This document provides a conceptual framework for women's empowerment through self-help groups (SHGs) based on prior research. It discusses how SHGs can empower women economically and socially. Several researchers are cited who found that SHGs increase income generation, asset accumulation, and social participation for women. However, some note SHGs may have less impact on the extremely poor and more formal education is needed to maximize their effects. Overall, SHGs are seen as having great potential to advance women's status and contribute to rural development, but require ongoing support.
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Business and Management. IJBMI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Business and Management, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
The Journal will bring together leading researchers, engineers and scientists in the domain of interest from around the world. Topics of interest for submission include, but are not limited to
Self- Help Groups, a model for Economic Growth in Nagalandpaperpublications3
Abstract: The Economic status of a nation or a state is largely associated by the presence of industries, companies and manufacturing units. The state of Nagaland though surprisingly devoid of the presence of such industries and companies has been making steady progress over the years in its economic status but at a slow phase. The introduction of the Self- help Group scheme in the state in 1999-2000 has been a blessing to the people in many respects. The present paper dwells on the immense contribution made by the SHGs towards the growth of the state’s economy. It brings out to light the role of SHGs in strengthening the economic position of the state, employment opportunities generated and the number of people seriously engaged in the SHGs. The paper attempts to examine the huge potentiality SHGs have in the absence of industries and companies by making a case study of three districts of Nagaland viz. Peren, Kohima and Dimapur districts. It also brings out the SHGs –Bank linkage programmes in the state. For this purpose the paper is divided into three sections. Section I deals with introductory remarks and outlines, the significance of self help groups for employment generation with the infusion of low capital. It also provided an input to analyse the data relating to self help groups from an all India perspective Vis a Vis to self help groups in north eastern states. Section II draws attention of the economic profile of the state and also focus on the sample size for the study emphasising on the impact of self help groups and their contribution to socio- economic development. Section III analyses the findings of the study and provides concluding remarks and suggestions.
Keywords: Bank-linkage, Economic empowerment, income generation, low capital, potentiality. Self help groups, sustainability.
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Business and Management. IJBMI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Business and Management, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
The Journal will bring together leading researchers, engineers and scientists in the domain of interest from around the world. Topics of interest for submission include, but are not limited to
Self- Help Groups, a model for Economic Growth in Nagalandpaperpublications3
Abstract: The Economic status of a nation or a state is largely associated by the presence of industries, companies and manufacturing units. The state of Nagaland though surprisingly devoid of the presence of such industries and companies has been making steady progress over the years in its economic status but at a slow phase. The introduction of the Self- help Group scheme in the state in 1999-2000 has been a blessing to the people in many respects. The present paper dwells on the immense contribution made by the SHGs towards the growth of the state’s economy. It brings out to light the role of SHGs in strengthening the economic position of the state, employment opportunities generated and the number of people seriously engaged in the SHGs. The paper attempts to examine the huge potentiality SHGs have in the absence of industries and companies by making a case study of three districts of Nagaland viz. Peren, Kohima and Dimapur districts. It also brings out the SHGs –Bank linkage programmes in the state. For this purpose the paper is divided into three sections. Section I deals with introductory remarks and outlines, the significance of self help groups for employment generation with the infusion of low capital. It also provided an input to analyse the data relating to self help groups from an all India perspective Vis a Vis to self help groups in north eastern states. Section II draws attention of the economic profile of the state and also focus on the sample size for the study emphasising on the impact of self help groups and their contribution to socio- economic development. Section III analyses the findings of the study and provides concluding remarks and suggestions.
Keywords: Bank-linkage, Economic empowerment, income generation, low capital, potentiality. Self help groups, sustainability.
IMPACT ANALYSIS OF WELFARE SCHEMES OF WOMEN’S EMPOWERMENT: WITH REFERENCE TO ...IAEME Publication
Empowerment of women essentially mean improving the social, political and
economic status of women, especially the traditional underprivileged one. It means
creating an environment where women are free from any kind of physical, mental
abuse, exploitation, and prejudice that they are the most vulnerable section in the
society. Recognising the importance of women in the economic growth of the nation,
the Government of India along with State Governments has been taking several efforts
since post-independence period to uplift women from their conditions in general.
Attempts were made by the Government to address the issues through employment,
empowerment, labour force participation, education, gender equality and
entrepreneurship. The focus of Government is progressively shifting towards
promoting women entrepreneurship to motivate women to participate in the economic
activities. The study examines the perspective of women who are getting benefitted
through various government schemes implemented in assistance with nongovernmental organizations. The impact observed is in terms of such as - financial
assistance, training facilities, infrastructure and its awareness, motivation,
confidence, increase in the rate of women opting for entrepreneurship. Studies have
shown that such initiatives are boosting self-confidence, increasing the purchasing
power and decision making power, leading to their empowerment. It, therefore,
addresses the economic, socio-cultural, inter-personal, psychological, political and
legal domains of empowerment. The study has been conducted in three selected
village of Maharashtra. Data was collected from various NGO, Women entrepreneurs
and women beneficiaries associated with various Self-Help Group’s (SHG’s) in the
Kanave, Shahapur (Dist. Thane) and Vengaon, Karjat (Dist. Raigad) regions. The
Mixed method approach has been adopted for analysis of this research. Primary data
was collected from personal interviews with well-structured questionnaires and focus
group discussions in both the areas.
Role of Self-Help Groups in Empowering Rural Women: A case study on selected ...iosrjce
Micro finance is emerging as a powerful tool for poverty alleviation in India. This approach has
recognition in India after the launch of SHGs and Bank linkage programme by NABARD in the year 1992.
According to United Nations, micro finance institutions are the basic provider of small savings, micro credit
and other basic financial services to poor and marginalised section like women. Despite substantial
contributions of women to both household and national economy, their contributions are not recognised in the
society. Rapid progress in SHGs and Bank linkage model has now turned into an empowerment movement
among women in the country. From various empirical studies, it is found that micro finance through SHGs and
Bank linkage model has enabled the members of SHGs to improve their socio-economic status. It also improves
family savings, decision making process, self confidence among women section of our society. Micro finance is
also necessary to overcome social exploitation and create confidence for self reliance among rural women and
poor section of our society. Apart from the informal financial institutions, the formal and semi formal sectors
also are taking much interest in providing micro finance to rural women in Assam. These financial institutions
not only provide small savings and micro credit to women but bringing them together in organised banking
sector. This paper highlights that micro finance through SHGs has a positive role in income, savings and
investment of women in Rani Block of Kamrup District of Assam
Role of cooperatives in rural development, the case of.j.sjbm.20150304.12kemal1983
For small land-holding, developing and agricultural based economic countries like Ethiopia, cooperative type of
business is recommended as a solution to promote income distribution, reduce poverty and vulnerability, and improve quality of life and social welfare.
“Emergence and Activities of Self-Help Group (SHG)-A Great Effort and Impleme...iosrjce
The budding social consciousness from corner to corner of the globe has brought a number of issues
to the fore among which gender impartiality and empowerment of women are very noteworthy. Discrimination
against women in the form of male-female segregation reflects the core of the gender-biased structure. The
education is the biggest therapeutic power and the rise in the levels of education which nourishes progressive
stance and the beginning of industrialization and modernization have effected a sea change in the attitudes and
thinking prototype of the citizens. The empowerment is not fundamentally political single-handedly in fact;
political empowerment will not be successful in the deficiency of economic, socio-cultural and environmental
empowerment. Women empowerment is a progression in which women confront the presented norms and
culture, to efficiently encourage their well being. The involvement of women in Self Help Groups (SHGs) made a
momentous impact on their empowerment both in social and economical aspects. This study addresses women
empowerment as well as rural development through self help groups of Khejuri CD Blocks in Purba Medinipur
district of West Bengal. The information requisite for the study has been collected from both the primary and
secondary sources. A multistage random sampling method has been followed. Average and percentage analysis
was accepted out to draw significant interpretation of the results. Factor analysis was used to measure the
relationship between the observed variables. The outcome of the study revealed that the SHGs have had greater
impact on both economic and social aspects of the beneficiaries.
Performance analysis of ‘Mission Shakti’ in empowering women in Odisha - An e...inventionjournals
Mission Shakti is a flagship programme of Government of Odisha to empower women by providing
remunerative and income generating economic activities through necessary credit support, technical support
and market linkage by different stakeholders under a single umbrella. This programme was started in the year
2001 and is in operation in all districts of the state. Present study aims at analysing the functional structure of
Mission Shakti from top to bottom of the hierarchy along with the performance of the programme at grass root
level. Multi- stage random sampling technique is used in selecting sample households from Gajapati district of
Odisha for the purpose of the study. It is found from the study that WSHG is an agent of development for its
members, it provides opportunity for the members to earn from new and independent sources, in post-WSHG
period members are encouraged towards financial institution and they are more interested towards production
oriented loan too. Poor deliver system, lack of training, shortage of fund, lack of internal democracy etc. are
common problems faced by members in WSHG.
Conceptual framework of women empowerment through shgRAVICHANDIRANG
Empowerment of women in the third world countries is important because the benefits will be felt not only by the women themselves, but by their households as well. It may take a more
enlightened approach to ensure the empowerment of women in developing countries, but the returns to their families and even the societies as a whole will be worth it. The conceptual development of the subject matter of research shall be arranged in a chronological order. This Paper highlighted the Conceptual framework which was earlerly undertaken by various researchers.
IMPACT ANALYSIS OF WELFARE SCHEMES OF WOMEN’S EMPOWERMENT: WITH REFERENCE TO ...IAEME Publication
Empowerment of women essentially mean improving the social, political and
economic status of women, especially the traditional underprivileged one. It means
creating an environment where women are free from any kind of physical, mental
abuse, exploitation, and prejudice that they are the most vulnerable section in the
society. Recognising the importance of women in the economic growth of the nation,
the Government of India along with State Governments has been taking several efforts
since post-independence period to uplift women from their conditions in general.
Attempts were made by the Government to address the issues through employment,
empowerment, labour force participation, education, gender equality and
entrepreneurship. The focus of Government is progressively shifting towards
promoting women entrepreneurship to motivate women to participate in the economic
activities. The study examines the perspective of women who are getting benefitted
through various government schemes implemented in assistance with nongovernmental organizations. The impact observed is in terms of such as - financial
assistance, training facilities, infrastructure and its awareness, motivation,
confidence, increase in the rate of women opting for entrepreneurship. Studies have
shown that such initiatives are boosting self-confidence, increasing the purchasing
power and decision making power, leading to their empowerment. It, therefore,
addresses the economic, socio-cultural, inter-personal, psychological, political and
legal domains of empowerment. The study has been conducted in three selected
village of Maharashtra. Data was collected from various NGO, Women entrepreneurs
and women beneficiaries associated with various Self-Help Group’s (SHG’s) in the
Kanave, Shahapur (Dist. Thane) and Vengaon, Karjat (Dist. Raigad) regions. The
Mixed method approach has been adopted for analysis of this research. Primary data
was collected from personal interviews with well-structured questionnaires and focus
group discussions in both the areas.
Role of Self-Help Groups in Empowering Rural Women: A case study on selected ...iosrjce
Micro finance is emerging as a powerful tool for poverty alleviation in India. This approach has
recognition in India after the launch of SHGs and Bank linkage programme by NABARD in the year 1992.
According to United Nations, micro finance institutions are the basic provider of small savings, micro credit
and other basic financial services to poor and marginalised section like women. Despite substantial
contributions of women to both household and national economy, their contributions are not recognised in the
society. Rapid progress in SHGs and Bank linkage model has now turned into an empowerment movement
among women in the country. From various empirical studies, it is found that micro finance through SHGs and
Bank linkage model has enabled the members of SHGs to improve their socio-economic status. It also improves
family savings, decision making process, self confidence among women section of our society. Micro finance is
also necessary to overcome social exploitation and create confidence for self reliance among rural women and
poor section of our society. Apart from the informal financial institutions, the formal and semi formal sectors
also are taking much interest in providing micro finance to rural women in Assam. These financial institutions
not only provide small savings and micro credit to women but bringing them together in organised banking
sector. This paper highlights that micro finance through SHGs has a positive role in income, savings and
investment of women in Rani Block of Kamrup District of Assam
Role of cooperatives in rural development, the case of.j.sjbm.20150304.12kemal1983
For small land-holding, developing and agricultural based economic countries like Ethiopia, cooperative type of
business is recommended as a solution to promote income distribution, reduce poverty and vulnerability, and improve quality of life and social welfare.
“Emergence and Activities of Self-Help Group (SHG)-A Great Effort and Impleme...iosrjce
The budding social consciousness from corner to corner of the globe has brought a number of issues
to the fore among which gender impartiality and empowerment of women are very noteworthy. Discrimination
against women in the form of male-female segregation reflects the core of the gender-biased structure. The
education is the biggest therapeutic power and the rise in the levels of education which nourishes progressive
stance and the beginning of industrialization and modernization have effected a sea change in the attitudes and
thinking prototype of the citizens. The empowerment is not fundamentally political single-handedly in fact;
political empowerment will not be successful in the deficiency of economic, socio-cultural and environmental
empowerment. Women empowerment is a progression in which women confront the presented norms and
culture, to efficiently encourage their well being. The involvement of women in Self Help Groups (SHGs) made a
momentous impact on their empowerment both in social and economical aspects. This study addresses women
empowerment as well as rural development through self help groups of Khejuri CD Blocks in Purba Medinipur
district of West Bengal. The information requisite for the study has been collected from both the primary and
secondary sources. A multistage random sampling method has been followed. Average and percentage analysis
was accepted out to draw significant interpretation of the results. Factor analysis was used to measure the
relationship between the observed variables. The outcome of the study revealed that the SHGs have had greater
impact on both economic and social aspects of the beneficiaries.
Performance analysis of ‘Mission Shakti’ in empowering women in Odisha - An e...inventionjournals
Mission Shakti is a flagship programme of Government of Odisha to empower women by providing
remunerative and income generating economic activities through necessary credit support, technical support
and market linkage by different stakeholders under a single umbrella. This programme was started in the year
2001 and is in operation in all districts of the state. Present study aims at analysing the functional structure of
Mission Shakti from top to bottom of the hierarchy along with the performance of the programme at grass root
level. Multi- stage random sampling technique is used in selecting sample households from Gajapati district of
Odisha for the purpose of the study. It is found from the study that WSHG is an agent of development for its
members, it provides opportunity for the members to earn from new and independent sources, in post-WSHG
period members are encouraged towards financial institution and they are more interested towards production
oriented loan too. Poor deliver system, lack of training, shortage of fund, lack of internal democracy etc. are
common problems faced by members in WSHG.
Conceptual framework of women empowerment through shgRAVICHANDIRANG
Empowerment of women in the third world countries is important because the benefits will be felt not only by the women themselves, but by their households as well. It may take a more
enlightened approach to ensure the empowerment of women in developing countries, but the returns to their families and even the societies as a whole will be worth it. The conceptual development of the subject matter of research shall be arranged in a chronological order. This Paper highlighted the Conceptual framework which was earlerly undertaken by various researchers.
A Multivariate Model of Micro Credit and Rural Women Entrepreneurship Develo...Dr. Nazrul Islam
In Bangladesh, micro credit programs have positive socioeconomic impact on the rural women borrowers. However, it is perceived that the micro credit programs help the rural women borrowers to survive only and do not help them to develop entrepreneurial capabilities. Hence, this paper aims at identifying the factors related to the development of entrepreneurship among the rural women borrowers through micro credit programs. A multivariate analysis technique like Factor Analysis was conducted to identify the entrepreneurship development related factors. Structural equation modeling was used to develop a model of micro credit program and the development of rural women entrepreneurship in Bangladesh. Results show that the financial management skills and the group identity of the women borrowers have significant relationship with the development of rural women entrepreneurship in Bangladesh. The experience from the parent’s family of the borrowers and the option limit may also lead to the rural women borrowers to be entrepreneurial.
Micro Credit and Rural Women Entrepreneurship Development in Bangladesh: A Mu...Dr. Nazrul Islam
Micro credit programs have positive socioeconomic impact on rural women borrowers of Bangladesh. But it is also opined by the different corners that the micro credit programs do not help the borrowers to develop entrepreneurial capabilities except surviving. Thus, this paper aims at identifying the factors related to the development of entrepreneurship among the rural women through micro credit programs of the micro credit providers. A multivariate analysis technique such as, Factor Analysis was conducted to identify the factors related to entrepreneurship development. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was used to identify the relationship between micro credit program and the development of rural women entrepreneurship in Bangladesh. Results show that the financial management skills are the most important factor that has significant relationship with the development of rural women entrepreneurship. Results also show that the group identities of the women borrowers have significant relationship with the rural entrepreneurship development in Bangladesh. Borrowers experience from the parents’ families and the limitation of option also lead to the development of entrepreneurship among the rural women borrowers of Bangladesh.
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Business and Management. IJBMI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Business and Management, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online
Self help group review of literature.pptxNagarajanG35
For a long period of time, governments played a significant role in implementing schemes and programs to eradicate poverty and develop women.Mohammed Yunus, the recipient of the Nobel Peace prize and the brainchild behind the concept of Micro finance. This chapter consists of literatures divided in to three main categories.
Economic Contribution of Women in Self Help Groups: Village Level Evidence fr...iosrjce
Women in Self Help Groups (SHGs) have made their mark in the rural economy in a quite nontraditional
way. This paper examines the economic contribution of SHG women drawing on a field survey
conducted in 20 villages by canvassing a structured schedule among 150 sample respondents of two blocks of
Balasore district in Odisha, India. The findings show that women in SHG’s have made a significantly positive
contribution to employment, income, expenditure and saving at the household level. An increase in the demand
for SHG products is required for improving productivity of women and enhancing their economic contribution
in a sustainable way. A reorientation in policy is suggested for generating awareness, upgrading skills and
expanding markets in order to augment their contribution and raise their empowerment level for the benefit of
the households as well as for transforming the rural economy in a big way.
Role of Self Help Groups in Rural Development-A Studyijtsrd
Rural development is a very dynamic process which includes in improving the socio-economic, political, environmental, and well-being of the poor people living in rural areas. In India more than 70 percent people living in rural areas, the concept of rural development assume great significance. The Molakalmuru taluk is one of the most backward taluk in Chitradurga district these areas have been facing so many problems like unemployment, poverty, lack of skills, illiteracy, and basic infrastructure health care common trend here. The present study is focused on the Socio-Economic status of Self-Help Group on rural development, and to study impact of Self-Help Group on rural development in Molakalmuru taluk. The present paper it is based on primary and secondary sources of information. Nagesha B | Ajeya G"Role of Self Help Groups in Rural Development-A Study" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-4 , June 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd14329.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/economics/development-economics/14329/role-of-self-help-groups-in-rural-development-a-study/nagesha-b
Role of MGNREGA Scheme in Women Empowerment in India An Analysisijtsrd
The Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act MGNREGA is a significant social welfare scheme of the Government of India aimed at providing livelihood security to rural households. The scheme has been instrumental in enhancing the economic, social, and political empowerment of women in rural India. This research paper analyzes the role of the MGNREGA scheme in womens empowerment in India. The study employs both qualitative and quantitative research methods to examine the impact of the scheme on womens economic, social, and political empowerment. The findings of the study suggest that the MGNREGA scheme has played a critical role in enhancing womens empowerment in rural India. The scheme has provided women with employment opportunities, improved their economic conditions, and enabled them to participate in decision making processes. The study also highlights some of the challenges and limitations of the MGNREGA scheme in promoting womens empowerment. The findings of the study have important implications for policymakers and development practitioners in designing effective policies and programs to promote gender equality and womens empowerment in India. Dr. Mohammad Rehan "Role of MGNREGA Scheme in Women Empowerment in India: An Analysis" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-2 , April 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/papers/ijtsrd53886.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/humanities-and-the-arts/social-science/53886/role-of-mgnrega-scheme-in-women-empowerment-in-india-an-analysis/dr-mohammad-rehan
Microfinance for Women Empowerment through SHGs A Reviewijtsrd
In India, the emergence of liberalization and globalization in early 1990’s aggravated the problem of women workers in unorganized sectors from bad to worse as most of the women who were engaged in various self employment activities have lost their livelihood. Despite in substantial contribution of women to both household and national economy, their work is considered just an extension of household domain and remains non monetized. In India, Microfinance scene is dominated by Self Help Group SHGs as an effective mechanism for providing financial services to the “Unreached Poor”, and also in strengthening their collective self help capacities leading to their empowerment. Rapid progress in SHG formation has now turned into an empowerment movement among women across the country. Micro finance is necessary to overcome exploitation, create confidence for economic self reliance of the rural poor, particularly among rural women. Although no -‘magic bullet’, they are potentially a very significant contribution to gender equality and womens empowerment. Through their contribution to women’s ability to earn an income, these programmes have potential to initiate a series of -‘virtuous spirals’ of economic empowerment, and wider social and political empowerment. The results from these self help groups SHGs are promising and have become a focus of intense examination as it is proving to be an effective method of poverty reduction and economic empowerment. Mainly on the basis of secondary data analysis, this paper attempts to highlight the role of Microfinance and SHGs in the empowerment of women in India. Dr. Rajendra Prasad G R "Microfinance for Women Empowerment through SHGs - A Review" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-6 , October 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd52110.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/general-management/52110/microfinance-for-women-empowerment-through-shgs--a-review/dr-rajendra-prasad-g-r
A Study of the Role of Financial Inclusion in Womens Empowermentijtsrd
inancial inclusion is an important policy measure used by various policymakers around the world to eradicate poverty, unemployment, and promote economic growth. Financial inclusion is defined as the process of providing easy and affordable financial services to the weaker and disadvantaged segments of society, particularly the backward classes, women, and children. Many studies show that financial inclusion plays an important role in promoting womens empowerment. Womens empowerment is a recent priority issue in developing economies, owing to the fact that women hold fewer salaried jobs. Womens empowerment refers to the process by which women can make their own decisions about what is best for them. It is a freedom of choice. Women may benefit from financial inclusion. In recent years, the Government of India has implemented a number of schemes aimed specifically at women, with the goal of providing them with social dignity and earning opportunities. Many schemes aim to financially include women so that they can have control over their finances and have additional assets on their accounts. The current article discusses the role of financial inclusion in womens empowerment and the various schemes implemented by the government to make women financially included. The study is entirely based on secondary data, which was gathered from various articles, journals, government websites, financial inclusion surveys, and other sources. According to the article, financial inclusion benefits womens economic empowerment. Pooja Bahuguna "A Study of the Role of Financial Inclusion in Women's Empowerment" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-4, August 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd59624.pdf Paper Url:https://www.ijtsrd.com/economics/financial-economics/59624/a-study-of-the-role-of-financial-inclusion-in-womens-empowerment/pooja-bahuguna
Latino Buying Power - May 2024 Presentation for Latino CaucusDanay Escanaverino
Unlock the potential of Latino Buying Power with this in-depth SlideShare presentation. Explore how the Latino consumer market is transforming the American economy, driven by their significant buying power, entrepreneurial contributions, and growing influence across various sectors.
**Key Sections Covered:**
1. **Economic Impact:** Understand the profound economic impact of Latino consumers on the U.S. economy. Discover how their increasing purchasing power is fueling growth in key industries and contributing to national economic prosperity.
2. **Buying Power:** Dive into detailed analyses of Latino buying power, including its growth trends, key drivers, and projections for the future. Learn how this influential group’s spending habits are shaping market dynamics and creating opportunities for businesses.
3. **Entrepreneurial Contributions:** Explore the entrepreneurial spirit within the Latino community. Examine how Latino-owned businesses are thriving and contributing to job creation, innovation, and economic diversification.
4. **Workforce Statistics:** Gain insights into the role of Latino workers in the American labor market. Review statistics on employment rates, occupational distribution, and the economic contributions of Latino professionals across various industries.
5. **Media Consumption:** Understand the media consumption habits of Latino audiences. Discover their preferences for digital platforms, television, radio, and social media. Learn how these consumption patterns are influencing advertising strategies and media content.
6. **Education:** Examine the educational achievements and challenges within the Latino community. Review statistics on enrollment, graduation rates, and fields of study. Understand the implications of education on economic mobility and workforce readiness.
7. **Home Ownership:** Explore trends in Latino home ownership. Understand the factors driving home buying decisions, the challenges faced by Latino homeowners, and the impact of home ownership on community stability and economic growth.
This SlideShare provides valuable insights for marketers, business owners, policymakers, and anyone interested in the economic influence of the Latino community. By understanding the various facets of Latino buying power, you can effectively engage with this dynamic and growing market segment.
Equip yourself with the knowledge to leverage Latino buying power, tap into their entrepreneurial spirit, and connect with their unique cultural and consumer preferences. Drive your business success by embracing the economic potential of Latino consumers.
**Keywords:** Latino buying power, economic impact, entrepreneurial contributions, workforce statistics, media consumption, education, home ownership, Latino market, Hispanic buying power, Latino purchasing power.
how can i use my minded pi coins I need some funds.DOT TECH
If you are interested in selling your pi coins, i have a verified pi merchant, who buys pi coins and resell them to exchanges looking forward to hold till mainnet launch.
Because the core team has announced that pi network will not be doing any pre-sale. The only way exchanges like huobi, bitmart and hotbit can get pi is by buying from miners.
Now a merchant stands in between these exchanges and the miners. As a link to make transactions smooth. Because right now in the enclosed mainnet you can't sell pi coins your self. You need the help of a merchant,
i will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant below. 👇 I and my friends has traded more than 3000pi coins with him successfully.
@Pi_vendor_247
USDA Loans in California: A Comprehensive Overview.pptxmarketing367770
USDA Loans in California: A Comprehensive Overview
If you're dreaming of owning a home in California's rural or suburban areas, a USDA loan might be the perfect solution. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) offers these loans to help low-to-moderate-income individuals and families achieve homeownership.
Key Features of USDA Loans:
Zero Down Payment: USDA loans require no down payment, making homeownership more accessible.
Competitive Interest Rates: These loans often come with lower interest rates compared to conventional loans.
Flexible Credit Requirements: USDA loans have more lenient credit score requirements, helping those with less-than-perfect credit.
Guaranteed Loan Program: The USDA guarantees a portion of the loan, reducing risk for lenders and expanding borrowing options.
Eligibility Criteria:
Location: The property must be located in a USDA-designated rural or suburban area. Many areas in California qualify.
Income Limits: Applicants must meet income guidelines, which vary by region and household size.
Primary Residence: The home must be used as the borrower's primary residence.
Application Process:
Find a USDA-Approved Lender: Not all lenders offer USDA loans, so it's essential to choose one approved by the USDA.
Pre-Qualification: Determine your eligibility and the amount you can borrow.
Property Search: Look for properties in eligible rural or suburban areas.
Loan Application: Submit your application, including financial and personal information.
Processing and Approval: The lender and USDA will review your application. If approved, you can proceed to closing.
USDA loans are an excellent option for those looking to buy a home in California's rural and suburban areas. With no down payment and flexible requirements, these loans make homeownership more attainable for many families. Explore your eligibility today and take the first step toward owning your dream home.
NO1 Uk Divorce problem uk all amil baba in karachi,lahore,pakistan talaq ka m...Amil Baba Dawood bangali
Contact with Dawood Bhai Just call on +92322-6382012 and we'll help you. We'll solve all your problems within 12 to 24 hours and with 101% guarantee and with astrology systematic. If you want to take any personal or professional advice then also you can call us on +92322-6382012 , ONLINE LOVE PROBLEM & Other all types of Daily Life Problem's.Then CALL or WHATSAPP us on +92322-6382012 and Get all these problems solutions here by Amil Baba DAWOOD BANGALI
#vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore#blackmagicformarriage #aamilbaba #kalajadu #kalailam #taweez #wazifaexpert #jadumantar #vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore #blackmagicforlove #blackmagicformarriage #aamilbaba #kalajadu #kalailam #taweez #wazifaexpert #jadumantar #vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore #Amilbabainuk #amilbabainspain #amilbabaindubai #Amilbabainnorway #amilbabainkrachi #amilbabainlahore #amilbabaingujranwalan #amilbabainislamabad
Falcon stands out as a top-tier P2P Invoice Discounting platform in India, bridging esteemed blue-chip companies and eager investors. Our goal is to transform the investment landscape in India by establishing a comprehensive destination for borrowers and investors with diverse profiles and needs, all while minimizing risk. What sets Falcon apart is the elimination of intermediaries such as commercial banks and depository institutions, allowing investors to enjoy higher yields.
Introduction to Indian Financial System ()Avanish Goel
The financial system of a country is an important tool for economic development of the country, as it helps in creation of wealth by linking savings with investments.
It facilitates the flow of funds form the households (savers) to business firms (investors) to aid in wealth creation and development of both the parties
how can I sell my pi coins for cash in a pi APPDOT TECH
You can't sell your pi coins in the pi network app. because it is not listed yet on any exchange.
The only way you can sell is by trading your pi coins with an investor (a person looking forward to hold massive amounts of pi coins before mainnet launch) .
You don't need to meet the investor directly all the trades are done with a pi vendor/merchant (a person that buys the pi coins from miners and resell it to investors)
I Will leave The telegram contact of my personal pi vendor, if you are finding a legitimate one.
@Pi_vendor_247
#pi network
#pi coins
#money
Resume
• Real GDP growth slowed down due to problems with access to electricity caused by the destruction of manoeuvrable electricity generation by Russian drones and missiles.
• Exports and imports continued growing due to better logistics through the Ukrainian sea corridor and road. Polish farmers and drivers stopped blocking borders at the end of April.
• In April, both the Tax and Customs Services over-executed the revenue plan. Moreover, the NBU transferred twice the planned profit to the budget.
• The European side approved the Ukraine Plan, which the government adopted to determine indicators for the Ukraine Facility. That approval will allow Ukraine to receive a EUR 1.9 bn loan from the EU in May. At the same time, the EU provided Ukraine with a EUR 1.5 bn loan in April, as the government fulfilled five indicators under the Ukraine Plan.
• The USA has finally approved an aid package for Ukraine, which includes USD 7.8 bn of budget support; however, the conditions and timing of the assistance are still unknown.
• As in March, annual consumer inflation amounted to 3.2% yoy in April.
• At the April monetary policy meeting, the NBU again reduced the key policy rate from 14.5% to 13.5% per annum.
• Over the past four weeks, the hryvnia exchange rate has stabilized in the UAH 39-40 per USD range.
how to sell pi coins at high rate quickly.DOT TECH
Where can I sell my pi coins at a high rate.
Pi is not launched yet on any exchange. But one can easily sell his or her pi coins to investors who want to hold pi till mainnet launch.
This means crypto whales want to hold pi. And you can get a good rate for selling pi to them. I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi vendor below.
A vendor is someone who buys from a miner and resell it to a holder or crypto whale.
Here is the telegram contact of my vendor:
@Pi_vendor_247
how to swap pi coins to foreign currency withdrawable.DOT TECH
As of my last update, Pi is still in the testing phase and is not tradable on any exchanges.
However, Pi Network has announced plans to launch its Testnet and Mainnet in the future, which may include listing Pi on exchanges.
The current method for selling pi coins involves exchanging them with a pi vendor who purchases pi coins for investment reasons.
If you want to sell your pi coins, reach out to a pi vendor and sell them to anyone looking to sell pi coins from any country around the globe.
Below is the contact information for my personal pi vendor.
Telegram: @Pi_vendor_247
when will pi network coin be available on crypto exchange.DOT TECH
There is no set date for when Pi coins will enter the market.
However, the developers are working hard to get them released as soon as possible.
Once they are available, users will be able to exchange other cryptocurrencies for Pi coins on designated exchanges.
But for now the only way to sell your pi coins is through verified pi vendor.
Here is the telegram contact of my personal pi vendor
@Pi_vendor_247
2. SELP Journal of Social Science July -September 2013
Vol . IV : Issue. 17 ISSN:0975-9999
28
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK OF WOMEN EMPOWERMENT THROUGH SHG
Dr.C.Paramasivan,
Assistant Professor of Commerce
Periyar EVRCollege, Tiruchirappalli, Tamilnadu
ABSTRACT
Empowerment of women in the third world countries is important because the benefits will be
felt not only by the women themselves, but by their households as well. It may take a more
enlightened approach to ensure the empowerment of women in developing countries, but the returns
to their families and even the societies as a whole will be worth it. The conceptual development
of the subject matter of research shall be arranged in a chronological order. This Paper highlighted
the Conceptual framework which was earlerly undertaken by various researchers.
Key words: Empowerment, welfare programme, social systems,SHG
Introduction
Empowerment becomes a popular word
which dominates the overall growth and
development of any developing society. Since
Independence India has been changing in all
fields including social systems but still a
group of people still struggle to acquire equal
rights in the society. All the so-called changes
in the developing economy has not touched
the major part of their lives as the social
welfare programmes have not trickled down
to certain parts of the society.
It does not mean that the policy makers and
the government have not drawn any welfare
schemes but the schemes and programmes have
not reached in whole for whom it was designed
and hence it has lost its vigor and charm thus
not bringing any benefits to the society for
which it was planned and women sector is the
most affected population of that society.
Empowerment of women for social
development is a more complex process that
it appeared to be. It is now recognized that
empowerment involves advancement in
several important and related spheres to
ensure the overall well-being of the
empowered. The Benefits derived from the
empowerment programmes must not only be
relevant to the needs of the intended
beneficiaries, but efforts must be made to
ensure that the target population is also able
to retain the benefits. This is particularly
significant for women.
Murlidhar A. Lokhande (2009) said that,
micro finance programme has a significant
role to play in Indian economy for booting
micro entrepreneurial activities for creating
productive assets coupled with employment
generation. So, in order to cover all the poor
households, particularly BPL households,
Available online at www.selptrust.org
SELP Journal of Social Science
ISSN : 0975-9999
Vol IV : Issue. 17
July - Septemper 2013
3. SELP Journal of Social Science July -September 2013
Vol . IV : Issue. 17 ISSN:0975-9999
29
there is need for providing full support by the
government, financial institutions and NGOs
to SHGs programme. So far the SHGs bank
linkage programme has been much successful
in achieving quantitative targets. The need of
the hour is to make the programme more
quantitative, that is, enriching the lives of
poorest of the poor in the context of
globalised socio – economic environment
political interference in the functioning if self
– help groups should be avoided.
Mohantry B.K. (2009) observed that, rural
India is first emerging as a prospect for the
bankers. This had become possible because
banks have taken the extra step in
rediscovering their customers. They have
stepped out from their narrow confines of
their branches to nature SHGs, which
ultimately give the feed back to the survival
and growth of banking business. This is a
good opportunity of the public sector banks
to boost the SHG movement to enable the
villages to absorb the benefits of
globalization.
Jitendra Ahirrao (2009) Explained that, the
SGHs of rural women consists of members
who are the poor, having low saving capacity
and who depend on money lenders for
meeting their consumption needs and social
obligations. Formation of women into self
help groups paved a way to develop their
economic standards, thereby building self
confidence. Women in SHGs have been
encouraged by the government as well as
NGOs to undertake self employment ventures
with locally available resources.
Muthalagu.K. (2008) noted that, what my
conclusion is that there is no doubt that status
of women in India is developing over the
period of time though there are many
incidence of crimes against women have been
reported now and then. Hence, transforming
the prevailing social discrimination against
women must become the top priority in our
policy and it must happen concurrently with
increased direct action to rapidly improve the
social and economic status of women is India.
Raghuvansh Prasad Singh (2008) said
that, the meeting at length discussed the role/
functions of federations in sustainability of
SHGs, the future structure and legal status
of the federations, how to ensure the
autonomous functioning of federation ;
sources of financial sustainability of
federations including founds required for
capacity building and management of
federations; accountability, transparency;
should federations be involved in financial
intermediation; type of common grading
system for federations; role of NGOs and
collaborating agencies and NGOs
federations; relations with panchayat raj
institutions (PRIs) at different levels,
Government role and support to the
federations and institutional mechanism for
evaluation of federations.
Tangirala.H.S.K. (2008) Explained that,
for the purpose of economic development, the
co-operatives have to form the SHGs with the
help of the members, increase their
competencies and capabilities. The support,
advice and coaching is required from the co-
operatives through formal or informal
network, to the SHGs to get the business from
all the local people. The activities might be
deposit mobilization, recovery management
is case of credit co-operatives, procurement
and sale activities in case of manufacture –
based co–operatives. However, even the
related diversifications of the activities are
justified, provided the needs of the members
fulfilled and the ultimate goal of poverty
4. SELP Journal of Social Science July -September 2013
Vol . IV : Issue. 17 ISSN:0975-9999
30
alleviation take place.
Amarjeet kour (2008) reveals that, it is
deducted from the present research that the
scheme of SHGs has not played a significant
role in rural development in this particulars
research area. However it is generalized that,
effective, functioning and implementation of
SHGs can lead to social change, mobilization
and involvement of people and thus, to the
over all development. This scheme in the
present research has problem at the
implementation level. There would be a
different situation if the local people were
properly motivated and informed and
implemented whole heartely by the
implementing agency.
Ramachandran.T. and Balakrishnan.S
(2008) noted that, SHGs have the power to
create a socio – economic revolution in the
rural areas of our country. SHGs have not only
produced tangible assets and improved living
conditions of the members. But also, helped
in changing much of their social outlook and
activities. In the study area SHGs have served
the cause of women empowerment, social
solidarity and socio – economic betterment
of the poor.
Sivachithappa.K (2008) said that, A
number of important results have emerged out
of the study. These results are in contrast to
the findings of a number of earlier studies.
Some of the disagreements of this study with
the earlier studies are: the income impact of
the extreme poor is lower, the poorest
borrowers may tend to have lower levels of
asset accumulation, borrowers taking more
number of loans generate more income, larger
organizations have larger out reach and
formal schooling is an essential critical
criterion for exerting better effect of SHGs
on income generation.
Shyedra.H.S. (2008) noted that, there is a
massive mobilization of women taking place
as a result of the SHG movement. The growth
of SHGs incidentally has occurred during the
economic reforms periods. The SHG
movement has a good potential to serve both
as a human face of the economic reforms as
well as contribute towards women’s
emancipation. There is a major onus on all
actors involved in SHGs promotion and
development to further intensity their efforts
in enabling SHGs to reach a mature stage.
We need a major investment in capacity
building of SHGs and proactive policies to
help overcome the constraints faced by SHGs
to integrate them fully into the development
programmer aimed at women’s
empowerment.
Khullar.K.K (2007) observed that, the
greatest achievement of the mahila samakhaya
is to create an awareness of the need to struggle
for a gender just society where women can lead
a life of dignity, for a gender just society where
reliant India by 2010. It has increased women’s
recognition and visibility both within the
family and community.
Pargunan.M. (2007) explained that, the
strategies above would really empower
women and bring them into the mainstream
development. If employment, income and
social security were improved, women would
automatically stronger which will lead them
to become powerful in contributing to social
and economic development of India.
Snehalata panda (2007) noted that, women
members have played a key role in the gram
sabha decision making in matters relating to
use of forest, community land, irrigation,
marketing of local products and construction
of roads and design of work for the newly
implemented employment guarantee etc.,
5. SELP Journal of Social Science July -September 2013
Vol . IV : Issue. 17 ISSN:0975-9999
31
Santosh gupta (2003) noted that, the
personality of a celebrity plays an important part
in a successful endorsement. The companies
must have deep pockets to be able to afford the
best available celebrities. Recently a report
showed how co firms had gone beyond their
advertising budgets to get the best celebrities.
But the company should see whether it suits
their products & the sales results.
Suneetha. R (2007) said that, the
empowerment of women become necessary
as they are almost fifty percent of the
population and are being discriminated at all
fronts. Women play a vital role in the social
and economic transformation of a country.
Kala G.S. (2004) said that, “Economic
empowerment of women through SHGs”,
highlights mahalial thittam which is being
implement in erode district since 01.05.1998
to promote self help groups over a project
period of five years in rural areas the self help
groups are not only engaged in saving internal
lending activities but also function as
important on health and nutrition. Literacy
education, adoption of new agricultural
practices farm and non farm sector economic
activities and help to prepare women to take
up leadership position. Till the end of may
2003, 4372 self help groups have been formed
in rural areas and 159 self help groups in
urban areas taking the total to 592 self help
groups with membership of 85,530.
Rangi and Siddhuy M.S and Harjit Singh
(2002) have revealed that, women under
indira mahila yojana have borrowed both
from internal sources of self help group, and
banks for productive and non productive.
Purpose which have benefited directed and
indirectly their economic empowerment self
help groups have saved women from
exploitative money lenders and land lords and
have saved them from social and economic
empowerment. Self help groups have saved
them from social and economic exploitation
and the additional income has provided them
moral support to initiate new changes in the
grassroots.
Vijayanthi.K.N. noted that, “Women
empowerment through self help groups a
participatory approach” attempts to explain
the process of women’s empowerment and
find out the levels of a awareness creation,
decision making self and groups
empowerment among women from self help
groups formed under comprehensive
community development programme
implemented in five slum areas of Chennai.
Empowerment should give women freedom
of choice, equal access to domestic and
community resources, opportunities and
powers, the programmes of NGOs improving
income for providing new opportunities of
skills training, additional employment
providing credit and market facilities were
the main areas of concern of SEWA.
Debotosh sinha (2008) said the,
empowerment of women for social
development is a more complex process that
it appeared to be. It is now recognized that
empowerment involves an advancement in
several important and related spheres to
ensure the overall well being of the
empowered. Benefits derived from the
empowerment programmes must not only be
relevant to the needs of the intended
beneficiaries, but efforts must be ensure that
the target population is also able to retain the
benefits this is particularly significant for
women.
Tygai.D, Mitali chatterjee (2008) noted
that, “there is a need is a need for improving
the position of women and empowering them
6. SELP Journal of Social Science July -September 2013
Vol . IV : Issue. 17 ISSN:0975-9999
32
with more opportunities, greater access to
resources and equal participation with in
decision making processes. Empowerment is
to share power. The different stages are power
over, power to, power with and power within.
Sundar raj.D, Venkata Ravi. R, Hema
latha.H.M., (2008) said that, “Women and
empowerment” empowerment of women
means enhancing awareness of individual
household and community level. This helps
women to be more aware of their
constitutional, legal rights, opportunities.
Available for them to make their lines better.
More importantly, the strategy of
empowerment also helps women to achieve
comprehensive development.
Ranjit karmakar and Bholanath ghose
(2008) Expressed that, the “Role of women
in the self help group” is self – help groups
enhanced the quality of status of women as
participants, decision makers and
beneficiaries in the democratic, economic and
social activities, involvement of women
becomes essential. They encourage women to
take active part in the socio – economic
progress in the nation.
Ruby J.A. James Devassia and Abraham
George (2009) said that, women
empowerment aims enabling them to realize
their identity, aims enabling them to realize
their identity, potentiality and power in all
spheres of their lives. It has mainly five
dimensions viz., economics, political, social
/ cultural, personal and familial. Each
dimension is very important because the real
empowerment of women is possible only
when a woman has increased access to
economic resources, more strength and
courage for entering into the power structure,
more involvement through social / cultural
relationships and participation, more self-
motivation and confidence, and more say in
the family matters. Women should be willing
to take additional effort for building a mind
set which is suitable for their overall
empowerment.
David Jarachar.P, Usha Nandhini .S and
Shivachandran.M (2005) Noted that, though
the SHG movement has made an impact on
the lives of a number of individuals and
communities, there are many pockets of
societies which have not been involved in the
movement. Micro financing is yet to reach
the needy. An encouraging feature is that
several commercial banks including ICICI
have made a foray into this segment and are
actively applying the Participatory Rural
Appraisal techniques and SHG concept to
achieve rural information. But one aspect
stands out demanding our immediate
attention and action-rural transformation
needs to be done on a war footing.
Pankaj Naithani (2001) viewed that, micro
financing has developed the self employment
activities in rural areas over the last twenty
years. Micro financing means making
provisions for smaller working capital loans
to the self employment seeking poor.
However, some strategic planners are fearing
that micro financing drive may seek. Re-
allocation of anti-poverty programmes like
basic health, education, infrastructure
development etc., are found to be suffering
they may be true to some extent as target
beneficiaries in most of the micro finance
project are women.
Stephen .J.K (2005) concluded, It is
realized that NGO’s can play a decisive role
as an effective delivery mechanism in rural
development they have innate advantage to
involve people and ensure their participation
in the agencies and fellow NGO’s is added
7. SELP Journal of Social Science July -September 2013
Vol . IV : Issue. 17 ISSN:0975-9999
33
advantage to them. The NGO’s are taking
keen interest in providing micro financing
poor women. The success of NGO’s in
helping rural poor to organize SHG’s for
credit delivery in a way highlights the
importance of NGO-SHG’s linkage for the
betterment of the later.
Ashokan R.ponnarasu , kalavathi
.M.S.(2005) concluded, women
empowerment depends upon the success of
women development programmer in terms of
women SHG’s. Many studies have shown
that SHG’s contribute scientifically to the
overall development of women.To
understand the level of success of SHG’, this
paper analyses the Inter-district variations of
SHG’s through performance index. Results
have shown that out of twenty-eight districts
in Tamilnadu half them performed well. As
far as Tamilnadu self help experiment has no
far been successful in few pockets.
Khanka S.S. (2006) suggested, Different
people have defined entrepreneur different
the commonest definition of an entrepreneur
is a person who organizes, manages and takes
the risk of running an enterprise. He arranges
everything required to set up an enterprise
(i.e) funds, lad people material and
machinery. They entrepreneur retain
common characteristics, Independence,
motivation, optimistic, dynamic, innovating
and risk-bearing ability.An entrepreneur
differs from a manager on various counts.
The farmer is owner where as the latter is a
servant entrepreneur are rewarded with
profit, which is highly uncertain. On the other
hand, Manager gets salary as a reward for
the services rendered by him in the
enterprise.
Suseela menon .R (2003) said that, India
is now facing a lot of family disputes and
increased rate of divorce , as is evident from
cases pending and cases ever increasing in
family courts to the conditions and shape
them in their favour. Monetary
empowerment alone will not make the women
empowered. A total empowerment is required
that is cognitive, behavioral and affective.
There is a proverb that if six to nine is okay,
then nine to six will be okay. It means that if
family life is okay, work life is better both
are related. Thus women empowerment is an
unavoidable element, if family is to be
empowered, the society is to be empowered
people. Behavioral empowerment of women
which will permit them to utilize their own
unique potential to the point of excellence.
Debotash sinha .R (2005) expressed that,
empowerment of women for social
development is a more complex process that
it appeared be. It is now recognized the
empowerment involves an advancement in
several important and related spheres to
ensure the overall well-being of the
empowered. Benefits derived from the
empowerment programmer must not only be
relevant to the needs of the intended
beneficiaries, but efforts must be made to
ensure that the target population is also able
to retain the benefits. Empowerment of
women in the third world countries is
important because the benefits will be felt
not only by the women themselves but by
their households as well. It may take a more
enlightened approach to ensure the
empowerment of women in developing
countries, but the returns to their families and
even the societies as a whole will be worth it.
Abdul raheem.A&Yasmeen sultana .H
(2005) noted that, the unemployment
problem prevalent in india sharply differs
from that which prevails in the western
8. SELP Journal of Social Science July -September 2013
Vol . IV : Issue. 17 ISSN:0975-9999
34
nations. There are a number of possible routes
to the promotion of self employment
promotion and strengthening of self help
groups is one of them. So more and more self
help groups should be encouraged in order to
eradicate poverty through self employment
and at the same time empower women which
in turn lead to overall economic development.
Lamaan sami (2008) observed that
microfinance has been found as the
appropriate approach and effective tool for
poverty alleviation and empowerment, which
can be internalized into cooperative system
through strategic and legal support, keeping
in view long term sustainability of
microfinance within cooperative functioning.
Conclusion
It has encouraged many to form SHG’s
and avail the benefit since the scheme
provides finance to a SHG rather than to an
individual borrower as earlier done under
Integrated Rural Development Programme
(IRDP). Meghalaya as one of the average state
in terms of resource base, population and
socio economic infrastructure is also
experiencing similar type of upsurge in SHG-
bank linkage activities in recent years. The
analysis of the linkage activities in the
foregoing clearly brings some general issues
which need to be addressed.
Acknowledgement
The author is greatly thankful to UGC for
financial assistance to conduct this research
under the major research project scheme
2012-14.
References.
Abdul Raheem and yasmeen sultana .H
(2007), Empowerment of women through Self
help group : A view , Kisan world, Vol.34-
No.03 P. 48 to 52.
Amarjeet Kour (2008), Self Help Group
(SHG) and Group Development, Kurushetra,
Dec. 2008, Vol.57, No.2, P.25.
Arujn. Y. Pangannavar (2008), Self Help
Groups and Poverty, Kurushetra, Dec. 2008,
Vol.57, No.2, P.12.
Ashokan.R, Ponnarasu .S , Kalavathi.M.S,
Inter District Variations in the Performance
of self-help groups in Tamilnadu, co-
operative perspective , vol.40_No.2 , July-
Sep: 2005.
David Jarachar. P , Usha Nandhini .S, and
Shivachandran .M , Women Entrepreneurship
leading of rural transformation , the ICFAI
Journal of Entrepreneurship Development ,
Vol.2, Vol.1, March 2005.
Debotash sinha.R (2005), Women in
Development (Challenges and
Achievements) , serials publications , New
Delhi , 1st
published 2005 , P. 3 to 19.
Jitendra Ahittrao (2009), Rural Women
Empowerment Through Microfinance,
Kurushetra, Feb 2006, Vol.57, No.4, P.23.
Kala G.S. (2004), “Economic of Women
Through Self Help Groups” Kisan Word
Nov.2004, Vol.31, No.11, P.26.
Khanka S.S , Entrepreneur,
entrepreneurial Development , S. Chand and
Company Ltd, Ram Nagar , New Delhi (2006).
Khullar K.K. (2007), Mahila Samakhya
Empowerment of Women Through
Education, Kurushetra (A journal rural
development), March 207, Vol.55, P.9.
Lamaan sami (2008), “ Self help groups
and rural development “ , the Indian Journal
of Commerce, Vol.61-No.4 , October-
December 2008, P. 212 to 217.
Mohantry.B.K. (2009), SHG movement an
emerging social innovation of micro
9. SELP Journal of Social Science July -September 2013
Vol . IV : Issue. 17 ISSN:0975-9999
35
financing in orssia, kurushetra, February
2009, Vol.57, No.4, P.19.
Murlidhar.A.Lokhande (2009),
Microfinance Initiatives in India, Kurushetra,
Febuary 2009, Vol.57, No.4, P.16.
Muthalagu.K (2008), Indian women in
Development Perspective, Kurushetra, Sep.
2008, Vol.56, No.11, P.18.
Narayana Reddy, V.Vijiyakumar .S and
Nalini. B , Women Development (Challenges
and achievements) ,serial publications , New
Delhi , First Published 2-2005 – P.18.
Pankaj Naithani , “ NGO and Rural
Development” , kurukshetra , April 2001,
Vol.49_ No. 12 , P. 35-37.
Parguna.M.(2007), Political
Empowerment of Women in Illusion,
Kurushetra, March 2007, (A journal rural
development) Vol.55, No.5, P .12.
Pati .A.P., “ Subsidised Micro financing
and financial sustainability of SHG’s” , the
Indian Journal of commerce , Vol.61-No.4 ,
Oct-Dec 2008, P.137 to149.
Raghuvansh Prasad Singh (2008), SHG
Federations Should Play Proactive Role for
the Economic Empowerment of Rural
Masses, Kurushetra, December 2008, Vol.57,
No.2,P.11.
Ramachandran .T and Balakrishnan .S
(2008) of Self Help Groups on Women’s
Empowerment a Study in Kanyakumari
District, Kurushetra, Dec. 2008, Vol.57,
No.2, P.31.
Ruby . J.A., James Devassia andAbraham
George ,Women empowerment : Meaning ,
Characteristics and Dimensions , Southern
Economist , May1, 2009 , P. 41 & 42
Santhosh Gupta (2003), Strategy for
Empowerment of Women Indian Journal of
marketing, Vol. XXXIII, No.6, June 2003,
P.26.
Shyledra .H.S. (2008), Role of Self Help
Groups, Yojana January 2008 (Micro
finance) P.25.
Sivachithappa .K (2008), Success Story
Poverty Alleviation Through Self-Help
Groups, Kurushetra, Dec. 2008, Vol.57,
Vol.No.2, P.35.
Snehalata Panda (2007), Political
Empowerment of Tribal Women in Orissa,
Kurushetra, March2007, ( A Journal Rural
Development) Vol.55, No.5, P.29.
Stephen J.K, Selian .A, Role of NGO’s
in micro financing through SHG’s , Indian
Journal of marketing , Vol.No.8 , August
2005.
Sundar Raj. D, Venkata Ravi.R, Hema
latha. H.M. “Women and Empowerment”,
Women in Development (Challenges and
Achievements) Serials Publications, P.45 to
59.
Suneetha .R (2007) is DWCR Programme
Empowering The Rural Women, Kurushetra
( A Journal Rural Development) March,
2007, Vol. 55, No.5, P.17.
Suseela Menon R. “Women
empowerment through India traditional
classical art forms”, Kisan world , Sep 2007
, Vol.34-No.09 P. 60 to 62.
Tangirala .H.S.K.(2008) , SHG is a Tool
of Economic Development of Co-operatives
and its Members, Kurushetra, Dec.2008,
Vol.57, No.2, P.22.
Tyadi. D, Mitali Chetterjee, “Women in
Development”, Women is Development
(Challenges and Achievement), Narayana
Reddy, V. Vijaya Kumar.S, Nalini B, Serials
Publications P. 35 to 44.