and remittances. Products must be designed based on the needs and risks of the target borrower population.
|Page 11
Microfinance has existed informally in India for ages, but the legal framework and institutions to support it have developed over time, starting in the early 20th century. Currently, an estimated 350 million people live below the poverty line in India, but formal microfinance has only reached around 5% of the rural poor. There remains a large unmet demand for financial services among the poor. While microfinance institutions have grown, challenges remain in achieving sufficient scale, access to low-cost funding, developing appropriate legal structures, and balancing financial sustainability with an inclusive development agenda.
micro finance institution analysis in indiarohitsethi69
The document is a presentation on microfinance in India. It discusses the definition of microfinance and provides statistics on microfinance initiatives in India, including the number of districts and clients served. It also notes trends in loan amounts and growth rates. The presentation outlines some of the key issues and challenges faced by microfinance institutions, such as rapid growth and commercialization leading to lower quality services. It concludes by recommending strategies for microfinance institutions to manage risks and maintain proper systems.
Microfinance in India aims to provide financial services to the poor by addressing challenges like risk management, accessibility, lack of collateral, and high transaction costs. Key initiatives include the bank-SHG linkage program, expansion of rural bank branches, and the emergence of microfinance institutions. However, large gaps remain as 500 million people remain unserved. Scaling up microfinance further faces challenges around capital availability, staff training, and technology adoption. New approaches are exploring partnerships, venture capital models, alternate channels like agent networks and internet kiosks, and reducing transaction costs.
This document discusses microfinance and its role in providing financial services to low-income populations. It defines microfinance as the provision of small loans, savings opportunities, and other basic financial services to the poor. Microfinance helps the poor generate income through self-employment and smooth consumption. The major models of microfinance delivery in India are the self-help group (SHG) bank linkage model and non-banking financial companies (NBFCs). The SHG model involves groups of women saving regularly and taking small loans, with banks later providing larger loans. NBFCs encourage joint liability groups (JLGs) and make individual loans to members.
Microfinance provides small loans, savings, insurance and other financial services to low-income individuals who lack access to traditional banking services. In India, microfinance helps the estimated 26-50% of the population that lives below the poverty line, as well as the 87% of poor households without access to formal credit. Common microfinance models in India include self-help groups which pool savings and offer small loans, and the Grameen Bank model of groups of five joint-liability borrowers. The self-help group model dominates microfinance in India, facilitated by the National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development. Microfinance has grown substantially over the last decade but there remains massive unmet demand, as over $30 billion is
This document provides an overview of microfinance in India. It discusses the history and evolution of microfinance, including pioneering organizations like Grameen Bank. It describes the different elements of microfinance like microcredit, microsavings, and microinsurance. It analyzes the various types of organizations that provide microfinance in India, including formal sector banks, semi-formal MFIs, and informal moneylenders. It also examines the growth of the sector, challenges faced, the role of microfinance for women, and its impact in alleviating poverty.
Role of microfinance institution of pakistan for povertyMuhammad ALI RAZA
(1) The document discusses the role of microfinance institutions in Pakistan for poverty alleviation. It analyzes data from a survey of microcredit borrowers from Khushali Bank.
(2) The survey found that 70% of borrowers were female, and microcredit helped fulfill basic needs for 90% and improve children's education for 81% of respondents.
(3) Most borrowers took loans of 20,000-30,000 Pakistani rupees to start small businesses like retail or home enterprises. The loans had moderate interest rates and a one-year repayment period.
This document provides an overview of microfinance in India. It discusses how microfinance provides financial services to low-income individuals who lack access to traditional banking. It notes examples like Mrs. Bharti who was able to start a sewing business after getting a microloan. The document also discusses challenges in the microfinance sector like steady access to capital, heavy dependence on banks/financial institutions, and political sensitivity around interest rates charged. Overall, the document aims to introduce microfinance and its role in empowering the poor in India.
Summer Training Report of Role & Implications of Micro-FinanceFellowBuddy.com
FellowBuddy.com is an innovative platform that brings students together to share notes, exam papers, study guides, project reports and presentation for upcoming exams.
We connect Students who have an understanding of course material with Students who need help.
Benefits:-
# Students can catch up on notes they missed because of an absence.
# Underachievers can find peer developed notes that break down lecture and study material in a way that they can understand
# Students can earn better grades, save time and study effectively
Our Vision & Mission – Simplifying Students Life
Our Belief – “The great breakthrough in your life comes when you realize it, that you can learn anything you need to learn; to accomplish any goal that you have set for yourself. This means there are no limits on what you can be, have or do.”
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A PPT ON MICRO FINANCE BY :- GAURAV BHUTGaurav Bhut
Microfinance in India provides financial services to the poor who lack access to traditional banking. It began as social initiatives but is now a profitable sector. Key challenges include high transaction costs due to information asymmetry about clients and their loan usage. Most clients are rural with low literacy and lack collateral. Staff training and motivation are also issues. Government programs and microfinance institutions have expanded access but large gaps remain, with 500 million people still unserved. Future growth requires addressing demand, scaling up, using technology, and offering more products like insurance to increase impact.
FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF MICROFINANCE INSTITUTIONSRupa R
The document provides an introduction and background to a study comparing the financial performance of microfinance institutions (MFIs) in India and Bangladesh. It outlines the research methodology, which involves analyzing seven categories of financial performance indicators for 46 Indian MFIs and 25 Bangladeshi MFIs over 2007-2012 using statistical tools. Hypotheses that performance is similar across countries and does not depend on age or only financial factors will be tested. Multiple regression analysis will examine the influence of institutional characteristics, outreach, financial performance, revenues/expenses, efficiency, and risk on overall performance.
Impact of microfinance on the indian economyMeghana Bhogle
This is a presentation i made for my first year as a management student. An overview of micro-credit and it's advantages as also the various organizations that help facilitate the same
The document provides an industry profile of microfinance institutions (MFIs) in India. It discusses that MFIs provide small loans and other financial services to low-income groups. The microfinance industry in India has experienced rapid growth in recent years, reaching over 200 million customers. However, there remains significant unmet demand as many parts of India remain underserved by MFIs. The industry is fragmented with over 3000 MFIs, though the top 10 companies account for around three-quarters of the total loan portfolio. Continued growth is expected, but regulations and competition will impact the future trajectory of MFIs in India.
The document discusses the future of microfinance in India. It notes that microfinance has expanded rapidly in recent years, with membership in associations growing and loan amounts outstanding increasing significantly from 2001-2004 and 2001-2005 for various microfinance programs and institutions. It also discusses the growing partnership models between banks and MFIs, and innovations in how banks provide funding to MFIs. Going forward, it emphasizes the need for greater financial literacy, product differentiation, and ensuring client empowerment through education on loan terms and conditions.
Microfinance in India has evolved over three phases from 1960 to today:
1) Social banking phase from 1960-1980 focused on expanding rural branch networks.
2) Financial systems approach from 1990-2000 saw the emergence of NGO-MFIs and self-help groups.
3) Current phase of financial inclusion since 2000 features MFIs partnering with diverse entities and increased policy regulation.
The microfinance industry in India is dominated by self-help groups initiated by NABARD and MFIs that emerged in the late 1990s to provide financial services to low-income individuals through mechanisms like group lending.
Micro Finance Industry PPT - feb 2014- Sushil Chokhandresushilc
This presentation summarizes microfinance and its current state in India. Microfinance provides financial services like savings, credit, and insurance to low-income individuals. Currently, over 450 million people in India lack access to banks, with 87% of rural households lacking credit access. While demand for loans is estimated at $14 billion, only $700 million has been met so far. Major players in microfinance include SKS Microfinance and organizations are exploring partnerships with banks to expand services. The presentation outlines opportunities and challenges in expanding access to microfinance in India, including a large unmet demand and need to address high interest rates and costs.
Micro-finance In India, Opportunity and Challenges Mayank Singh
The Economic Pyramid of India is being explained with Analysis on the role of Microfinance through the special case of Bandhan Financial service Pvt. limited.with Formulated current and future challenges and their solutions to the business model.
This document is a research project report submitted in partial fulfillment of an MBA degree. It examines the impact of microfinance on the living standards, empowerment and poverty alleviation of poor women in North India. The report includes a declaration by the student, acknowledgements of those who assisted and supervised the project, and an introduction providing context on microfinance and its goals. It also outlines the chapters to follow, which will cover a literature review on previous research conducted on microfinance and its effects, as well as subsequent chapters analyzing and discussing the results of the student's case study research.
Microcredit aims to improve lives of poor people through small loans for economic activities. Muhammad Yunus founded Grameen Bank in Bangladesh in 1976 to provide banking services to the poor, especially women. Microcredit works through individual and group lending models, with group lending being most common. It has helped many in India move out of poverty through self-employment opportunities. While microcredit has significantly impacted millions, issues around high interest rates, gender biases, and lack of proper regulation still remain as challenges.
Microfinance provides financial services to small businesses and entrepreneurs who lack access to traditional banking. It can include microcredit (small loans), savings, insurance, and money transfers. While microcredit helps the poor borrow to save and accumulate assets, it often charges high interest rates of 30-70% due to the high transaction costs of small loans. Some microfinance programs instead focus on "saving up" by having collectors regularly collect small savings amounts from clients. Overall, microfinance aims to help the poor raise incomes, build assets, and withstand financial shocks through accessible financial services.
The document provides an overview of microfinance, including its history, definition, key concepts, and common activities. Some of the main points covered include:
1) Microfinance emerged in the 1970s and was pioneered by organizations like Grameen Bank, which provided small loans to poor individuals.
2) It involves providing financial services like credit, savings, and insurance to low-income individuals. This gives them access to capital to invest in businesses or manage cash flows.
3) Common microfinance activities are microcredit, microsavings, microinsurance, and remittances. Products must be designed based on the needs and risks of the target borrower population.
|Page 11
Microfinance has existed informally in India for ages, but the legal framework and institutions to support it have developed over time, starting in the early 20th century. Currently, an estimated 350 million people live below the poverty line in India, but formal microfinance has only reached around 5% of the rural poor. There remains a large unmet demand for financial services among the poor. While microfinance institutions have grown, challenges remain in achieving sufficient scale, access to low-cost funding, developing appropriate legal structures, and balancing financial sustainability with an inclusive development agenda.
micro finance institution analysis in indiarohitsethi69
The document is a presentation on microfinance in India. It discusses the definition of microfinance and provides statistics on microfinance initiatives in India, including the number of districts and clients served. It also notes trends in loan amounts and growth rates. The presentation outlines some of the key issues and challenges faced by microfinance institutions, such as rapid growth and commercialization leading to lower quality services. It concludes by recommending strategies for microfinance institutions to manage risks and maintain proper systems.
Microfinance in India aims to provide financial services to the poor by addressing challenges like risk management, accessibility, lack of collateral, and high transaction costs. Key initiatives include the bank-SHG linkage program, expansion of rural bank branches, and the emergence of microfinance institutions. However, large gaps remain as 500 million people remain unserved. Scaling up microfinance further faces challenges around capital availability, staff training, and technology adoption. New approaches are exploring partnerships, venture capital models, alternate channels like agent networks and internet kiosks, and reducing transaction costs.
This document discusses microfinance and its role in providing financial services to low-income populations. It defines microfinance as the provision of small loans, savings opportunities, and other basic financial services to the poor. Microfinance helps the poor generate income through self-employment and smooth consumption. The major models of microfinance delivery in India are the self-help group (SHG) bank linkage model and non-banking financial companies (NBFCs). The SHG model involves groups of women saving regularly and taking small loans, with banks later providing larger loans. NBFCs encourage joint liability groups (JLGs) and make individual loans to members.
Microfinance provides small loans, savings, insurance and other financial services to low-income individuals who lack access to traditional banking services. In India, microfinance helps the estimated 26-50% of the population that lives below the poverty line, as well as the 87% of poor households without access to formal credit. Common microfinance models in India include self-help groups which pool savings and offer small loans, and the Grameen Bank model of groups of five joint-liability borrowers. The self-help group model dominates microfinance in India, facilitated by the National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development. Microfinance has grown substantially over the last decade but there remains massive unmet demand, as over $30 billion is
This document provides an overview of microfinance in India. It discusses the history and evolution of microfinance, including pioneering organizations like Grameen Bank. It describes the different elements of microfinance like microcredit, microsavings, and microinsurance. It analyzes the various types of organizations that provide microfinance in India, including formal sector banks, semi-formal MFIs, and informal moneylenders. It also examines the growth of the sector, challenges faced, the role of microfinance for women, and its impact in alleviating poverty.
Role of microfinance institution of pakistan for povertyMuhammad ALI RAZA
(1) The document discusses the role of microfinance institutions in Pakistan for poverty alleviation. It analyzes data from a survey of microcredit borrowers from Khushali Bank.
(2) The survey found that 70% of borrowers were female, and microcredit helped fulfill basic needs for 90% and improve children's education for 81% of respondents.
(3) Most borrowers took loans of 20,000-30,000 Pakistani rupees to start small businesses like retail or home enterprises. The loans had moderate interest rates and a one-year repayment period.
This document provides an overview of microfinance in India. It discusses how microfinance provides financial services to low-income individuals who lack access to traditional banking. It notes examples like Mrs. Bharti who was able to start a sewing business after getting a microloan. The document also discusses challenges in the microfinance sector like steady access to capital, heavy dependence on banks/financial institutions, and political sensitivity around interest rates charged. Overall, the document aims to introduce microfinance and its role in empowering the poor in India.
Summer Training Report of Role & Implications of Micro-FinanceFellowBuddy.com
FellowBuddy.com is an innovative platform that brings students together to share notes, exam papers, study guides, project reports and presentation for upcoming exams.
We connect Students who have an understanding of course material with Students who need help.
Benefits:-
# Students can catch up on notes they missed because of an absence.
# Underachievers can find peer developed notes that break down lecture and study material in a way that they can understand
# Students can earn better grades, save time and study effectively
Our Vision & Mission – Simplifying Students Life
Our Belief – “The great breakthrough in your life comes when you realize it, that you can learn anything you need to learn; to accomplish any goal that you have set for yourself. This means there are no limits on what you can be, have or do.”
Like Us - https://www.facebook.com/FellowBuddycom
A PPT ON MICRO FINANCE BY :- GAURAV BHUTGaurav Bhut
Microfinance in India provides financial services to the poor who lack access to traditional banking. It began as social initiatives but is now a profitable sector. Key challenges include high transaction costs due to information asymmetry about clients and their loan usage. Most clients are rural with low literacy and lack collateral. Staff training and motivation are also issues. Government programs and microfinance institutions have expanded access but large gaps remain, with 500 million people still unserved. Future growth requires addressing demand, scaling up, using technology, and offering more products like insurance to increase impact.
FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF MICROFINANCE INSTITUTIONSRupa R
The document provides an introduction and background to a study comparing the financial performance of microfinance institutions (MFIs) in India and Bangladesh. It outlines the research methodology, which involves analyzing seven categories of financial performance indicators for 46 Indian MFIs and 25 Bangladeshi MFIs over 2007-2012 using statistical tools. Hypotheses that performance is similar across countries and does not depend on age or only financial factors will be tested. Multiple regression analysis will examine the influence of institutional characteristics, outreach, financial performance, revenues/expenses, efficiency, and risk on overall performance.
Impact of microfinance on the indian economyMeghana Bhogle
This is a presentation i made for my first year as a management student. An overview of micro-credit and it's advantages as also the various organizations that help facilitate the same
The document provides an industry profile of microfinance institutions (MFIs) in India. It discusses that MFIs provide small loans and other financial services to low-income groups. The microfinance industry in India has experienced rapid growth in recent years, reaching over 200 million customers. However, there remains significant unmet demand as many parts of India remain underserved by MFIs. The industry is fragmented with over 3000 MFIs, though the top 10 companies account for around three-quarters of the total loan portfolio. Continued growth is expected, but regulations and competition will impact the future trajectory of MFIs in India.
The document discusses the future of microfinance in India. It notes that microfinance has expanded rapidly in recent years, with membership in associations growing and loan amounts outstanding increasing significantly from 2001-2004 and 2001-2005 for various microfinance programs and institutions. It also discusses the growing partnership models between banks and MFIs, and innovations in how banks provide funding to MFIs. Going forward, it emphasizes the need for greater financial literacy, product differentiation, and ensuring client empowerment through education on loan terms and conditions.
Microfinance in India has evolved over three phases from 1960 to today:
1) Social banking phase from 1960-1980 focused on expanding rural branch networks.
2) Financial systems approach from 1990-2000 saw the emergence of NGO-MFIs and self-help groups.
3) Current phase of financial inclusion since 2000 features MFIs partnering with diverse entities and increased policy regulation.
The microfinance industry in India is dominated by self-help groups initiated by NABARD and MFIs that emerged in the late 1990s to provide financial services to low-income individuals through mechanisms like group lending.
WOMEN EMPOWERMENT ;ESSAYS FOR I E S . IAS , PHD MPHIL ENTRANCE EXAMSNaresh Sehdev
This document discusses the feminization of poverty in India. It begins by defining poverty and noting that women and girls often experience greater levels of malnutrition within households. It then discusses how women have the highest labor force participation among the poorest households, where they work in insecure, poor jobs in the informal sector due to social norms. Microfinance institutions have introduced strategies like business training and credit access that have contributed to women's empowerment and alleviating poverty. However, the top priority is providing credit to the poorest women to alleviate hunger. The document reviews literature on social exclusion of groups experiencing discrimination and greater poverty as a result. It also discusses Marxist views of women's exploitation through unpaid domestic labor and reproduction.
This document discusses women empowerment through microfinance in India. It provides background on microfinance and how it has evolved in India from subsidized credit programs to self-help groups linked to banks to today's more commercial microfinance institutions. Microfinance is seen as a tool for empowering women economically by providing small loans and other financial services. While microfinance has helped increase access to credit for many poor women, there are debates around how much it truly empowers women versus just alleviating poverty. The document also analyzes trends in women's workforce participation in India and finds it has declined significantly in rural areas in recent decades.
Microfinance programs aimed at empowering women were found to have positive impacts in 3 key areas:
1) Leadership quality improved for 10% of women in loan groups compared to 13.3% in control groups.
2) Mobility increased for 33.3% of women in loan groups versus 30% in control groups.
3) Control over assets grew for 10% of loan group women versus 13.3% of control group women.
women empowerment through micro financesonamjayaswal
The document discusses microfinance and its role in empowering women. Microfinance provides financial services to low-income clients through mechanisms like self-help groups. It aims to increase women's income, access to markets, and participation in household decisions. Studies show microfinance contributes to women's empowerment through increased self-confidence, participation in community and political activities, and decision making power within the household. However, microfinance alone cannot alleviate poverty and programs must address challenges like reinforcing traditional gender roles and increasing women's time burdens to maximize empowerment benefits.
Contribution of microfinance and women empowermentkayirangad
Microfinance contributes to women's empowerment in Rwanda through organizations like Profemmes Twese Hamwe (PTH) and microfinance institutions like Duterimbere. Duterimbere provides credit to empower unemployed women by enabling them to start small businesses. While microcredit has increased women's economic role and decision making, the study found it has not been enough to fully empower women. Challenges include limited business knowledge, education, and loan amounts. Recommendations include expanding services to reach more impoverished groups and improving training programs to better meet clients' needs.
MICRO-FINANCE AND ITS ROLE IN WOMEN EMPOWERMENT Dr. Gopala Y M
This document summarizes a presentation on microfinance and its role in women's empowerment. The presentation covered:
1. The objectives of understanding microfinance concepts and its role in empowering women as well as reviewing related research studies.
2. The history and evolution of microfinance including pioneers like Muhammad Yunus and models like Grameen Bank and self-help groups.
3. Research on how microfinance contributes to women's economic, social, educational and political empowerment through increased incomes, decision making power, and participation in local government.
This document analyzes the performance of women self-help groups (SHGs) supported by Janhit Foundation over three years and assesses the impact on members' households. Key findings include:
1) SHGs have grown in size and mobilized increasing savings and loans over time. Most members have accessed financial services and life insurance.
2) Members have invested loans in livelihood activities, reducing debt, and improving health, education, and assets. Investments and their impacts have increased each year.
3) Participation in SHGs has led to greater involvement in family decisions, confidence, and income for most member households.
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As a result, it is going to take time, investments, overall development of villages and introduction of innovative schemes and policies to change the state of banking in Rural India. There have been several research papers published and survey groups that have tried to explore Rural Banking but the market and economy keeps constantly changing alongside a
lot more about Rural Banking yet to be explored.
We took the above variables in account and developed a theoretical framework containing the dependent and independent variables along with the null and alternate hypotheses that had to be proved true or false depending upon the data collection.
We prepared two questionnaires targeted to Bankers and customers in Rural India to get perspectives and insights from the service providers and from users. Stratified sampling was
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The data collected was analysed using the SPSS software for which a set of analysis techniques were applied and the data was interpreted which helped in proving the corresponding null or alternate hypotheses true as per the requirement of the research.
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2) Rationale of the study
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1. Microfinance
Programmes
and
Women
Empowerment through Capacity Building
A Grass Root Level Study through SHG (Self Help Group) – Tripura Grameen
Bank Linkage in the Rural Areas of Churaibari, Dharmanagar of North Tripura
District, Tripura.
A project report submitted to WBUT in partial fulfillment of
requirement for the award of Master of Business Administration
(MBA).
Submitted by:
Name:- SUBIR NATH
Regd. No:Roll No:-
Supervisors:Mr. Swarnabha Das
Faculty Members in MBA Department
SVIMCS
MBA (3RD SEMESTER)
SWAMI VIVEKANANDA
INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT & COMPUTER SCIENCE
2. DECLARATION
I, the undersigned, hereby declare that the project report entitled
Sales Promotion Submitted by me to the University of WBUT, in
partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of degree of
Master of Business Administration under the guidance of Prof
Amitava Gupta, is my original work and the conclusions drawn
therein are based on the material collected by myself.
The Report submitted is my own work and has not been
duplicated from any other source. I shall be responsible for any
unpleasure moment/situation.
Place:
Date:
Name:
Student
3. Acknowledgement
I would like to convey my sincere thanks to Mrs.Kakoli Gupta, HOD of
SVIMCS for her continuous inspiration.
I wish to take this opportunity to express my deep sense of gratitude to my
joint supervisors Mr. Swarnabha Das, faculty members in MBA Department
of SVIMCS for their precious guidance and help to complete my project
report successfully.
I would like to convey my sincere thanks to Mr.Dipak Saha, Branch
Manager, Churaibari Branch, Tipura Grameen Bank for his valuable
guidance and suggestion.
Last but not least it is my foremost duty to thank all my respondents, who
help me to collect necessary information during the field survey.
REGISTRATION NO: ROLL NO.:-
Date:
Place:
-
-------------------------Subir Nath
4. Table of Contents
Page No.
Executive Summary
Chapter- I: Introduction
Chapter-2: Bank Profile
Chapter-3: Objectives and Hypothesis
3.1 Primary Objective
3.2 Specific Objectives
3.3 Hypotheses
Chapter-4: Survey of Literature
Chapter- 5: Data Collection and Methodology
Chapter- 6: Analysis and Findings
6.1General Profile of the SHG Members as well as their families
6.2 Poverty Level of the families of the SHG Members
6.3 Microfinance and Self Worthiness of the SHG Members
6.4 Socio – economic aspects of the SHG members as well as
their families:
Chapter-7: Conclusion
Annexure-I: Bibliography
Annexure-II: Sample Questionnaire
5. Executive Summary
The Primary objective of the study is to assess the role of microfinance
programmes to empower women SHG members through capacity building
in the rural areas of Churaibari of North Tripura District, Tripura.
For this purpose a local bank, namely Churaibari Branch of Tripura
Grameen Bank has been selected in this study.
Specific Objectives:
1. To find out whether any role of microfinance programmes in the Self
worthiness of the SHG members in the Post-SHG situation;
2. To find out whether any role of microfinance programmes in the
decision making process of the family of SHG (with reference to
children education and marriage) members in Post-SHG situations;
3.
To find out whether any role of microfinance programmes towards
the socio – economic empowerment of the SHG members as well as
their families between Pre and Post-SHG situations;
Hypotheses:
1. H01:
There is same attitudes of the SHG members in the decision
making process of the family between Pre and Post-SHG situations;
6. 2. H02:
There is no difference in the variation of
socio-economic
indicators between Pre and Post – SHG situations;
This study is based on both primary and secondary data. The primary
data has been collected from the field survey in the different rural areas
of Churaibari of North Tripura District, Tripura. For this purpose both
open-ended and close-ended questionnaires have been prepared to
collect necessary information to justify whether any role of
microfinance programmes to empower women through capacity
building. The survey has been conducted from the month of August to
October, 2013.
On the other hand, secondary data relating to general information about
the selected SHGs Leaders has been collected from the internal records
of the Churaibari Branch of Tripura Grameen Bank. Beside these few
information has also been collected from the internet, journals,
magazines, news papers and books etc to gather knowledge about
microfinance programmes in India through SHG-Bank Linkage and
Women Empowerment.
In this study Stratified Random sampling technique has been used for
the collection of primary data as well as for testing hypothesis between
Pre and Post SHG situations. The Churaibari Branch of Tripura
Grameen Bank, North Tripura. District has been able to form 50 SHGs
7. in the year 2013-14 (up to the end of May). Out of these 50 SHGs, 25
SHGs comprise entirely women and of whom 10 SHGs have been
selected randomly in this study.
These 10 SHGs consist of 126
members. The collected data has been summarized in a ‘Master Sheet’
in such a systematic manner that can fulfill the objectives of the study.
However the summarized data has been analyzed with the help of
Mathematical and statistical tools like Percentage, Mean, Standard
Deviation and paired two samples for T - test by using the software
(Minitab 15.0).
Major Findings
1. All the SHG Members reported that they had no involvement in the
decision making process of the family regarding children marriage and
education in the Pre-SHG.
2. Out of 126 SHG members, 100% improvement has been regarding
feelings of freeness to talk and their involvement in decision making
process of the family regarding children education and marriage in the
Post-SHG .
3. The better significant improvement has found in the variation of Drinking
Water provision between Pre and Post-SHG situations since t = (-) 9.58,
Mean difference = (-) 0.6508, Standard Deviation difference = 0.7623 with
0.05 significant level.
8. 4. The better significant improvement has found in the variation of Sanitation
Facilities between Pre and Post-SHG situations since t = (-) 11.08, Mean
difference = (-) 0.6984, Standard Deviation difference = 0.7073 with 0.05
significant level.
5. The better significant improvement has found in the variation of Square
Milk per Day between Pre and Post-SHG situations since t = (-) 5.07, Mean
difference = (-) 0.4127, Standard Deviation difference = 0.9145 with 0.05
significant level.
6. The better significant improvement has found in the variation of better Dress
Quality between Pre and Post-SHG situations since t = (-) 8.11, Mean
difference = (-) 0.5873, Standard Deviation difference = 0.8126 with 0.05
significant level.
7. The better significant improvement has found in the variation of Personal as
well as family Income Level of the between Pre and Post-SHG situations
since t = (-) 10.00, Mean difference = (-) 0.6667, Standard Deviation
difference = 0.7483 with 0.05 significant level.
8. The better significant improvement has found in the variation of Household
Savings Pre and Post-SHG situations since t = (-) 10.91, Mean difference =
(-) 0.6984, Standard Deviation difference = 0.7187 with 0.05 significant
level.
9. 9. The better significant improvement has found in the variation Change in
assets ownership between Pre and Post-SHG situations since t = (-) 9.58,
Mean difference = (-) 0.6508, Standard Deviation difference = 0.7623 with
0.05 significant level.
Chapter – 1
Introduction
The Microfinance Programmes through SHGs (Self Help Groups) – Bank
Linkage have
been launched by the Government of India as a strategy of poverty alleviation and rural
development. The pioneering efforts at this has been made by National Bank for Agriculture
and Rural Development (NABARD) and Small Industries Development Bank of India
(SIDBI) which is vested with the task of framing appropriate policy for rural credit, provision
of technical assistance backed liquidity support to banks, supervision of rural credit
institutions and other development initiatives. The scenarios of supply of formal financial
access to financial services are services within India constraint for the poor not interest rates.
Microfinance refers to small scale financial services including both credits and deposits
provide to people who were engaged in farming or fishing or herd; operate small or
microenterprises where goods are produced, recycled, repaired or traded, provide services:
work for wages or commissions: gain income for renting out small amount of land, vehicles,
draft animal or machinery and tools in both rural and urban areas There is a basic difference
between Microcredit and Microfinance. The microcredit caters to commercial needs of poor
for enabling them to raise their income levels and to improve standard of living”. Thus in
microcredit more emphasis is on loans, while microfinance also includes support services
where people open up channels for thrift, market assistance, technical assistance, capacity
10. building, insurance, social and cultural programmes etc. So where microcredit is ‘only credit’
there microfinance is ‘credit plus. The main theme of Microfinance Programmes are that
where poor people do not have access to normal bank loans for income generating activities,
Microfinance extends small loans to very poor people for self employment purpose. It enables
the poorest of the poor, especially the women to generate income for them as well as for their
families.
The SHG is the basic constituent of microfinance programmes in India. SHG is a group
of 10 to 20 members usually poor and often women who voluntarily organize
themselves for the eradication of poverty. The SHG is generally formed by a name.
Member make small regular saving contributions over a few months until there is
enough capital in the group to being lending The members of the group agree to save
regularly a very nominal amount of money (say Re.1 per day per member) and pool
their savings into a fund known as ‘Corpus Fund’ from which they can borrow up to
4:1 ratio (i.e. maximum loan amount is a multiple of the total funds deposited in the
group account) as and when necessary for their income generating purpose. Such a
group is linked with a bank, where the group maintains a savings account. After 6
months of the group formation bank begins to lend money to the group as a unit
without collateral, relying on self-monitoring and peer-pressure within the group for
repayment of the loans. Sometimes the group can withdraw the deposited amount from
the savings account for their inter-loaning purpose. Every group is directed by group
leader and deputy leader who are elected by casting vote of the other group members.
Generally they maintain the meeting resolution, record books and register and act as
coordinators between the bank and
the group.
11. Chapter-2:-
Profile of Tripura gramin Bank
Tripura Gramin Bank was set up with four branches on 21st December,
1976under the Regional Rural Bank Act. 1976 in the state of Tripura. Since its
existence, the Tripura Gramin Bank is dedicated to the amelioration of the
socio-economic condition of the rural people of the state.
The state of Tripura is one of the North-Eastern States of India having an area
of 4051 sq. mile or 10491.69 sq. km. and a population of 36,71,032 with
18,71,867 males and 17,99,165 females as per 2011 census. Tripura is almost
surrounded by international borders having a road-link through Assam with the
rest of the country. Despite various constraints like geographical and
infrastructural impediments, Tripura Gramin Bank has been playing a pivotal
role for the welfare of the people of the State for last 35 years and has
established its firm position and has been enjoying the confidence of the
people.
Since the economy of the state is basically agrarian, the development what so
ever is based on agriculture apart from a segment of village and cottage
industries . Tripura Gramin Bank has now become an inseparable part of state
economy for its commitment and contribution to the process of economic upliftment of the poor and downtrodden people of the state. Beside normal
banking business, Tripura Gramin Bank is also extending diversified services
like payment of monthly salary to a larger section of the employees of the state
Govt., TTAADC and School Teachers. More than 125000 nos. of NREGA’s
and 50000 old age pension payment also made through the bank. Other services
including collection of Tripura Sales Tax and value of Food grains from F. P.
12. Shop dealers on behalf of the State Govt. is being done by the bank since long.
Tripura Gramin Bank has been seriously implementing the latest R. B. I.
guideline on financial inclusion where in extremely poor people are encouraged
for opening their SB A/C with ‘O’Balance . They are also provided O/D Loan
to meet their credit requirement in a hassle free manner . Bank has also taken
step for issuance of G. C. C. to deserving candidates up to Rs.25000/= without
insisting for collateral security.
Tripura Gramin Bank has been attaching topmost priority in implementation of
micro credit, particularly direct lending to SHG Groups form mostly by women
entrepreneurs.
BANK PERFORMANCE
TRIPURA
GRAMIN
BANK
Head Office: Abhoynagar
Date of Establishment: 21/12/1976
Performance of the Bank at a glance
( Amtt. In thousand of Rs. )
A.
Key Performance
Indicators
1No. of districts covered
2No. of Branches
2009-2010
2010-2011
2011-2012
4
4
4
111
113
123
a) Rural
82
84
91
b) Semi – Urban
20
20
22
9
9
10
651
669
680
267
292
299
20501938`
22543010
27747322
22.03%
9.96%
23.09%
755771
1052696
1446469
28.83%
39.29%
37.41%
7996476
9940126
11758236
20.67%
24.31%
18.29%
5768953
6550737
8291488
c) Urban
3Total Staff
Of which , Officers
4Deposit
Growth %
5Borrowing Outstanding
Growth %
6Gross Loans & Advance
Outstanding
Growth %
Of 6.above , loans to
Priority Sector
13. Of 6.above , loans to
Non-Target Group
2227523
3389389
3466748
Of 6.above , loans to
SC/ST
3010873
3971258
4965458
Of 6.above , loans to
SF/MF/AL
1284828
1928384
2209738
Of 6.above , loans to
Minorities
417684
563841
798153
39.00%
44.09%
42.38%
11294810
11201810
15548862
57.17%
-8.23%
38.80%
SLR Investment
Outstanding
3282090
3722943
3882350
Non-SLR Investment
Outstanding
8012720
7478867
11666512
7CD Ratio
8Investment Outstanding
Growth %
B.
12
2011-2012
17368098
20841751
25375974
57.48%
20.00%
21.76%
Average Borrowings
661955
926048
1249582
49.65%
39.90%
34.94%
Average Gross Loans &
Advance
7091818
8457239
9554965
Growth %
11
2010-2011
Growth %
10
2009-2010
Growth %
9
Averages
41.79%
19.25%
12.98%
Average Investments
4792769
7057500
9681932
Average Deposits
Growth %
3.61%
47.25%
37.19%
Average SLR Invt. As %
to Avg. Deposit
16.89%
17.38%
18.37%
Average Non-SLR Invt.
As % to Avg. Deposit
10.70%
16.48%
19.26%
21371262
25194580
29175612
2714160
3574022
5404483
9.37%
31.68%
51.22%
Of 14 above , loans to
Priority Sector
2010717
2629207
2362585
Of 14 above , loans to
Non-Priority Sector
703443
944815
1741898
Of 14 above , loans to
SC/ST
1245708
1935159
1767098
13
Average Working Funds
C.
LOANS ISSUED DURING THE YEAR
14
Loans Issued during the
year
Growth %
14. Of 14 above , loans to
SF/MF/AL
670301
1029209
1127246
Of 14 above , loans to
Minorities
51282
114913
276931
28498376
32483136
39510802
256742
287461
321226
43776
48555
58104
As on
As on
As on
June,2009
June,2010
June,2011
Demand
2239332
2702000
6214058
Recovery
1621670
2155029
4719577
Overdue
617662
545303
1494481
Recovery %
72.42%
79.76%
75.95%
D.
PRODUCTIVITY
15
Total Business
Per Branch
Per Staff
E.
RECOVERY PERFORMANCE
16
Total
15. TRIPURA GRAMIN BANK SPECIAL PROGRAMMES:
i)
Agricultural credit:-
Consequent upon the pronouncement made by the Hon’ble Finance
Minister in Parliament during June, 2004 for doubling of Agriculture credit
in 3 years, the bank had drawn a perspective plan aiming at the very
objective. Accordingly, the target for the year in Agriculture Sector had
been recast and refixed. TGB only amongst all banks in Tripura
successfully achieved the target for the year in this sector.
The performance of the bank for last two years is depicted in a table
below.
Year
Target Achievement % of Achievement
2009-2010 636133 670301
105.38%
2010-2011 1083131 694608
64.13%
ii) Fresh Disbursement of loans and advances Annual
Credit Plan(ACP):The bank prepared its Annual Credit Plan for the year of report 2010-2011
considering the different important aspects like potentiality, viability,
marketability, availability of resources etc. Due to constant follow-up and
close monitoring, the bank could remarkably achieve the target of ACP for
the year 2010-2011 Against the target of R.2925709 thousand for fresh
lending under priority sector the bank extended credit to the tune of
R.2629207 thousand which constitutes 89.87% achievement of the ACP.
The sector wise target and achievement of ACP under priority sector for
2010-2011 are shown in the following table.
Sector
Target
Achievement % of achievement
16. No. Amount No. Amount
Agri. & Allied Activities 15000 1083131 19608 694608 64.13%
Industry
2000 301799 1536 124538 41.27%
Service
20000 1540779 13382 1810061 117.48%
TOTAL37000 2925709 34526 2629207 89.87%
iii) OUR PRIORITY AREAS:
Tripura Garmin Bank has been seriously implementing the latest R. B. I.
guideline on financial inclusion where in extremely poor people are encouraged
for opening their SB A/C with ‘O’ Balance. They are also provided O/D Loan
to meet their credit requirement in a hassle free manner. Bank has also taken
step for issuance of G. C. C. to deserving candidates up to Rs.25000/= without
insisting for collateral security.
To make rural farmers eligible for fresh credit R. B. I. formulated scheme on
O.T.S. is being implemented in large scale.
Due to customer friendly service rendered by the staff members , TGB has been
able to earn the confidence of all sections of people of the state.
TGB also provides the following services.
Issuance of KCC.
Issuance of GCC.
Issuance of SCC.
Swabalamban (Self Employment Scheme formulated by the State
Government).
KVIC Margin Money Scheme.
SGSY Scheme.
Nabard Scheme on Venture Capital, Dairy, Poultry etc.
Rain Water Harvesting.
Farm Mechanization.
17. Various Agri& Allied activities.
iv) Kisan Credit Card (KCC):
The bank has been giving top priority on implementation of KCC scheme
through all of its branches to bring maximum number of farmers within the
ambit of this programme for ensuring timely and hassle free credit dispensation.
During the year 2010-2011 , the bank issued 18167 no’s of KCC while 12362
Nos. were issued in last year. The total number of KCC issued by the bank since
inceptions is 70871 Nos. with over all credit limit of Rs.1227841 thousand.
v) Financial Conclusion:The essence of financial inclusion is in trying to ensure that a range of
appropriate financial service is made available to every individual and enabling
them to understand and access those services. National Rural Financial Inclusion
Plan (NRFIP) envisages a target to provide access to comprehensive financial
services to at least 50% of rural cultivators and non-cultivator households across
different stages by 2012 in which RRBs have immense responsibility to
shoulder. Under the plan a minimum target of covering 250 new cultivators and
non cultivators per annum per branch has been envisaged.
The bank pledges its commitment to carry out its responsibility, in keeping with
the policy of the Government, of including marginal farmers, landless labourers,
oral lessees, self employed and unorganized sector enterprises, ethnic minorities
and socially excluded groups, senior citizen and women into the fold of various
financial services offered by it. As a mark of commitment at all the branches of
the bank during the reporting period, a number of initiatives have been taken.
The performance of the bank under various financial services offered by it, are
given hereunder:
No-frill A/C opened during the (2010- A/C opened in “0” Balance since
2011)
inception
28684
298699
Small Overdraft loan issued against No-frill account holders:
18. O/D sanctioned during the year
Cumulative O/D
(2010-2011)
sanctioned
A/C
Amount
A/C
Amount
4123
5860
16811
8775
General Credit Card / Swarojgar Credit Card:
No. of Card issued
No. of Card issued
Particulars during the year (2010- Amount
(Cumulative Position)
2011)
GCC
1410
27884 12756
157655
SCC
54
3421
459
45843
Loan to indebted Farmer (Including Debt Swap Scheme)
No. of Villages adopted
117
Loans O/s. Loans Issued
A/C Amount A/C Amount
289 5421
289 5197
VI) SELF-HELPS GROUPS (SHG):The Bank has given special thrust on organization of Self Help Groups with a
view to developing awareness among the rural masses especially the women
folk about fulfillment of their urgent credit needs in a better way. The bank has
been trying to involve all the branches in SHG credit linkage programme with
the very purpose of extending effective credit flow to that section of people who
are still outside the ambit of institutional finance. The performance of TGB in
regard to deposit linkage and credit linkage of SHGs is so far remarkable as
compared to other banks in Tripura.
During the reporting year 397 Nos. of Self Help Groups were formed and the
total cumulative no. of SHG stood at 16229 Nos. at the end of the year. All
groups are maintaining SB A/c with our bank branches and aggregate balance
reached to R.271943 thousand as on 31.03.2011. Out of 16229 Nos. of SHGs
19. 11209 Nos. are women groups. 9535 Nos. of SHGs have been credit linked by
the bank directly up to the end of the reporting year with total credit limit of
R.229224 thousand. Besides direct credit linkage, the bank has provided
Revolving Fund to 7463 Nos. SHGs with aggregate credit limit of R.154277
thousand up to the end of this year. The bank has also provided project finance
after 2nd Gradation to 5289 SHGs with credit limit amounting R.1468105
thousand under SGSY during the reporting year.
VII) INCOME RECOGNITION AND ASSET
CLASSIFICATION:The assets of the bank were classified properly following prudential norms of
accounting prescribed by the Reserve Bank of India .The standard assets
(performing loans and advances)of the bank increased to R.9731736 thousand at
the end of the year, 2010-2011 which constitutes 97.90% of gross loans and
advances showing a growth of 26.25% over previous year.
The bank provided requisite amount for provision as per category of assets in
compliance to provisioning norms of RBI.
The statutory Auditors being satisfied have also certified the classification of
assets, income recognition and provision made by the bank.
20. TRIPURA GRAMIN BANK's MAN POWER:
STAFF STRENGTH OF TRIPURA GRAMIN
BANK
Manpower in Regional Rural Bank has been re-categorized & renamed as per Govt. of India
norms.
CHAIRMAN
General Manager
Senior Manager
Head of Department (at HO)
Regional Manager
Senior Branch Manager
Senior Manager
Manager
Assistant Manager
Office Assistant
Office Attendant
Appointed from
Sponsor Bank
Presently Deputed from
1Sponsor Bank
25
6
3
11
(IT-1; INSP-1;DEV51;RSETI-1;C&R-1)
(Branch Manager &
Manager attached to
136various Deptt.)
(Branch Manager,
Deputy Manager &
341Attached Officer)
(Clerical Cadre, Cashier,
246Typist etc.)
(Messenger-cum-Peon,
70Driver etc.)
21. STAFF POSITION AS ON 28-08-2013
Category
Senior Manager/ Regional Manager/ Senior Branch Manager
Nos.
25
Manager
136
Assistant Manager
341
Office Assistant
246
Office Attendant
70
Total
818
BOARD OF DIRECTORS
SRI. UPENDRA SABAR,
CHAIRMAN, TGB
SRI.SANJAY RANJAN DAS,
CHIEF MANAGER,
UBI HO, KOLKATA
SRI. PRAKSHIT SUBUDDHI
SRI. L.N.ROKHUM (IAS),
DGM & CRM
UNITED BANK OF INDIA
TRIPURA REGIONAL OFFICE
DIRECTOR,
INSTITUTIONAL FINANCE,
GOVT. OF TRIPURA,
AGARTALA
22. SRI. S.R.DAS,
NOMINEE DIRECTOR,
SRI. KIRAN GITTE,
DISTRICT MAGISTRATE
(WEST TRIPURA)
SRI. KAJAL DAS,
NOMINEE DIRECTOR,
GOVT. OF INDIA
GOVT. OF INDIA
SRI.K. CHAKRABORTY,
DGM,RBI,
AGARTALA OFFICE
SRI.ASHOK MISRA
DGM, NABARD
TRIPURA REGIONAL OFFICE
Chapter – 3
Objectives and Hypothesis
(3.1) Primary Objective:
The Primary objective of the study is to assess the role of microfinance
programmes to empower women SHG members through capacity building in the
rural areas of Churaibari, Dharmanagar of North Tripura District, and Tripura.
23. For this purpose a local bank, namely Churaibari Branch of Tripura Garmin
Bank has been selected in this study.
(3.2) Specific Objectives:
4. To find out whether any role of microfinance programmes in the Self
worthiness of the SHG members in the Post-SHG situation;
5. To find out whether any role of microfinance programmes in the
decision making process of the family of SHG (with reference to
children education and marriage) members in Post-SHG situations;
6.
To find out whether any role of microfinance programmes towards
the socio – economic empowerment of the SHG members as well as
their families between Pre and Post-SHG situations;
(3.3) Hypotheses:
3. H01:
There is same attitudes of the SHG members in the decision
making process of the family between Pre and Post-SHG situations;
4. H02:
There is no difference in the variation of
indicators between Pre and Post – SHG situations;
socio-economic
24. Chapter-4:
Survey of Literature
The female borrowers in microfinance programmes are able to generate
employment at a rate equal to or greater than men, because employment stability
is greater in female-operated enterprises is also significant in poor countries in
which the loss of a job can have negative impact for family welfare (Wydick,
25. 2002). A positive impact on employment and household welfare is observed as
the target members are becoming financially dependent on microfinance
programme. The programme has greatly benefited women in the rural areas and
semi-urban areas, where specific targets have been set for their empowerment
(Makina and Malobola, 2004). The microfinance offers an important and
effective means to achieving change on a number of different fronts, economic,
social and perhaps also political. The success of microfinance organizations in
building up the organizational capacity of poor women provides the basis for
their social mobilization that many other development interventions have not
been able to achieve (Kabeer, 2005). The women’s participation in microcredit
programs helps to increase women’s empowerment. Credit programs lead to
women taking a greater role in household decision making, having greater access
to financial and economic resources, having greater social networks, having
greater bargaining power vis-a-vis their husbands, and having greater freedom of
mobility. The effects of male credit on women’s empowerment were generally
negative. The presence of male microcredit programs had a negative effect on an
overall measure of empowerment for eligible households and specifically on
women’s control of resources, finance, freedom of movement and development
of networks, and on fertility and parenting decisions (Pitt; Khandker and
Cartwright, 2006). The SHG-bank linkage programme in India has a greater
economic impact on households, with increases in income and decline in
vulnerability. There is significant impact on SHG households in terms of control,
26. management ability, self-confidence, change in behaviour and decision-making.
Apart from social empowerment, the SHG households also demonstrate greater
awareness and participation in local politics. However, the impact is not reflected
in certain key decisions, such as, no significant changes are observed in the
decision-making power of women in the field of adopting family planning
measures or buying and selling of land (Swain, 2006). There is a significant
increase in the women empowerment of the SHG members group. No such
significant change is observed however, for the members of the control group.
The SHG members are empowered by participating in the microfinance program
in the sense that they have a greater propensity to resist existing gender norms
and culture that restricts their ability to develop and make choices (Swain and
Wallentin, 2007). The case study reveals that the SC/STs have significantly
improved their ability to collectively bargain, to plan projects and to organize
group activities besides improving their social position within their own groups
and within the wider community. An unexpected finding is the poor economic
empowerment measured in terms of improvement in assets and income and
significantly positive results has been found. There is general improvement in
the borrowing capability for majority of the poor. Even so, reckoned in terms of
leadership empowerment increase in self confidence and general gender rights
awareness building have an impressive record especially among SC/ST groups.
The several successful cases have been shared with this study include those of a
young woman who lost her earning husband leaving the burden of educating and
27. marrying children on her, a woman whose husband is a drunkard and who also
lost the only male child and a woman who now lives a positive life having
escaped a suicide attempt. They are recorded here because, to show how Self –
help group based microfinance does supply significant bonding ‘social capital’
along with credit support (Oommen, 2008). The empirical study strongly support
the role of economic factors and financial confidence gained from participation in
the SHG program in empowering women. Management and behavioural changes
within the respondent and the household are other important factors leading to
empowerment of women. For the control group however, only managerial
decision-making and behaviour is significant factors (Swain and Wallentin,
2008). The empirical results show that rural women in the studied areas have well
been empowered through microfinance programme. The empowerment has been
measured on the basis of four criterions such as increment in income, upliftment
of standard of living, improvement in literacy level and ability to take major
economic decisions in the family. But SHG members have not been able to earn
income equally in the Post-SHG situation due to the lack of organized local
markets (Das; Mukherjee and Dutta, 2009). The empirical results also show that
women group members as well as their families have well been empowered
economically and socially through the microfinance programme (Das; Dey and
Dutta, 2009). The group based microfinance interventions has a positive impact
on the socio- economic development of poor villagers in Orissa. The empirical
results show that group based microfinance impacted the client household
28. positively in the increase of income, assets position, savings, and literacy and in
the reduction of migration. The expenditure pattern was altered for households
who participated in the group based microfinance intervention where more
impact was on the expenditure on productive assets and household consumables
followed by house construction and repair. The impact was the least but positive
in the case of the food expenditure (Panda, 2009). The empirical study reveals
that female SHGs performed better in terms of loan recovery than other types of
SHGs. The female SHGs also stood out as doing extremely well in financial
management practices such as maintaining book accounts and pass books and
updating them regularly. On the issue of sustainability of SHGs as explained by
long-term performance, the econometrics results reveal that only female SHGs
were sustainable. The all-female SHGs were sustainable because they were more
focused and united, adhere to basic objectives of groups, utilize borrowed funds
for different productive activities, and are highly concerned about the well-being
of their children and family members. Further, female SHG members took
membership in the group as a means to educate themselves and confront social,
political, and economic problems. On the other hand, members of all-male SHGs
have ego problems, work for their own interest, and do not follow the basic
objectives and goals of group formation. As a result, they are most irregular in
loan repayments and perform badly in economic and managerial activities (Parida
and Sinha, 2010). The empirical results show that microfinance brought
psychological and social empowerment than economic empowerment. The
29. respondents are well empowered than their counterparts. Age and education is
not having any influence on empowerment as well as on managerial skill
development among rural women. Impact of micro finance is appreciable in
bringing confidence, courage, skill development and empowerment but there is
no positive impact in sustainable rural development especially reduction of
poverty, creation of employment opportunities and creation of assets in rural
areas. There is appreciable development in planning, coordination, decision
making and financial skills among the leader respondents. But the effect of
microfinance on communication, organizing, competency and technical,
marketing skills and entrepreneurial skills is moderate only. There is a definite
improvement of managerial skills; psychological well being and social
empowerment among rural women as a result of participating in microfinance
through SHG programme (Rajendran and Raya, 2010).
However some of the researchers have concluded the positive impact of the
microfinance on the socio-economic empowerment of the poor people in India
and across the world. At the same time some other researchers found that the
microfinance interventions had little impact, where as other researchers found out
the negative impact of microfinance. So the positive impact of microfinance can
not be generalized and universally accepted. The most of the researchers had
conducted the impact assessment studies of microfinance through SHG – Bank
30. Linkage towards the empowerment of the poor people between Pre and PostSHG situations.
Chapter – 5
Data Collection and Methodology
This study is based on both primary and secondary data. The primary data
has been collected from the field survey in the different rural areas of
Churaibari of North Tripura District of Tripura. For this purpose both open-
31. ended and close-ended questionnaires have been prepared to collect
necessary information to justify whether any role of microfinance
programmes to empower women through capacity building. The survey has
been conducted from the month of June to August , 2013.
On the other hand, secondary data relating to general information about the
selected SHGs Leaders has been collected from the internal records of the
Churaibari Branch of Tripura Grameen Bank. Beside these few information
has also been collected from the internet, journals, magazines, news papers
and books etc to gather knowledge about microfinance programmes in India
through SHG-Bank Linkage and Women Empowerment.
In this study Stratified Random sampling technique has been used for the
collection of primary data as well as for testing hypothesis between Pre and
Post SHG situations. The Churaibari Branch of Tripura Grameen Bank.,
North Tripura District has been able to form 50 SHGs in the year 2011-12
(up to the end of July). Out of these 50 SHGs, 25 SHGs comprise entirely
women and of whom 10 SHGs have been selected randomly in this study.
These 10 SHGs consist of 126 members. The collected data has been
summarized in a ‘Master Sheet’ in such a systematic manner that can fulfill
the objectives of the study.
However the summarized data has been
analyzed with the help of Mathematical and statistical tools like Percentage,
32. Mean, Standard Deviation and paired two samples for T - test by using the
software (Minitab 15.0).
Chapter- 6
Analysis and Findings
6.1 General Profile of the SHG Members as well as their families
Sample Size: 126
33. 1.Literacy level(Pre -SHG)
Literate
Illiterate
Literacy level(Post- SHG)
Literate
Illiterate
2.Maritial Status
Married
Unmarried
3.Caste
Upper
Backward
4.Nature of the families
Single
Joint
5.Types of house
Concrete
Tiles
Sheet
26%
74%
80%
20%
98%
2%
38%
62%
98%
2%
3%
14%
83%
Analysis and finding;
1. According to the field survey in the territory of Churaibari Branch of Tripura
Grameen Bank., out of 126 SHG members literate is 26% and illiterate is 74% in
pre-SHG situation. Other side post-SHG situation, literate is 80% and illiterate is
20%. Out of 126 SHG members Upper cast is 38% and backward caste is 62%.
Out of 126 SHG members married is 98 %and unmarried is 2 %.Out of 126 SHG
members Nature of their families is single 98% and 2% is joint. Out of the 126
SHG members the types of house of the SHG members is 3% Concrete, 14% is
tiles and 83% is Sheet.
34. 6.2 Poverty Level of the families of the SHG Members
Sample Size: 126
Poverty level of
the family
Yes
No
Pre-SHG
Post-SHG
90%
10%
4%
96%
Analysis and finding;
1. Out of 126 SHG members the 90% families had poverty level and 10%
had no poverty Level in Pre-SHG Situation. On the other hand presently
4% families has poverty level and 96% has no poverty level in the post-SHG
situation.
6.3 Dimensions of Microfinance and Self Worthiness of the SHG Members
Yes
After joining the
No
35. SHG do you feel
free?
After joining the
SHG whether
your involvement
in the decision
making process
of your children
education,
marriage and
family affairs in
increased?
100%
0%
100%
0%
Analysis and finding:
1. All the SHG Members reported that they had no involvement in the
decision making process of the family regarding children marriage and
education in the Pre-SHG.
2. Out of 126 SHG members, 100% improvement has been regarding
feelings of freeness to talk and their involvement in decision making
process of the family regarding children education and marriage in the
Post-SHG .
6.4 Socio – economic aspects of the SHG members as well as their families:
Indicators
i) Drinking
Mean
difference
(-) 0.6508
S.D
deference
0.7623
T
value
(-)9.58
Signifiance
level
0.05
36. Water Provision
ii) Sanitation
facilities
iii) Square Meal
Per day
iv) Cloth (Dress
Quality)
v) Increase in
Personal as well
as Family
Income
vi) Increase in
Household
Savings
vii) Change in
Asset
Ownership
(-) 0.6984
0.7073
(-)11.08
0.05
(-) 0.4127
0.9145
(-)5.07
0.05
(-)0.5873
0.8126
(-)8.11
0.05
(-)0.6667
0.7483
(-)10
0.05
(-)0.6984
0.7187
(-)10.91
0.05
(-)0.6984
0.7187
(-)10.91
0.05
Analysis and finding:
1. The better significant improvement has found in the variation of Drinking
Water provision between Pre and Post-SHG situations since t = (-) 9.58,
Mean difference = (-) 0.6508, Standard Deviation difference = 0.7623 with
0.05 significant level.
2. The better significant improvement has found in the variation of Sanitation
Facilities between Pre and Post-SHG situations since t = (-) 11.08, Mean
difference = (-) 0.6984, Standard Deviation difference = 0.7073 with 0.05
significant level.
3. The better significant improvement has found in the variation of Square
Milk Per Day between Pre and Post-SHG situations since t = (-) 5.07, Mean
37. difference = (-) 0.4127, Standard Deviation difference = 0.9145 with 0.05
significant level.
4. The better significant improvement has found in the variation of better Dress
Quality between Pre and Post-SHG situations since t = (-) 8.11, Mean
difference = (-) 0.5873, Standard Deviation difference = 0.8126 with 0.05
significant level.
5. The better significant improvement has found in the variation of Personal as
well as family Income Level of the between Pre and Post-SHG situations
since t = (-) 10.00, Mean difference = (-) 0.6667, Standard Deviation
difference = 0.7483 with 0.05 significant level.
6. The better significant improvement has found in the variation of Household
Savings Pre and Post-SHG situations since t = (-) 10.91, Mean difference =
(-) 0.6984, Standard Deviation difference = 0.7187 with 0.05 significant
level.
7. The better significant improvement has found in the variation Change in
assets ownership between Pre and Post-SHG situations since t = (-) 9.58,
Mean difference = (-) 0.6508, Standard Deviation difference = 0.7623 with
0.05 significant level.
Chapter – 7
38. Conclusion
It has observed that along with economic empowerment, group members are well being
empowered socially in the Post-SHG, which ensures the optimum standard of living of
the group members. One of the important aspects of microfinance programme is to
establish rights, status and decision making ability of women in the family. No group
members had decision making ability in the family in the Pre-SHG. But microfinance
programme has changed the scenario and able to fulfill the objective of the programme.
Now all the group members are taking decisions relating to children education and
marriage. All the SHG members told that they had no feelings freely to talk in society,
but now they have achieved this feeling after joining the SHG. Another major aspect of
the microfinance programme is to develop the backward, oppressed, under privileged
and deprived classes in the society. The microfinance programme has also been able to
attain this objective in the study area since maximum number of group members belong
from the backward section of the society. During the field survey the group members
told that they were dependent on the informal money lenders in the Pre-SHG. Now they
are freed from the clutches of informal money lenders through microfinance
programme. However, rural women in the study area have well been empowered
economically and socially through the microfinance programme.
39. Annexure – I
Bibliography:
1.
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through SHG-Bank Linkage: An empirical study towards the socio-economic
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Management (Special Issue), 113-124.
2.
Das, S; Mukherjee, S and Dutta, S.K. (2009). Microfinance programme through
SHG-Bank Linkage and Rural Development: A micro-level comparitive study
towards the empowerment of poor people, especially women in the rural areas of
Burdwan and Birbhum Districts of West Bengal. 92nd Annual Conference
Volume; Structural Reforms and Agriculture. II, pp. 217-236. Bhubaneshwar:
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Kabeer, N. (2005, October). Is microfinance a 'Magic Bullet' for women's
empowerment?: Analysis of Findings from South Asia. Economic and Political
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4.
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programmes, including lessons from Khula Enterprise Finance. Development
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40. 5.
Oommen, M. (2008, April). Microfinance and Poverty Alleviation: The case of
Kerala's Kudumbashree. Working Paper2008:17;Centre for Socio-Economic and
Environmental Studies , 1-15.
6.
Panda, D. (2009). Participation in the group based Microfinance and its Impact
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7.
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8.
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women? : Evidence from Self Help Groups in India. Working Paper Series
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489-509.
42. Annexure – II
Sample Questionnaire
(The information collected from the respondent will strictly be used for
academic purpose only)
1) Name of the Group member:
2) Name of the group:
3) Education:
Pre-SHG: (a) Literate (Specify Level of Education:
) (b) Illiterate
Post-SHG: (a) Literate (Specify Level of Education:
) (b) Illiterate
4) Marital Status: (a) Married (b) Unmarried (c) Separated (d) Widow (e)
Separated
5) Caste: (a) Upper caste (b) Backward caste (Specify:
6) Nature of the Family:
7) Type of the House:
)
(a) Single (b) Joint
(a) Concrete
(b) Thatched (c) Tiles (d) Sheet
8) Poverty level of the respondent: Pre-SHG: Yes / No
Post-SHG: Yes / No
9. Microfinance and Self Worthiness of the SHG members:
i.
ii.
After joining the SHG do you feel free?
(a) Yes (b) No
After joining the SHG whether your involvement in the decision making
process of your children education, marriage and family affairs in
increased? (a) Yes (b) No
43. 10. Socio – economic aspects of the SHG members as well as their families:
Pre-SHG
Post-SHG
Drinking Water Provision
Yes
No
Yes
No
Sanitation facilities
Yes
No
Yes
No
Square Meal Per day
Yes
No
Yes
No
Asset Ownership Change
Yes
No
Yes
No
Increase in Income
Yes
No
Yes
No
Increase in Savings
Yes
No
Yes
No
Change in Dress Quality
Yes
No
Yes
No
11. Whether are you facing any problem after joining Microfinance
Programme? Yes / No
a) Please mention the different types of problems:
i)
ii)
b) Do you have any suggestion towards the Bank to promote Microfinance
programme in better way? Please mention
i)
ii)