This document discusses gaps in guidance around the remediation planning phase of the land contamination management process in Australia. While legislation and guidelines provide extensive guidance for site assessment, there is little direction on subsequent remediation feasibility studies and remediation action plans. The document proposes that national guidelines be revised to provide a more holistic representation of the full management process, and promote the adoption of remediation feasibility studies and endorsed remediation action plans.
The document discusses the development of an Ecosystem Health Monitoring Program (EHMP) for streams and rivers in southeast Queensland, Australia. It outlines the process used to design a cost-effective monitoring program, including developing conceptual models, classifying waterways, pilot testing indicators, and a major field trial to evaluate the response of indicators to disturbance gradients. Key indicators were selected for the EHMP based on their ability to detect various types of disturbance and their association with catchment characteristics.
The document summarizes the environmental assessment and remediation work conducted to redevelop former industrial lands in Toronto's West Don Lands as the Athletes' Village for the 2015 Pan American Games. Key points include: past industrial uses led to soil and groundwater contamination; risk assessments identified exposure pathways and developed property-specific standards; limited soil remediation and risk management measures will support redevelopment within the accelerated timeline for the Games. Approvals are ongoing but risk assessments have been accepted, positioning the site for post-Games redevelopment.
The document discusses the development of additional guidance by the IPCC on estimating greenhouse gas emissions and removals from wetlands. It provides background on gaps identified in existing 2006 IPCC guidance. The IPCC will produce a 2013 supplement to address these gaps, focusing on rewetting and restoration of peatlands, and emissions from coastal and freshwater wetlands. The supplement will not cover flooded lands such as reservoirs. The document outlines the scope, chapter structure, and process for author nominations and development of the new wetlands guidance supplement.
The document summarizes the 2012 amendments to the Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement (GLWQA). Some of the key changes included expanding the scope to address new issues like climate change impacts and groundwater, increasing emphasis on pollution prevention, and establishing a new Great Lakes Executive Committee to advise the parties. The amendments also retained existing approaches for areas of concern, lakewide management of chemicals of mutual concern and nutrients, and principles like virtual elimination of toxic substances. Implementation will occur through continued binational coordination and each country's domestic mechanisms like the Clean Water Act in the US.
Environmental issues arise frequently on construction projects in Alberta. These issues can be complex and can result in regulatory investigations, litigation or significant unwanted publicity for project owners. This seminar by the Blakes Environmental Group will provide an overview of this rapidly changing area of the law and a discussion of best practices.
The document presents a logical framework matrix (LFM) for a research project aiming to develop appropriate remediation methods for contaminated sites in Egypt. The goal is to clean groundwater contaminants through stochastic analysis, determining contaminant distributions, and developing remediation methods. Project objectives are to predict contaminant migration and distributions in soil/water, and contaminant absorption. Outputs include contaminant transport models, distribution predictions, and remediation methods. Activities involve data collection, soil/water sampling, laboratory analysis, model verification, and field simulations. Performance will be measured by experimental validation and model comparisons. Risks include potential delays in data collection from government offices.
Mr. Pytlak has over 23 years of experience in environmental consulting and construction project management. He has extensive experience leading investigations and remediation of contaminated sites, including those involving PCBs, VOCs, PAHs, and metals under CERCLA and state programs. Some of his project experience includes the assessment and cleanup of a former electrical repair facility in Ohio and a transformer manufacturing site in Pennsylvania. He is skilled in developing sampling plans, remedial strategies, and obtaining regulatory approval and closure of sites.
The document discusses the development of an Ecosystem Health Monitoring Program (EHMP) for streams and rivers in southeast Queensland, Australia. It outlines the process used to design a cost-effective monitoring program, including developing conceptual models, classifying waterways, pilot testing indicators, and a major field trial to evaluate the response of indicators to disturbance gradients. Key indicators were selected for the EHMP based on their ability to detect various types of disturbance and their association with catchment characteristics.
The document summarizes the environmental assessment and remediation work conducted to redevelop former industrial lands in Toronto's West Don Lands as the Athletes' Village for the 2015 Pan American Games. Key points include: past industrial uses led to soil and groundwater contamination; risk assessments identified exposure pathways and developed property-specific standards; limited soil remediation and risk management measures will support redevelopment within the accelerated timeline for the Games. Approvals are ongoing but risk assessments have been accepted, positioning the site for post-Games redevelopment.
The document discusses the development of additional guidance by the IPCC on estimating greenhouse gas emissions and removals from wetlands. It provides background on gaps identified in existing 2006 IPCC guidance. The IPCC will produce a 2013 supplement to address these gaps, focusing on rewetting and restoration of peatlands, and emissions from coastal and freshwater wetlands. The supplement will not cover flooded lands such as reservoirs. The document outlines the scope, chapter structure, and process for author nominations and development of the new wetlands guidance supplement.
The document summarizes the 2012 amendments to the Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement (GLWQA). Some of the key changes included expanding the scope to address new issues like climate change impacts and groundwater, increasing emphasis on pollution prevention, and establishing a new Great Lakes Executive Committee to advise the parties. The amendments also retained existing approaches for areas of concern, lakewide management of chemicals of mutual concern and nutrients, and principles like virtual elimination of toxic substances. Implementation will occur through continued binational coordination and each country's domestic mechanisms like the Clean Water Act in the US.
Environmental issues arise frequently on construction projects in Alberta. These issues can be complex and can result in regulatory investigations, litigation or significant unwanted publicity for project owners. This seminar by the Blakes Environmental Group will provide an overview of this rapidly changing area of the law and a discussion of best practices.
The document presents a logical framework matrix (LFM) for a research project aiming to develop appropriate remediation methods for contaminated sites in Egypt. The goal is to clean groundwater contaminants through stochastic analysis, determining contaminant distributions, and developing remediation methods. Project objectives are to predict contaminant migration and distributions in soil/water, and contaminant absorption. Outputs include contaminant transport models, distribution predictions, and remediation methods. Activities involve data collection, soil/water sampling, laboratory analysis, model verification, and field simulations. Performance will be measured by experimental validation and model comparisons. Risks include potential delays in data collection from government offices.
Mr. Pytlak has over 23 years of experience in environmental consulting and construction project management. He has extensive experience leading investigations and remediation of contaminated sites, including those involving PCBs, VOCs, PAHs, and metals under CERCLA and state programs. Some of his project experience includes the assessment and cleanup of a former electrical repair facility in Ohio and a transformer manufacturing site in Pennsylvania. He is skilled in developing sampling plans, remedial strategies, and obtaining regulatory approval and closure of sites.
The Central Nevada Test Area covers 1,036 hectares and was the site of one underground nuclear test, Faultless, in 1968. Major long-term stewardship activities include groundwater monitoring and enforcing access restrictions due to subsurface contamination. Two mud pits containing contaminated soils were capped. Long-term costs are estimated at $40,000 annually through 2015, increasing periodically due to activities like monitoring well replacement. The site is expected to remain open space managed by the Department of Interior into the future.
The document summarizes a project review of the Landsat Data Continuity Mission (LDCM) conducted by the Standing Review Board (SRB). It discusses perspectives from the SRB Chair, Project Manager, and Review Manager. They emphasize developing a partnership with open communication between the project and SRB. The SRB provided recommendations to help the project succeed within requirements and schedule constraints. Conducting thorough planning and documentation for project reviews was important for the SRB to assess progress and ensure the success of the LDCM.
This document discusses the development of policy guidelines for wetland management in China. It provides background on China's wetlands, including types and areas. It outlines China's goals for wetland conservation by 2030. The project aims to develop guidelines on management planning, monitoring, constructing wetland parks, and wetland restoration. Achievements include draft guidelines, strengthening national coordination, and building partnerships and capacity. Recommendations include adopting ecological character descriptions, addressing local capacity gaps, and enhancing inter-agency cooperation.
George Leahy is the Vice President and leader of the NYC Metro Environment Business Unit. He has over 37 years of experience in environmental engineering, remediation, and water/wastewater projects. He manages over 340 professionals across 8 offices. Some of his representative projects include serving as project director for soil and groundwater remediation at International Specialty Products in NJ, and construction management of a $241 million landfill remediation and restoration project in Staten Island for NYCDEP. He has extensive experience in areas such as landfill closure design, dredging and sediment remediation, and leachate treatment system design.
The document discusses compensatory mitigation for losses of aquatic resources under Section 404 of the Clean Water Act. It provides an overview of mitigation policies and frameworks, explaining that mitigation follows a sequence of avoiding, minimizing, and compensating for impacts. It describes the roles of the Corps and EPA in administering the Section 404 permit program and mitigation requirements, including the Section 404(b)(1) guidelines calling for minimizing adverse impacts through mitigation.
This document discusses New York's new soil cleanup standards under Commissioner's Policy 51 (CP-51). It provides an overview of CP-51 and how it establishes soil cleanup objectives based on five land use categories and two overlays. It also discusses how institutional controls are used under guidance document DER-33. The document then provides two examples of how CP-51 and DER-33 would be applied to determine soil cleanup levels in real world contamination sites involving residential/commercial redevelopment and importing excess soil for backfill.
Lynas malaysia public communication july 13 2009 doe presentationLynas Malaysia
This presentation was conducted by DOE back in July 2009. The deck details the approval process Lynas went through to receive approvals for the construction of LAMP.
The Los Laureles landfill in Jalisco, Mexico receives over 900,000 tons of waste per year but is not utilizing appropriate waste management practices. Laboratory analysis found leachate from the landfill's ponds exceeded legal discharge limits for pollutants such as chromium. Gas modeling projected the landfill will produce over 4 times as much methane in the next 20 years compared to past production. To mitigate these issues, the study proposes a three-part approach: 1) constructing wetlands to treat leachate, 2) implementing an organic waste diversion program for composting, and 3) installing a biofilter cover to reduce methane emissions and extend the landfill's lifespan.
This document provides erosion and sediment control guidelines for the Wellington region. It discusses factors that influence erosion such as climate, soil characteristics, topography and ground cover. It outlines principles of erosion and sediment control including minimizing disturbance, protecting waterbodies, rapidly stabilizing exposed areas, and inspecting erosion and sediment control structures. Various erosion and sediment control measures are described such as runoff diversion channels, contour drains, sediment retention ponds, silt fences, and revegetation techniques. The document also provides erosion control guidance for activities like quarries, forestry operations, and works in waterbodies.
Estimation of Environmental Damages from Mining Pollution: The Marinduque Isl...No to mining in Palawan
Mining pollution has historically been a major source of degradation of natural resource systems such as river, coastal, and air (USEPA 1995). For this reason, mining, as an economic activity, is subject to major environmental regulations worldwide, including the Philippines. The Philippine mining sector, under Republic Act 7942 and DENR Administrative Order No. 96-40, is required to set up a Contingent Liability and Rehabilitation Fund (CLRF) for the purpose of providing compensation for damages and rehabilitation for any adverse effect a mining activity may cause to the environment.
Unfortunately, the current information on mining externalities is insufficient to be useful for policy set-ting. This study was undertaken partly to partly fill this information gap, particularly in the development of policy instruments which require information on social costs of mining, and partly to assist in the formulation of guidelines on damage assessment and compensation for the mining sector. This case study of the Estimation of Environmental Damages from Mining Pollution: The Marinduque Island Mining Accident was implemented.
1) The Los Laureles landfill in Jalisco, Mexico receives over 900,000 tons of waste per year but is not utilizing appropriate waste management practices and is not in compliance with regulations.
2) Analysis found high levels of pollutants like chromium in the landfill's leachate that exceed discharge limits and threaten the environment. Gas production modeling projects the landfill will produce over 4 times as much methane in the next 20 years than it has so far.
3) A three-part mitigation approach is proposed: constructing wetlands to treat leachate, installing a biofilter cover to reduce methane emissions, and diverting organic waste to an on-site comp
Moffett RAB Basewide Five-Year Review UpdateSteve Williams
Moffett RAB Basewide Five-Year Review Update
Restoration Advisory Board
Former NAS Moffett Field
January 14, 2010
Wilson Doctor, Navy
BRAC Program Management Office West
Environmental Permitting in Indian CountryAshleyTso1
During the Construction in Indian Country 2018 Annual Conference, Eunice Tso led a workshop session on Friday morning called “Environmental Permitting in Indian Country.”
Terry Schaffer is a senior environmental assessor with over 30 years of experience conducting environmental site assessments and remediation projects across Canada. He has performed nearly 500 phase 1 environmental site assessments of commercial and industrial properties. His experience also includes phase 2 assessments, remediation activities, hazardous materials sampling and management, and long-term groundwater monitoring. Key skills include excellent communication, independence, teamwork, and knowledge of environmental regulations and computer programs.
This document describes Project SIReN, a national initiative in the UK for researching monitored natural attenuation (MNA) of contaminated land. Project SIReN established a research site to study MNA under UK conditions. Characterization of the site revealed contamination in shallow groundwater including BTEX, trimethyl benzenes, and naphthalenes. Ongoing research projects are helping demonstrate MNA and improving understanding of natural attenuation processes in UK geology. The goals of Project SIReN are to promote MNA, facilitate its acceptance as a risk management option, and develop cost-effective approaches to demonstrating MNA efficacy.
Robert M. Bennett is an environmental scientist with over 7 years of experience in environmental consulting. He has experience
conducting Phase I and II ESAs, asbestos and lead-based paint inspections, air monitoring, and overseeing asbestos abatement
projects. He also has experience with soil sampling, data management, and project management. Mr. Bennett coordinates with clients,
regulators, attorneys, and subcontractors to provide cost-effective solutions for environmental concerns.
Randy Youngman has over 23 years of experience in environmental fields including ecological risk assessment, biological assessments, threatened and endangered species surveys, and natural resource impact analysis. He has served as a project manager for various state agencies and private clients on projects involving contamination assessments, ecological risk assessments, and natural resource studies. Mr. Youngman is experienced in conducting field work including species identification, threatened and endangered species surveys, and sample collection in support of environmental assessments and ecological risk assessments. He has managed projects involving wetlands restoration, sediment remediation, and environmental investigations for transportation and water management agencies.
Maryse Speckner has over 20 years of experience as an environmental engineer, including experience managing environmental projects, conducting site assessments and remediation, and ensuring regulatory compliance. She has a Bachelor's degree in Environmental Engineering and is a LEED Accredited Professional. Her experience includes managing projects involving underground storage tank assessments and closures, soil and groundwater remediation systems, and conducting environmental site assessments.
The amendments to Ontario Regulation 153/04 enhance the integrity of the Record of Site Condition process. They establish a more transparent and timely procedure for submitting RSCs with clearer environmental site assessment requirements. The amendments also implement updated soil quality standards and provisions to address conflicts of interest among Qualified Persons reviewing RSCs. This provides greater reliability of RSCs and protects public health and the environment.
Ep seminar presentation version 2 morgan mar 2013Andrew Morgan
This document discusses environmental plans for marine resource development projects. It provides an overview of the regulatory requirements for environmental plans in Australia, including their content, assessment criteria, and consultation requirements. The document aims to understand how different aspects of environmental plans are connected and to provide solutions to improve their preparation and acceptance by regulators.
This document discusses challenges from nuclear site clean-up and developments in the regulatory landscape. It outlines the roles of the Environment Agency and Office for Nuclear Regulation in regulating radioactive substances and sites. It also discusses expectations for successful land quality management at nuclear sites, including integrating radioactive and non-radioactive issues. The document describes guidance from the Environment Agency on optimizing radioactive waste management and releasing nuclear sites from regulation.
The Central Nevada Test Area covers 1,036 hectares and was the site of one underground nuclear test, Faultless, in 1968. Major long-term stewardship activities include groundwater monitoring and enforcing access restrictions due to subsurface contamination. Two mud pits containing contaminated soils were capped. Long-term costs are estimated at $40,000 annually through 2015, increasing periodically due to activities like monitoring well replacement. The site is expected to remain open space managed by the Department of Interior into the future.
The document summarizes a project review of the Landsat Data Continuity Mission (LDCM) conducted by the Standing Review Board (SRB). It discusses perspectives from the SRB Chair, Project Manager, and Review Manager. They emphasize developing a partnership with open communication between the project and SRB. The SRB provided recommendations to help the project succeed within requirements and schedule constraints. Conducting thorough planning and documentation for project reviews was important for the SRB to assess progress and ensure the success of the LDCM.
This document discusses the development of policy guidelines for wetland management in China. It provides background on China's wetlands, including types and areas. It outlines China's goals for wetland conservation by 2030. The project aims to develop guidelines on management planning, monitoring, constructing wetland parks, and wetland restoration. Achievements include draft guidelines, strengthening national coordination, and building partnerships and capacity. Recommendations include adopting ecological character descriptions, addressing local capacity gaps, and enhancing inter-agency cooperation.
George Leahy is the Vice President and leader of the NYC Metro Environment Business Unit. He has over 37 years of experience in environmental engineering, remediation, and water/wastewater projects. He manages over 340 professionals across 8 offices. Some of his representative projects include serving as project director for soil and groundwater remediation at International Specialty Products in NJ, and construction management of a $241 million landfill remediation and restoration project in Staten Island for NYCDEP. He has extensive experience in areas such as landfill closure design, dredging and sediment remediation, and leachate treatment system design.
The document discusses compensatory mitigation for losses of aquatic resources under Section 404 of the Clean Water Act. It provides an overview of mitigation policies and frameworks, explaining that mitigation follows a sequence of avoiding, minimizing, and compensating for impacts. It describes the roles of the Corps and EPA in administering the Section 404 permit program and mitigation requirements, including the Section 404(b)(1) guidelines calling for minimizing adverse impacts through mitigation.
This document discusses New York's new soil cleanup standards under Commissioner's Policy 51 (CP-51). It provides an overview of CP-51 and how it establishes soil cleanup objectives based on five land use categories and two overlays. It also discusses how institutional controls are used under guidance document DER-33. The document then provides two examples of how CP-51 and DER-33 would be applied to determine soil cleanup levels in real world contamination sites involving residential/commercial redevelopment and importing excess soil for backfill.
Lynas malaysia public communication july 13 2009 doe presentationLynas Malaysia
This presentation was conducted by DOE back in July 2009. The deck details the approval process Lynas went through to receive approvals for the construction of LAMP.
The Los Laureles landfill in Jalisco, Mexico receives over 900,000 tons of waste per year but is not utilizing appropriate waste management practices. Laboratory analysis found leachate from the landfill's ponds exceeded legal discharge limits for pollutants such as chromium. Gas modeling projected the landfill will produce over 4 times as much methane in the next 20 years compared to past production. To mitigate these issues, the study proposes a three-part approach: 1) constructing wetlands to treat leachate, 2) implementing an organic waste diversion program for composting, and 3) installing a biofilter cover to reduce methane emissions and extend the landfill's lifespan.
This document provides erosion and sediment control guidelines for the Wellington region. It discusses factors that influence erosion such as climate, soil characteristics, topography and ground cover. It outlines principles of erosion and sediment control including minimizing disturbance, protecting waterbodies, rapidly stabilizing exposed areas, and inspecting erosion and sediment control structures. Various erosion and sediment control measures are described such as runoff diversion channels, contour drains, sediment retention ponds, silt fences, and revegetation techniques. The document also provides erosion control guidance for activities like quarries, forestry operations, and works in waterbodies.
Estimation of Environmental Damages from Mining Pollution: The Marinduque Isl...No to mining in Palawan
Mining pollution has historically been a major source of degradation of natural resource systems such as river, coastal, and air (USEPA 1995). For this reason, mining, as an economic activity, is subject to major environmental regulations worldwide, including the Philippines. The Philippine mining sector, under Republic Act 7942 and DENR Administrative Order No. 96-40, is required to set up a Contingent Liability and Rehabilitation Fund (CLRF) for the purpose of providing compensation for damages and rehabilitation for any adverse effect a mining activity may cause to the environment.
Unfortunately, the current information on mining externalities is insufficient to be useful for policy set-ting. This study was undertaken partly to partly fill this information gap, particularly in the development of policy instruments which require information on social costs of mining, and partly to assist in the formulation of guidelines on damage assessment and compensation for the mining sector. This case study of the Estimation of Environmental Damages from Mining Pollution: The Marinduque Island Mining Accident was implemented.
1) The Los Laureles landfill in Jalisco, Mexico receives over 900,000 tons of waste per year but is not utilizing appropriate waste management practices and is not in compliance with regulations.
2) Analysis found high levels of pollutants like chromium in the landfill's leachate that exceed discharge limits and threaten the environment. Gas production modeling projects the landfill will produce over 4 times as much methane in the next 20 years than it has so far.
3) A three-part mitigation approach is proposed: constructing wetlands to treat leachate, installing a biofilter cover to reduce methane emissions, and diverting organic waste to an on-site comp
Moffett RAB Basewide Five-Year Review UpdateSteve Williams
Moffett RAB Basewide Five-Year Review Update
Restoration Advisory Board
Former NAS Moffett Field
January 14, 2010
Wilson Doctor, Navy
BRAC Program Management Office West
Environmental Permitting in Indian CountryAshleyTso1
During the Construction in Indian Country 2018 Annual Conference, Eunice Tso led a workshop session on Friday morning called “Environmental Permitting in Indian Country.”
Terry Schaffer is a senior environmental assessor with over 30 years of experience conducting environmental site assessments and remediation projects across Canada. He has performed nearly 500 phase 1 environmental site assessments of commercial and industrial properties. His experience also includes phase 2 assessments, remediation activities, hazardous materials sampling and management, and long-term groundwater monitoring. Key skills include excellent communication, independence, teamwork, and knowledge of environmental regulations and computer programs.
This document describes Project SIReN, a national initiative in the UK for researching monitored natural attenuation (MNA) of contaminated land. Project SIReN established a research site to study MNA under UK conditions. Characterization of the site revealed contamination in shallow groundwater including BTEX, trimethyl benzenes, and naphthalenes. Ongoing research projects are helping demonstrate MNA and improving understanding of natural attenuation processes in UK geology. The goals of Project SIReN are to promote MNA, facilitate its acceptance as a risk management option, and develop cost-effective approaches to demonstrating MNA efficacy.
Robert M. Bennett is an environmental scientist with over 7 years of experience in environmental consulting. He has experience
conducting Phase I and II ESAs, asbestos and lead-based paint inspections, air monitoring, and overseeing asbestos abatement
projects. He also has experience with soil sampling, data management, and project management. Mr. Bennett coordinates with clients,
regulators, attorneys, and subcontractors to provide cost-effective solutions for environmental concerns.
Randy Youngman has over 23 years of experience in environmental fields including ecological risk assessment, biological assessments, threatened and endangered species surveys, and natural resource impact analysis. He has served as a project manager for various state agencies and private clients on projects involving contamination assessments, ecological risk assessments, and natural resource studies. Mr. Youngman is experienced in conducting field work including species identification, threatened and endangered species surveys, and sample collection in support of environmental assessments and ecological risk assessments. He has managed projects involving wetlands restoration, sediment remediation, and environmental investigations for transportation and water management agencies.
Maryse Speckner has over 20 years of experience as an environmental engineer, including experience managing environmental projects, conducting site assessments and remediation, and ensuring regulatory compliance. She has a Bachelor's degree in Environmental Engineering and is a LEED Accredited Professional. Her experience includes managing projects involving underground storage tank assessments and closures, soil and groundwater remediation systems, and conducting environmental site assessments.
The amendments to Ontario Regulation 153/04 enhance the integrity of the Record of Site Condition process. They establish a more transparent and timely procedure for submitting RSCs with clearer environmental site assessment requirements. The amendments also implement updated soil quality standards and provisions to address conflicts of interest among Qualified Persons reviewing RSCs. This provides greater reliability of RSCs and protects public health and the environment.
Ep seminar presentation version 2 morgan mar 2013Andrew Morgan
This document discusses environmental plans for marine resource development projects. It provides an overview of the regulatory requirements for environmental plans in Australia, including their content, assessment criteria, and consultation requirements. The document aims to understand how different aspects of environmental plans are connected and to provide solutions to improve their preparation and acceptance by regulators.
This document discusses challenges from nuclear site clean-up and developments in the regulatory landscape. It outlines the roles of the Environment Agency and Office for Nuclear Regulation in regulating radioactive substances and sites. It also discusses expectations for successful land quality management at nuclear sites, including integrating radioactive and non-radioactive issues. The document describes guidance from the Environment Agency on optimizing radioactive waste management and releasing nuclear sites from regulation.
This technical manual from The City of Newcastle provides guidelines for managing contaminated land. It outlines procedures for early identification of contaminated sites, assessment of development applications involving contaminated land, and requirements for remediation works. Category 2 remediation works that comply with the site management provisions do not require development consent, but must notify Council 30 days before starting. Provisions address issues like hours of work, soil and water management, noise and dust control.
Greenhouse Gas Inventories -Scope and PurposetheREDDdesk
The IPCC guidelines for national greenhouse gas inventories were established to help countries produce consistent, transparent, and accurate emissions inventories as required by the UNFCCC. The guidelines provide tiered methodologies of increasing complexity. Tier 1 uses default emission factors while higher tiers use country-specific data. Key categories that make up 95% of emissions should use higher tiers. The guidelines have been updated over time to improve methods and are adopted by the UNFCCC to facilitate comparable inventories.
This document provides a summary of a presentation on stormwater management regulations in Virginia. It discusses updates to the Virginia Stormwater Management Program including shifting control from the state to local governments by July 2014. Local governments must develop stormwater programs by June 2013 that meet new regulatory requirements focused on reducing runoff volume and improving water quality. The presentation reviews tools and timelines to help local governments develop compliant stormwater programs.
The document discusses the SEA Directive and its implementation. It provides an overview of the directive's requirements, benefits, and opportunities for improvement. Some key points include:
1) There was delayed transposition of the directive into national law, but it is now established in all EU member states. Issues remain with some incorrect transpositions.
2) Benefits include better integration of environmental considerations into decision making, less mitigation needs, and increased transparency.
3) Opportunities for improvement include clarifying the scope and concepts and strengthening links to other environmental directives.
The document discusses the environmental obligations and requirements for contractors conducting exploration activities for marine minerals in the international seabed area. It outlines 7 key study areas that must be addressed in baseline environmental studies to gather oceanographic and environmental data: physical oceanography, geology, chemical oceanography, sediment properties, biological communities, bioturbation, and fluxes to sediment. It also discusses the requirements for an environmental impact assessment, environmental impact statement, and environmental management and monitoring plan that must be submitted to obtain exploitation contracts and mitigate environmental impacts.
This presentation was given as part of the EPA-funded Catchment Science and Management Course focusing on Integrated Catchment Management, held in June 2015. This course was delivered by RPS Consultants. If you have any queries or comments, or wish to use the material in this presentation, please contact catchments@epa.ie
It is increasingly being recognised internationally that integrated catchment management (ICM) is a useful organising framework for tackling the ongoing challenge of balancing sustainable use and development of our natural resource, against achieving environmental goals. The basic principles of ICM (Williams, 2012) are to:
• Take a holistic and integrated approach to the management of land, biodiversity, water and community resources at the water catchment scale;
• Involve communities in planning and managing their landscapes; and
• Find a balance between resource use and resource conservation
ICM is now well established in Australia, New Zealand, and the United States. In Europe the ICM approach has been proposed as being required to achieve effective water and catchment management, and is the approach being promoted by DEFRA for the UK, where it is called the “Catchment Based Approach” (CaBA). The principles and methodologies behind ICM sit well within the context of the Water Framework Directive with its aims and objectives for good water quality, sustainable development and public participation in water resource management. In Ireland it is proposed that the ICM approach will underlie the work and philosophy in developing and implementing future River Basin Management Plans.
The Great Barrier Reef faces threats from climate change, coastal development, and various forms of pollution. A joint Australian and Queensland government plan aims to reduce pollution from agriculture entering the reef's waters to protect its health and resilience. The plan sets targets for improved land management practices, reduced nutrient and sediment loads, and no loss of wetlands or degradation of riparian areas by 2020. Progress is measured using multiple lines of evidence from monitoring land practices, water quality, and ecosystem health to evaluate the plan's success in moving from paddock to reef-scale outcomes.
South east kowloon development kai tak approach channel reclamation.FelixGao
The document provides project details for the South East Kowloon Development - Kai Tak Approach Channel Reclamation project. It involves reclaiming approximately 28 hectares of land from the Kai Tak Approach Channel to accommodate planned development. Key aspects of the project include remediating contaminated sediments, extending drainage systems, and constructing advance portions of road tunnels. The project is expected to take approximately 5 years to complete and could interact with other nearby development projects.
The document summarizes regional land use planning in Alberta. It discusses the purpose of regional plans to define outcomes and plans for both public and private lands. It introduces the Alberta Land Stewardship Act which established regional planning. The Lower Athabasca Regional Plan is the first plan developed under this framework. It outlines conservation areas, recreation areas, management frameworks, ambient quality limits and triggers, and alignment of provincial and municipal plans.
The document presents Libya's National Action Plan for the coastal area to reduce pollution in the Mediterranean Sea. It outlines the plan's scope, geographic boundaries, environmental issues addressed, and local administrations involved. The plan was developed according to the Strategic Action Programme methodology agreed upon by Mediterranean countries. It identifies the main sources of land-based pollution in Libya's coastal region as urban and industrial wastewater and solid waste. The plan will work with local administrations to implement measures to manage these pollution sources and achieve its goal of reducing marine pollution by 50% by 2010.
Sandor SZALAI "Development of a framework for cost/benefit analysis of ecosys...Global Risk Forum GRFDavos
This document presents a framework for conducting cost-benefit analyses of ecosystem-based climate change adaptation actions in the Carpathian region of Central and Eastern Europe. The framework includes developing vulnerability assessments of ecosystems and habitats to climate change, identifying adaptation measures, quantifying the economic costs and benefits of measures, and conducting stakeholder engagement. A case study will apply the framework to select adaptation measures for vulnerable ecosystems and assess the changes in ecosystem services with and without the measures to inform decision making.
Natural England advises the UK government on designating protected areas and manages some of these areas. They are working to establish an ecological network of protected sites that are larger, more connected, and better able to help wildlife adapt to climate change. Some key programs include Nature Improvement Areas, which provide funding to connect and restore habitats, and marine conservation zones to protect marine environments.
Natural England advises the UK government on designating protected areas and manages some of these areas. They are working to establish an ecological network of protected sites that are larger, more connected, and better able to help wildlife adapt to climate change. Some key programs include Nature Improvement Areas, which provide funding to connect and restore habitats, and marine conservation zones to protect marine environments.
This document provides an overview and approach for revising the general permit for construction activities in California. It discusses moving towards a risk-based permit approach that establishes tiered implementation and monitoring requirements based on a project's sediment yield risk and the receiving water's sensitivity. A key goal is adopting a standard to avoid, minimize, and mitigate hydromodification impacts from new and redevelopment projects. Runoff reduction measures are also discussed as an option to address hydromodification impacts.
EIA an introduction - Case study wrt Coastal development & AquacultureKANTHARAJAN GANESAN
This document summarizes an environmental impact assessment for the Mumbai Coastal Road Project. It describes the objectives of the EIA study as establishing the baseline environmental conditions, identifying elements that could be affected, predicting impacts, and developing mitigation measures. The report structure includes chapters on project description, alternatives analysis, environmental description, anticipated impacts and mitigation measures, and an environmental management plan. The coastal road project aims to address traffic issues in the dense city of Mumbai by constructing a 29.2 km road along the western coast, and the EIA aims to assess the project's environmental impacts and ensure sustainable development.
Similar to Remediation, Clean-up and other non-NEPM concepts (20)
EIA an introduction - Case study wrt Coastal development & Aquaculture
Remediation, Clean-up and other non-NEPM concepts
1. e6274
Remediation, Clean-up and other non-
NEPM concepts
Anthony Lane, Lane Consulting, anthony.lane@laneconsulting.com.au
Peter Gringinger, Lane Consulting, peter.gringinger@laneconsulting.com.au
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
This paper explores the national, state and territory legislation, regulations and guidelines
to Land Contamination Management (LCM) process, and identifies the repetitious
guidance on the site assessment phases of the process and the dearth of guidance on the
remediation planning components of the process. The revision of the National
Environment Protection (assessment of Site Contamination) Measure and of AS4482.1 will
not provide guidance on post-assessment phases of the process.
We highlight that although the Remediation Action Plan (RAP) is an instrument formalized
in NSW and WA, guidance on remediation planning is rare. However, the RAP has
become ubiquitous in the CLM industry, due to the commercia pressures of needing to
documents the remediation planning process, despite it not having widespread legal
standing.
We describe alternative approaches from overseas, and explore the possibilities of utilizing
the Remediation Feasibility Study (RFS) process to direct more effort towards risk-based
remediation than HIL-driven clean up. This is also discussed in the context of the growing
concern amongst governments to apply ESD principles, both in the planning of
remediation and also in the growing demand for “intergenerational equity”- driven clean up.
It is proposed that the post-assessment phases of the CLM process are mad more
systematic with better guidance to industry. At the very least, a holistic representation of
the LCM process should be included in the revised NEPM and AS4482.1, and we should
be promoting the adoption of a phase in the LCM process for Remediation Feasibility
Study (RFS) and the adoption of an endorsed RAP document prior to any commitment to
remedial works.
BACKGROUND
The Land Contamination Management (LCM) process in Australia has evolved over the
past 20 years from a largely unregulated and predominantly “buyer beware” situation to
one in which we have a regulated approach. Some of the milestones in this short history
include:
• Ministerial Direction No.1 (Vic) 1989
• Certificates of Environmental Audit (Vic) 1989
• ANZEC Draft Guidelines for Assessment and Management of Contaminated Sites
1990
• Unhealthy Building Land Act (NSW) 1990
• Contaminated Land Act (Qld) 1991
• ANZECC/NHMRC Guidelines for Assessment and Management of Contaminated
Sites 1992
• Contaminated Lane Management Act (NSW) 1997
• Site Audit Statements (NSW) 1997
2. • SEPP Groundwaters of Victoria 1997
• AS 4482.1 - Sampling and Investigation of Potentially Contaminated Soil - 1997.
• NEPM Assessment of Contaminated Sites 1999
• Contaminated Sites Act (WA) 2003
The current published regulations and principal guidelines (with an emphasis on site
management and remediation aspects of the LCM) in each state and territory are
summarised in Table 1.
Table 1 Land Contamination Management Regulations & Guidelines
Principal Legislation Selected Guidelines
NSW Contaminated Land Management Act 1997 • Guidelines for Consultants Reporting of
Contaminated Sites
• Guidelines for NSW Auditor Scheme
• Draft Guidelines for Assessment and
Management of Groundwater
Contamination
VIC Environment Protection Act 1970 • Guidelines for Issue of Certificates and
SEPP Groundwaters of Victoria 1997 Statements of Environmental Audit
SEPP Protection and Management of • The Clean Up and Management of Polluted
Contamination of Land 2002 Groundwater
• Groundwater Attenuation Zones
QLD Environmental Protection Act 1994 • Draft Guidelines for Assessment and
Management of Contaminated Land in
Queensland
WA Contaminated Sites Act 2003 • Reporting on Site Assessments
Draft Contaminated Sites Regulations 2004 • Use of Monitored Natural Attenuation for
Site Remediation
• Bioremediation of hydrocarbon
contaminated soils in WA
SA Environment Protection Act 1993 • Soil Bioremediation
Draft Environment Protection (Site • Draft Environmental Management of Onsite
Contamination) Amendment Bill 2005 Remediation
TAS Environmental Management and Pollution • Landfarming Petroleum Contaminated Soil
Control Act 1994
NT Waste Management and Pollution Control Act
2003
ACT Environment Protection Act 1997
Contaminated Sites Environment Protection
Policy 2000
CofA National Environment Protection Council Act • National Environment Protection
1994 (NEPC) (Assessment of Site Contamination)
Environmental Protection and Biodiversity Measure 1999
Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC)
Note: AS4482 is relied on by NEPM
A notable feature of this summary is the plethora of very similar regulations and guidelines,
which inevitably arise in Australia due to our federal system where primary jurisdiction for
management of natural resources and the environment rests with the states and territories.
In contrast, New Zealand has a simpler governance system (national government and
regional councils) and an omnibus regulation, the Resource Management Act 1991, which
is combined with a series of comprehensive guidelines (MoH/MfE, 1997; MfE, 1997, 1999,
2003, 2003 a, 2004, 2004a, 2004b).
In addition to the state legislation, regulations and guidelines, a national guideline was
developed in the form of the Environmental Site Assessment NEPM (NEPC, 1999). The
current NEPM review process is documented elsewhere, however for the purpose of this
3. discussion the scope of ANZECC 1990, 1992 and NEPM 1999 is briefly described. Other
national guidance, notably AS4482.1 emerged in 1997 and assumed the status of quasi-
regulation with minimal community or industry consultation. This standard is also under
review, with substantial input from the ACLCA, however it still promotes a relatively
dogmatic approach to sampling design.
Table 2 summarises the content of the NEPM and its predecessor guidelines.
Table 2 Scope of National Guidelines on LCM
LCM Activity ANZECC 1990 ANZECC/NHMRC 1992 NEPM 1999
Prevention of Contamination ●
Qualification of Auditors ●
Community Consultation ● ● ●
Phase 1 Preliminary ESA ● ● ●
Phase 2 Detailed ESA ● ● ●
Laboratory Methods ●
Use of Criteria and “ILs” ● ● ●
Data interpretation ●
Health Risk Assessment ● ● ●
Ecological Risk Assessment ●
Hydrogeological Assessment ●
OHS Management ● ● ●
Remediation Screening/Strategy ● ●
Remediation Feasibility
Remediation Plans
Remediation Implementation
Validation & Reporting ●
Post-Remediation Management ●
Note: ESA = Environmental Site Assessment
Figure 1 illustrates a simplified representation of the LCM process as an idealized “cycle”,
for the purposes of this discussion. It also emphasises the goal of returning land to a
multi-purpose condition, or at least “fit for use” condition following clean up, “clean” being
practically unattainable.
The current Australian
“Clean” Site regulations and guidelines
focus on the Site
Site fit for Use Contamination Assessment and Risk
Assessment part of the LCM
cycle, with greater emphasis
Remediation Site Assessments on soil than groundwater,
especially in the eastern
Risk Assessment states where groundwater is
an unknown quantity to the
Figure 1 Land Contamination Management “Cycle” populus of our cities. (The
paucity of helpful guidance to
the community and practitioners on the rudiments of hydrogeological assessment is a topic
for another day).
While NEPM provides a welcome consolidation of guidance on site assessment, some
jurisdictions still rely on their own similar guidelines in preference (e.g. NSW EPA). NEPM
is the current focus for guideline makers in the LCM industry, although it can only promise
to address the assessment part of the LCM process, avoiding the more complex and high
commercial risk part of the cycle in which remediation is planned, designed and
implemented. There is no equivalent national process for developing the much needed
guidance on remediation components of the LCM cycle.
4. Typically, the costs associated with each phase of the LCM cycle increase exponentially
from Phase 1, through Phase 2 to Remediation. Further, the number of remediation
projects in Australia is growing, despite the best efforts of the few courageous risk
assessors in the market to moderate the enthusiasm of the “dig and dumpers”. Therefore,
it follows that we have a growing part of the LCM sector of the economy which is regulated
but largely unguided in most of Australia - a most unsatisfactory situation.
REMEDIATION PLANNING
The LCM cycle looks different depending on your perspective. The process from an
uninformed observer’s view might look like that represented in Figure 2.
A Contamination Problem? The notable feature of this view is that the
process moves immediately from a one step
NEPM site assessment to the remedial action
Phase 1 / Phase 2 ESA
necessary to rectify the problem. This may be
possible in the simplest cases of immobile
? Remediation surface contamination, but is rarely the case. A
responsible and prudent environmental
practitioner should break the process into more
Site Close Out phases with hold-points for decisions, and
development of scopes and costing for each
Figure 2: Simplistic View of LCM successive phase.
The typical consultant’s conventional view generally looks like that represented in Figure 3.
Not only does this include a phased approach to site assessment and provides for an
assessment of risk early in the process, but it also includes a Remedial Action Plan (RAP).
The RAP typically identifies the appropriate remediation scope and method, the means of
delivery, and presents costings (usually
A Contamination Problem? under separate cover) to give the client
an opportunity to integrate the remedial
NEPM Phase 1ESA strategy with their project plans. The RAP
is already widely adopted in the CLM
Phase 2 ESA industry, despite having no legal standing
Risk Assessment
in most states.
Post Phase 2 ESA
The RAP has been included in NSW
RAP
? guidance since 1995 as a key component
in the LCM framework, later regulated
Remediation Implementation
under the Contaminated Land
Management Act (NSW)1997. The NSW
BU’s restored CUTEP
RAP includes a key component in which
the selected remediation option is
Monitoring & Management
justified – this could be seen as a
feasibility assessment component. The
Site Close Out
NSW EPA guidelines on RAP
Figure 3: LCM Process – A Conventional View preparation (in EPA NSW, 1997) present
a useful template for other state
jurisdictions without such guidance, and were more recently adopted in a similar guideline
in WA.
5. Another feature of remediation documentation is the RAP jargon. A selection of the
terminology often used interchangeably, which make the meaning of some RAP
documents most ambiguous, includes; The Goal; Remediation Strategy; Targets;
Objectives; Performance Monitoring; Validation; Remediation Feasibility Assessment;
Clean Up to The Extent Practicable (CUTEP); NAPL CUTEP; Mothballing; Groundwater
Management Plan; MNA; Triggers; Contingency Measures. There are no authoritative
guidance in Australia as to the intended meaning of most of these terms in the context of a
RAP. The NEPM only assists with guidance on the assessment phases of the process.
It is well established in most jurisdictions, and in the NEPM, that remediation should be
justified on the basis of the assessed risk to human health or ecological systems.
However, there are a number of circumstances, especially where groundwater is
contaminated, that the risks may be acceptable but clean-up seems to be necessary. This
can arise where the responsible authority decides that the ESD principles, particularly
Intergenerational Equity and Precautionary Principles would make inaction unacceptable
to the community, thus becoming a driver for remediation action.
REMEDIATION FESIBILITY ASSESSMENT AND DESIGN
While the formal inclusion of RAP into the CLM process in Australia would be a welcome
innovation, this often only formalises a dogmatic approach to selection of remediation
method and strategies. The vast majority of RAPs still relate to “dig and dump”
remediation projects. In a growing number of complex cases, especially involving
groundwater, LNAPL and DNAPL and recalcitrant compounds, the remediation planning
phase needs to be a more substantial activity than experienced on most projects in the
Australian market.
The remediation components of the LCM cycle need to include a process for assessment
of the feasibility of various remediation strategies and methods – a Remediation Feasibility
Study (RFS). This has been a feature of the US system where complex large scale
remediation projects have been undertaken for many years.
It must also be recognized that the US experience would not be directly transferable due to
differences in the intensity of contaminating industries and the dependence on
groundwater supply (approximately 45% of US potable water supply is from groundwater
compared to less than say 2% in Australia). However, a brief discussion of the US
approach is instructive.
In the US there are two main federal programs for remediation of contaminated sites:
The RCRA Corrective Action Program (commenced in 1976)
The CERCLA “Superfund” program (commenced in 1980)
The Superfund cleanup process, for example, involves a highly prescribed and inflexible
system of site assessment and remediation planning including:
The Preliminary Assessment (PA) and Site Inspection (SI).
The inclusion of a site on the National Priorities List (NPL) via the Hazard Ranking
System (HRS) based on limited investigations and public consultation.
A Remedial Investigation/Feasibility Study (RI/FS) is performed at the site to
characterize site conditions, assess risk to human health and the environment and
conduct treatability testing of treatment technologies and detailed evaluation of
alternative remedial actions.
A Record of Decision (ROD) is made by the EPA on the remedial strategy.
6. Remedial Design (RD) is a separate phase where the remedial strategy is
transformed into a documented design to allow contractors to tender for the works.
The Remedial Action (RA) works follow.
The process is completed in a series of inspection, verification, risk assessment,
monitoring and maintenance, and institutional controls that may conclude in closure
with deletion of the site from the NPL.
The RCRA Corrective Action program has similarities to Superfund, although recent
changes, notably the “Brownfields” program in 2002 (enactment of the Small Business
Liability Relief and Brownfields Revitalization Act), recognised the inflexibility and high cost
of taking a large number of sites through this process. Regulators and site managers are
increasingly recognising the value of implementing a more dynamic approach to
streamline assessment and cleanup activities at brownfields sites and by advocating
innovative, more effective, less costly technological remediation approaches as well as
developing streamlined guidance and support (e.g. Brownfields Road Map; USEPA, 2005).
It is notable that the emphasis of these processes is intended to be the remediation of
sites, their assessment being a given (a well understood and documented process
evolving since the 1970s).
Other national jurisdictions have also developed processes for guiding remediation efforts
under different legal backgrounds (e.g. UK and Germany), but with similar procedural
structures. A most contemporary and potentially more intuitively familiar process to
Australians than the US EPA processes has been developed in the UK through recent
guidance in CLR11 (EA UK/DEFRA, 2004). Another innovative process focused on
“Contaminated Mega-sites” in Europe is the so-called “Welcome” project lead by the Dutch
agency TNO (www.euwelcome.nl/kims/index.php). This again focuses on the risk-based
clean up and management of complex sites or districts.
Site Assessments/ The UK process for contaminated land
Risk Assessment management detailed in CLR11 (Figure 4)
provides a useful model for consideration in
Remediation Options
Identification
Australia. It is founded on a risk-based
Remediation
approach with remediation feasibility
Appraisal
Options
Remediation Options
assessment, remediation design and planning,
Evaluation and long term management components.
These are all aspects required in the successful
Remediation Strategy implementation of any complex contaminated
land management project.
Remediation Implementation Plan The CLM components we should be adopting
following the site assessment and risk
Implementation of
Design, Implementation & Verification assessment phases, would involved an initial
step to define clean up goals, objectives and
Remediation
Long Term Monitoring targets, which may be in the form of restoring
Strategy
beneficial uses of environmental segments
Site Close Out affected by contamination, or can be risk based.
An initial screening of available remediation
Figure 4: Simplified process of technologies and evaluation of their applicability
managing land contamination in the UK to site-specific conditions (technical, logistical
and financial), leading to selection of the most
appropriate option or combination of options (at the same time or consecutively - treatment
trains), defined and documented in detail in the Remediation Strategy.
7. Depending on the size of the site and complexity of the contamination issues, a more or
less extensive remedial investigation and feasibility study step in the process is required,
including pilot trials, treatability studies as well as more detailed financial analysis and
comparison of remediation options. The outcome of this process is the selection of the
remediation approach and provision of remediation design parameters, which will be used
in a remediation design phase. It is debatable whether a separate Remediation Design
phase is warranted in many cases, as many projects are undertaken on a “design and
construct” basis in which the RFS report is provided as the basis for the contractor to
tender and provide draft RAP documents. This keeps it relatively simple, although in the
most complex cases a separate design phase by the project owner may be justified.
The idealised LCM process including the RFS and RAP is summarised in Figure 5.
A Contamination Problem? The next step involves development
of implementation and management
NEPM Phase 1ESA plans for the remediation works, to
allow comprehensive documentation
Phase 2 + 3? ESA Risk Assessment of all steps in the remediation effort,
and provide the required data and
Define Goals / Objectives / Targets information for decisions on
remediation completion (CUTEP or
? Remediation Screening / Evaluation clean up to restore beneficial uses),
remediation optimisation or
Remediation Strategy contingency measures, if required.
RAP
Pilot Trials
RI / FS
Treatability Studies
Cost Analysis Additionally, procedures are required
for remediation implementation and
Remedy Selection / (Design) management, monitoring and
performance assessment and reviews
Remediation Implementation & until remediation targets are achieved
Management Plans
and/or beneficial uses of the segment
of the environment are restored. Plus
Clean up Targets Achieved?
work plans & programs, construction
& commissioning, OM&M, triggers,
CUTEP
contingencies, performance reporting,
remediation system optimisation,
Ongoing Monitoring & EPA Review or request for
Management termination of Monitoring & validation and verification of
Management remediation efforts, and
environmental and health & safety
Site Close Out management during remediation.
Figure 5: LCM Process – A Comprehensive View
Many remediation efforts will undergo
further regulatory controls, either in the form of institutional or administrative controls and
ongoing monitoring of the long-term attainment of the remediation goals. This requires a
final step of regular reviews and the possibility to terminate regulatory controls and to
achieve final site close out.
While wholesale adoption in Australia of this process or the UK type of guideline is unlikely
in the short term, it would be appropriate for environmental authorities to recognise the
need for such guidance. At the very least, a holistic representation of the LCM process
should be included in the revised NEPM and AS4482.1, and we should be promoting the
adoption of a phase in the LCM process for Remediation Feasibility Study (RFS) and
adoption of an endorsed RAP document prior to any commitment to remedial works.
8. REFERENCES
Australia and New Zealand Environment Council & National Health and Medical Research
Council 1990: Draft Australian Guidelines for the Assessment and Management of
Contaminated Sites. June 1990.
Australia and New Zealand Environment and Conservation Council & National Health and
Medical Research Council 1992: Australian and New Zealand Guidelines for the
Assessment and Management of Contaminated Sites. January 1992.
Environment Agency and Department of Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (EA
UK/DEFRA) 2004: Model Procedures for the Management of Land Contamination.
Contaminated Land Report 11, September 2004.
Environment Protection Authority NSW 1997 Contaminated Sites, Guidelines for
Consultants Reporting on Contaminated Sites.
Ministry of Health & Ministry for the Environment (MoH/MFE): 1997; Health and
Environmental Guidelines for selected Timber Treatment Chemicals, Wellington, June
1997.
Ministry for the Environment (MfE) 1997: Guidelines for Assessing and Managing
Contaminated Gasworks Site in New Zealand. Wellington, August 1997.
Ministry for the Environment (MfE) 1999: Guidelines for Assessing and Managing
Petroleum Hydrocarbon Contaminated Sites in New Zealand. Wellington, June 1999.
Ministry for the Environment (MfE) 2003: Reporting on Contaminated Sites in New
Zealand. Contaminated Land Management Guidelines No. 1, Wellington, October 2003.
Ministry for the Environment (MfE) 2003a: Hierarchy and Application in New Zealand of
Environmental Guideline Values. Contaminated Land Management Guidelines No. 2,
Wellington, November 2003.
Ministry for the Environment (MfE) 2004: Risk Screening System. Contaminated Land
Management Guidelines No. 3, Wellington, February 2004.
Ministry for the Environment (MfE) 2004a: Classification and Information Management
Protocol. Contaminated Land Management Guidelines No. 4, Wellington, June 2004.
Ministry for the Environment (MfE) 2004b: Site Investigation and Analysis of Soils.
Contaminated Land Management Guidelines No. 5, Wellington, February 2004.
National Environment Protection Council (NEPC) 1999: National Environment Protection
(Assessment of Site Contamination) Measure 1999.
Standards Australia 1997: Guide to the sampling and investigation of potentially
contaminated soil, Part 1: Non-volatile and semi-volatile compounds. AS4482.1-1997.
USEPA 2005: Road Map to Understanding Innovative Technology Options for Brownfields
Investigation and Cleanup, Fourth Edition. EPA-542-B-05-001, September 2005.