This document presents a case study on rent control policies. It discusses how rent control aims to make housing more affordable in the short run by capping rental prices. However, in the long run rent control can backfire by reducing the supply of housing as landlords have less incentive to build or maintain properties when rents are capped. This leads to housing shortages. The document also examines alternative models of rent control and discusses arguments for and against such policies. It concludes that while rent control intends to help tenants, the overall effects are generally negative due to market distortions and unintended consequences.
Urban land value
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Migration
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Презентація "HOUSING in the new Urban Agenda" комітету житлового господарства ООН-ХАБІТАТ.
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Paper looks critically and objectively, the role and importance of Master Plans in Rationalising the development of cities, issues created and options to make it a better master plan
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Urban land value
Bid rent theory
theoretical city models
Migration
types of migration
impact of migration on urban form
causes and impacts of migration
Презентація "HOUSING in the new Urban Agenda" комітету житлового господарства ООН-ХАБІТАТ.
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Paper looks critically and objectively, the role and importance of Master Plans in Rationalising the development of cities, issues created and options to make it a better master plan
Slum rehabilitation suffers from a problem that if we vacate the slums to make it livable, the inmates would create a slum elsewhere. Using the technology described in the presentation, a practical method for slum rehabilitation is suggested.
Land Pooling Policy smart step of DDA and Private builders to develop a high class Smart City in Delhi. Get Complete terms of Land Pooling Policy at Comparecasa.
In this presentation we mainly focus on Redevelopment and its methodology, discussion of TWC (Third World Countries) redevelopment strategies, planners activity for redevelopment, An overview of gradual change on Dhaka city from the old (Basically on Land use and Transportation) and International Case study.
Affordable housing programming for architecture - thesis projectGhassanAlhammadi1
Thesis project and programming for architecture urban farming and affordable housing that responds to the context and the housing crisis. By making work-live- and marketing activities in one city to reduce the use of viechles and make it self-sufficient. The goals to solve the housing crisis and food security in yemen
This presentation was given by SPA Bhopal for "Samavesh" - XVl Annual NOSPlan Convention. The Theme of Presentation - "Accessibility in Peri-urban area".
The cost of renting property in many parts of the UK continues to rise - would rent controls make any difference? A Unit 1 economics revision presentation.
How to Become a Thought Leader in Your NicheLeslie Samuel
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Build to rent single family homes have arrived as an institutional investment grade asset. Wall Street has finally recognized that single family rental homes can be packaged to create a diversified portfolio that yields competitively with other similar alternative investments.
how to sell pi coins effectively (from 50 - 100k pi)DOT TECH
Anywhere in the world, including Africa, America, and Europe, you can sell Pi Network Coins online and receive cash through online payment options.
Pi has not yet been launched on any exchange because we are currently using the confined Mainnet. The planned launch date for Pi is June 28, 2026.
Reselling to investors who want to hold until the mainnet launch in 2026 is currently the sole way to sell.
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Who is a pi merchant?
An individual who buys coins from miners on the pi network and resells them to investors hoping to hang onto them until the mainnet is launched is known as a pi merchant.
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@Pi_vendor_247
USDA Loans in California: A Comprehensive Overview.pptxmarketing367770
USDA Loans in California: A Comprehensive Overview
If you're dreaming of owning a home in California's rural or suburban areas, a USDA loan might be the perfect solution. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) offers these loans to help low-to-moderate-income individuals and families achieve homeownership.
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USDA loans are an excellent option for those looking to buy a home in California's rural and suburban areas. With no down payment and flexible requirements, these loans make homeownership more attainable for many families. Explore your eligibility today and take the first step toward owning your dream home.
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how can I sell pi coins after successfully completing KYCDOT TECH
Pi coins is not launched yet in any exchange 💱 this means it's not swappable, the current pi displaying on coin market cap is the iou version of pi. And you can learn all about that on my previous post.
RIGHT NOW THE ONLY WAY you can sell pi coins is through verified pi merchants. A pi merchant is someone who buys pi coins and resell them to exchanges and crypto whales. Looking forward to hold massive quantities of pi coins before the mainnet launch.
This is because pi network is not doing any pre-sale or ico offerings, the only way to get my coins is from buying from miners. So a merchant facilitates the transactions between the miners and these exchanges holding pi.
I and my friends has sold more than 6000 pi coins successfully with this method. I will be happy to share the contact of my personal pi merchant. The one i trade with, if you have your own merchant you can trade with them. For those who are new.
Message: @Pi_vendor_247 on telegram.
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Could this growth lead to a “Roaring Twenties”? As quickly as the U.S. economy contracted, experiencing a 9.1% drop in economic output relative to the business cycle in Q2 2020, the largest in recorded history, it has rebounded beyond expectations. This surprising growth seems to be fueled by the U.S. government’s aggressive fiscal and monetary policies, and an increase in consumer spending as mobility restrictions are lifted. Unemployment rates between June 2020 and June 2021 decreased by 5.2%, while the demand for labor is increasing, coupled with increasing wages to incentivize Americans to rejoin the labor force. Schools and businesses are expected to fully reopen soon. In parallel, vaccination rates across the country and the world continue to rise, with full vaccination rates of 50% and 14.8% respectively.
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If you are looking for a pi coin investor. Then look no further because I have the right one he is a pi vendor (he buy and resell to whales in China). I met him on a crypto conference and ever since I and my friends have sold more than 10k pi coins to him And he bought all and still want more. I will drop his telegram handle below just send him a message.
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how to swap pi coins to foreign currency withdrawable.DOT TECH
As of my last update, Pi is still in the testing phase and is not tradable on any exchanges.
However, Pi Network has announced plans to launch its Testnet and Mainnet in the future, which may include listing Pi on exchanges.
The current method for selling pi coins involves exchanging them with a pi vendor who purchases pi coins for investment reasons.
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Below is the contact information for my personal pi vendor.
Telegram: @Pi_vendor_247
Even tho Pi network is not listed on any exchange yet.
Buying/Selling or investing in pi network coins is highly possible through the help of vendors. You can buy from vendors[ buy directly from the pi network miners and resell it]. I will leave the telegram contact of my personal vendor.
@Pi_vendor_247
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If you are interested in selling your pi coins, i have a verified pi merchant, who buys pi coins and resell them to exchanges looking forward to hold till mainnet launch.
Because the core team has announced that pi network will not be doing any pre-sale. The only way exchanges like huobi, bitmart and hotbit can get pi is by buying from miners.
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i will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant below. 👇 I and my friends has traded more than 3000pi coins with him successfully.
@Pi_vendor_247
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how to sell pi coins in South Korea profitably.DOT TECH
Yes. You can sell your pi network coins in South Korea or any other country, by finding a verified pi merchant
What is a verified pi merchant?
Since pi network is not launched yet on any exchange, the only way you can sell pi coins is by selling to a verified pi merchant, and this is because pi network is not launched yet on any exchange and no pre-sale or ico offerings Is done on pi.
Since there is no pre-sale, the only way exchanges can get pi is by buying from miners. So a pi merchant facilitates these transactions by acting as a bridge for both transactions.
How can i find a pi vendor/merchant?
Well for those who haven't traded with a pi merchant or who don't already have one. I will leave the telegram id of my personal pi merchant who i trade pi with.
Tele gram: @Pi_vendor_247
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how to sell pi coins in all Africa Countries.DOT TECH
Yes. You can sell your pi network for other cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin, usdt , Ethereum and other currencies And this is done easily with the help from a pi merchant.
What is a pi merchant ?
Since pi is not launched yet in any exchange. The only way you can sell right now is through merchants.
A verified Pi merchant is someone who buys pi network coins from miners and resell them to investors looking forward to hold massive quantities of pi coins before mainnet launch in 2026.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade with.
@Pi_vendor_247
1. [SubmittedBy Ms.Prajakta Sawant
Roll No :- 2013022] Page1
Case study on Rent control
Name :- Ms. Prajakta Sawant
Roll No - 2013022
Subject:- Managerial Economics
2. [SubmittedBy Ms.Prajakta Sawant
Roll No :- 2013022] Page2
CASE STUDY ON RENT COTROL IN THE SHORT RUN AND THE LONG RUN
It is a common example of price ceiling. In many cities, the local government places a ceiling on
rents that landlords may charge their tenants. The goal of this policy is to help the poor by
making housing more affordable.
Analysis of Rent control as a Tax on Housing
Simple rent control is usually viewed as a Tax on the return to housing Capital.
Model of Rent control as price control, where the price per unit of housing charged by landlord
is reduced.
Price move from P0 to P1. If rather than being reduced, rents are frozen at existing levels, price
inflation leads to divergence between equilibrium and controlled prices.
In the short run, landlords have a fixed number of apartments to rent, and they cannot adjust
this number quickly as market conditions change. Moreover, the number of people searching
for hous-ing in a city may not be highly responsive to rents in the short run because people take
time to adjust their housing arrangements. Therefore, the short-run supply and demand for
housing are relatively inelastic. Supply and demand are inelastic, initial shortage is small. the
primary effect is to reduce the rents.
The long-run story is very different because the buyers and sellers of rental housing respond
more to market conditions as time passes. On the supply side, landlords respond to low rents
by not building new apartments and by failing to maintain existing ones. On the demand side,
low rents encourage people to find their own apartments. Therefore, both supply and demand
are more elastic in the long run. The result is large shortage of housing.
3. [SubmittedBy Ms.Prajakta Sawant
Roll No :- 2013022] Page3
Rent Control as Expenditure Control
An alternative view of rent control is expenditure control,. In this model rent control lowers
rents to P1- P0. Rent is fixed at P1Q0. In intermediate run, landlords can vary quantity of
housing respected but Supply curve.
Indeed the final price per unit of housing services can exceed the original uncontrolled price.
Under this model there is excess demand for housing. However, under expenditure control
model, the demand curve is not relevant for new equilibrium.
4. [SubmittedBy Ms.Prajakta Sawant
Roll No :- 2013022] Page4
Dynamic Models of the Effect of Rent control on Maintenance
Rentcontrol overa longperiodisgenerallyassumedtoresultinreductionsinthe qunatityof housing
servicessupplied.Dynamicmodel of profitmaximizinglandlordshave providedsome insightintothis
process.
In thishe real rent fallingbyarate of general price inflationnotoffsetbymaintenance inthe Rent
control.
Rentcontrol reducesmaintenance onthe housingunit.However,if arentordinance increasedthe rent
ceilingif the unitisupgradedanddecreaseditif the unitisallowedtodeteriorate.
If the rewardsforupgradingandthe penaltyfordowngradingare sufficientlylarge.
Building the Case for Rent Controls
On grounds of equity :-
• High rents hit low income families
• Affordable renting will reduce poverty
Rent controls may have further adverse effects. First, on equity grounds it is somewhat
arbitrary as to who gets and who does not get housing at the lower rent. Second, in the long
run, those landlords who still keep their property available for rent may cut maintenance costs
and let their property fall into disrepair.
On grounds of efficiency
• Affordable rents improves labour mobility
• Encourages smaller homes to be built
Targets monopolistic Landlords
• Exploiting the consumer / low price elasticity
• Will free up properties for the government to buy
5. [SubmittedBy Ms.Prajakta Sawant
Roll No :- 2013022] Page5
Counter-Arguments
Rent caps causes supply contraction
• Less incentive to build or convert homes
• Lower spend on property maintenance
Creates Incentive for Black Market
Landlords may find other ways to get money
May worsen to tenancy security
Rent Cap doesn't tackle bigger Issue
Need to build more homes
other policies might be more effective
6. [SubmittedBy Ms.Prajakta Sawant
Roll No :- 2013022] Page6
Results of Rent Controls
1. Housing shortages will develop (Qd > Qs) and black markets will result. Example: Rent is $500
month, but the tenant pays a $2000 "key charge" as a way around the price control.
2. The future supply of housing will decline, since there is no incentive to build rental
housing AT market prices if the rental income will be BELOW market prices.
3. The quality of rental housing will deteriorate. Landlords will respond to rent controls by
reducing quality of rental housing, fewer repairs, less remodeling/painting, etc.
4. Inefficient use of housing. Rent control results in extremely low turnover of
housing. Nobody wants to give up a rent-controlled apartment, it becomes a valuable
asset. Example: Family with a 4BR apartment, kids grow up and move out, the parents don't
need a 4BR apartment but won't move from their rent-controlled apartment.
5. Long term renters with rent-controlled apartments benefit at the expense of newcomers. If
we move to NYC today, we may not be able to find housing because all affordable housing is
already taken by the existing tenants
7. [SubmittedBy Ms.Prajakta Sawant
Roll No :- 2013022] Page7
Improving rented housing supply
The ways to improve probleminSupplyof RentedHouse
Relaxationof planningcontrols
Tax incentivesfor“buildtorent”
Release of surplusland
Incentivesforbuildinginnovation
Buildmore social housing
Conclusion
Those in favor of rent controls counter these arguments by claiming that the demand and
supply curves of rented accommodation are very inelastic. Take the case of the demand
curve. People have got to live somewhere. If rent control is abolished, people will just have
to pay the higher rent, or become homeless; and given that people will only sacrifice their
home as a last resort, demand remains inelastic, and rents could rise to a very high level.
Despite its intentions to benefit tenants and create affordable housing, the overall effects of
rent controls are generally disastrous for most tenants - housing shortages, declining quality of
housing, inefficient use of housing, increases in discrimination, etc.