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Heavy trucks currently idle their diesel engines or use auxiliary power units to provide electricity and air conditioning for drivers while sleeping, which is inefficient and polluting. A hybrid Stirling engine and adsorption cooling technology could provide a more efficient and lower emissions alternative for next generation auxiliary power units. This system would utilize waste heat from the Stirling engine to power an adsorption refrigeration cycle, providing quiet operation without expensive emissions controls. Research is ongoing to develop and test such a system.
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Similar to Release Draft Low Res
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A Stirling engine is a heat engine that operates by cyclic compression and expansion of air or other gas (the working fluid) at different temperatures, such that there is a net conversion of heat energy to mechanical work. More specifically, a closed-cycle regenerative heat engine with a permanently gaseous working fluid.
Cogeneration
Cogeneration systems produce both electricity and useful thermal energy in a single integrated system to improve efficiency. This document discusses cogeneration systems that use steam turbines, gas turbines, or reciprocating engines as the prime mover. Steam turbine cogeneration systems can be backpressure or extraction condensing configurations. Gas turbine cogeneration systems operate on the Brayton cycle of compressing, heating, and expanding air. Cogeneration provides benefits like increased efficiency, lower emissions, and cost savings compared to separate thermal and electrical systems.
L356367
This document summarizes research on modeling and experimentally analyzing a generator for a vapor absorption refrigeration system. The researchers designed a prototype system using heat from exhaust gases to vaporize an ammonia-water working fluid in a plate heat exchanger generator, replacing a heating coil generator typically used. They analyzed the available heat in exhaust gases from an internal combustion engine and modeled the plate heat exchanger. The document describes the components and working of an ammonia-water vapor absorption refrigeration system, specifications of the internal combustion engine used, design calculations for the plate generator, and presents conclusions on utilizing exhaust heat and further modeling needed.
L356367
This document summarizes research on modeling and experimentally analyzing a generator for a vapor absorption refrigeration system. The researchers designed a prototype system using heat from exhaust gases to vaporize an ammonia-water working fluid in a plate heat exchanger generator, replacing a heating coil generator typically used. They analyzed the available heat in exhaust gases from an internal combustion engine and modeled the plate heat exchanger. The document describes the components and working of an ammonia-water vapor absorption refrigeration system, specifications of the internal combustion engine used, design calculations for the plate generator, and presents conclusions on utilizing exhaust heat and further modeling needed.
GLOBAL CEMENT ARTICLE
1) Around 47% of the thermal energy used in cement production is wasted, with 35% of that waste heat recoverable to generate up to 30% of a plant's electricity needs.
2) Waste heat recovery reduces operating costs and increases profits, but has not been widely implemented except in China where most installations use steam turbines.
3) New organic Rankine cycle technology provides an alternative to steam turbines for cement plant waste heat recovery, offering efficiencies at lower temperatures without complex vacuum systems.
Bz4301441444
This document summarizes a proposed system for using waste heat from an automobile engine to power an air conditioning system using a vapor absorption refrigeration cycle. It begins by outlining the limitations of current vapor compression refrigeration systems used in automobiles that require extra engine power. The proposed system would instead use a vapor absorption cycle, which uses heat rather than mechanical work to drive the refrigeration process. This allows it to utilize the waste heat from the engine exhaust. The document then discusses the availability and temperature of waste heat from internal combustion engines. It provides details on the working principles of vapor absorption refrigeration and the common working fluids of ammonia and water. Finally, it summarizes the advantages of the proposed system and concludes that it is
IRJET- Performance and Evaluation of Aqua Ammonia Air Conditioner System ...
This document discusses the performance evaluation of an aqua-ammonia air conditioning system for automobiles that uses waste exhaust heat from the vehicle engine. The study examines how the generator and absorption refrigeration system can utilize the available waste heat. Results found that the cooling capacity was affected by the ammonia concentration and provided acceptable cooling between 1-1.5 tons. The coefficient of performance was highest at higher generator and evaporator temperatures but decreased with increasing condenser and absorber temperatures. Overall, the study shows that an aqua-ammonia vapor absorption system has the potential to provide air conditioning for vehicles using only waste exhaust heat from the engine.
Poster Release Final 2
1) Researchers at NUI Galway are developing a next-generation auxiliary power unit (APU) for heavy trucks using a free-piston Stirling engine coupled to a waste-heat driven adsorption chiller.
2) Preliminary modeling results indicate the proposed system could offer significant benefits over conventional diesel and combustion-engine based APUs by being virtually silent, maintenance-free, and producing zero emissions without aftertreatment.
3) Researchers have built a prototype of the Stirling-adsorption system and are currently testing it at NUI Galway to benchmark it against a leading conventional APU and further validate system models.
Ice Slurry TES for TIC
This document discusses applying a vacuum ice thermal storage (VIM TES) system to a peaking gas turbine power plant to improve performance and reduce costs. The VIM TES system would produce ice slurry to cool the gas turbine's compressor inlet, allowing it to operate at lower temperatures than the existing chiller system. Modeling shows the VIM TES could decrease chiller parasitic power consumption by 25% and increase the turbine's net power output by 12% compared to the current system. The feasibility analysis is based on operational data from the plant's 47MW gas turbine over one year.
Waste heat recovery .pptx
This document discusses waste heat recovery techniques in car engines and the role of nanotechnology applications. It describes how up to 70% of energy in internal combustion engines is wasted as heat in exhaust and coolant systems. Various waste heat recovery technologies are examined, including thermoelectric generators, Rankine cycles, organic Rankine cycles, and turbocharging. Nanotechnology can improve heat transfer by using nanofluids with higher thermal conductivity in coolant systems. Recovering even a portion of wasted heat could improve fuel efficiency and reduce emissions.
IRJET- A Review Paper on Air-Conditioner Works on Exhaust Gas
This document reviews a proposed air conditioning system for automobiles that uses an absorption refrigeration cycle powered by waste heat from the vehicle's exhaust gases, rather than the conventional vapor compression cycle driven by the engine. It begins with an introduction comparing vapor absorption and compression cycles. Then it discusses the proposed system using ammonia as the refrigerant and exhaust heat as the energy source. The remainder of the document reviews relevant literature on vapor absorption automobile air conditioning systems that also aim to make use of waste exhaust heat rather than engine power. It discusses several studies that analyzed systems using lithium bromide-water and ammonia-water working pairs to power absorption refrigeration cycles for automotive air conditioning.
Saving energy with cooling towers
This document discusses various ways to optimize water-cooled cooling systems to reduce energy use. It describes how the efficiency of individual components like chillers and cooling towers has improved over time but greater savings are possible by optimizing overall system design and operation. Some strategies discussed include modulating cooling tower fan speed based on load to balance chiller and fan energy use, using closer cooling tower approach temperatures to lower chiller energy, controlling multi-cell tower fans simultaneously at lower speeds, and optimizing condenser water flow. Proper implementation of these strategies can significantly reduce cooling system energy use.
1 biomass looking_for siemens
This document discusses biomass power generation and the use of steam reheat technology to improve plant efficiency. It provides context on regulations driving biomass investment and describes Siemens' dual-casing reheat concept. The reheat concept increases efficiency by reheating steam before the low-pressure turbine, enabling efficiencies over 35%. Example projects using Siemens' reheat solutions include 20MW biomass plants in Germany and a 23MW plant in Vienna, demonstrating the technology's increasing role in biomass power.
IRJET- Improve the Efficiency of Combined Cycle Power Plant
This document discusses methods to improve the efficiency of combined cycle power plants. It begins with an introduction to combined cycle power plants, which improve efficiency by capturing waste heat from a gas turbine to power a steam turbine. Recent research has achieved total efficiencies of 50-60%. The document then discusses several proposed methods to further improve efficiency, such as increasing steam temperatures and pressures or implementing reheat. Calculations show these methods could increase the net efficiency of steam turbines by 22.1%, gas turbines by 12.9%, and the steam part of combined cycle plants by 4.2%. The conclusion states that improving efficiency is important as global energy demand grows to produce more electricity at lower cost.
Power point stirling engine
The document provides information about the design and fabrication of a Stirling engine. It discusses that a Stirling engine operates through the cyclic compression and expansion of air or other gas. It also mentions that the inclusion of a regenerator is what differentiates a Stirling engine from other closed cycle hot air engines. Originally conceived in 1816, its practical use was largely confined to low-power domestic applications for over a century.
E012262226
The document describes a water cooling system that uses engine exhaust heat from a two-wheeler engine. The system uses an adsorber bed filled with activated carbon to adsorb R134a refrigerant. Exhaust from the engine passes through the adsorber bed, heating it and causing the refrigerant to evaporate. The evaporated refrigerant then passes through a coil that acts as an evaporator, cooling water passed through it. After condensing, the refrigerant is expanded through a valve and re-adsorbed in the bed, completing the cycle. Experimental results showed the system could cool 2 liters of water to 19°C within 30 minutes, using only waste heat from the engine exhaust. The system provides
78201906
This document summarizes a study on an adsorption refrigeration system for truck cabin cooling using engine exhaust heat. The proposed system uses two adsorbers, two condensers and an evaporator connected with two control valves. Experimental testing of a 1 kW prototype showed a cooling capacity of 1-1.2 kW and a COP of 0.4-0.45. The system uses a compact design with minimal components, making it portable for truck integration. Graphs show the system's refrigeration capacity, COP and heating time vary with exhaust gas temperature. The study concludes the proposed system can provide refrigeration without impacting engine efficiency and is a viable option for truck cabin cooling.
IRJET- IC Engine Waste Heat Recovery Systems
The document summarizes various waste heat recovery systems for internal combustion engines. It discusses organic Rankine cycle systems and thermoelectric generator systems for recovering heat from engine exhaust gases. Organic Rankine cycle systems use a turbine to convert the thermal energy of exhaust gases into electricity via a Rankine cycle. Thermoelectric generators use the Seebeck effect to directly convert a temperature difference into electricity. The document analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of these waste heat recovery technologies and their potential to improve engine efficiency and reduce emissions.
Presentation 2
This document discusses organic Rankine cycle power generation. It describes the working principle, which involves using a pump to pressurize an organic fluid, heating it to vaporize it using a heat source, expanding the vapor through a turbine to produce power, and condensing the fluid to return it to the pump. Key components and considerations for the organic fluid and system design are discussed. Applications mentioned include waste heat recovery, biomass power, and solar power. Advantages include high efficiency and the ability to use low-grade heat sources.
Similar to Release Draft Low Res (20)
IRJET- Performance and Evaluation of Aqua Ammonia Air Conditioner System ...
IRJET- Performance and Evaluation of Aqua Ammonia Air Conditioner System ...
IRJET- A Review Paper on Air-Conditioner Works on Exhaust Gas
IRJET- A Review Paper on Air-Conditioner Works on Exhaust Gas
IRJET- Improve the Efficiency of Combined Cycle Power Plant
IRJET- Improve the Efficiency of Combined Cycle Power Plant
Release Draft Low Res
- 1. Heavy trucks are forced to idle their main engines in order to provide for “hotel loads” i.e. electrical power and air conditioning when the driver sleeps in their cab. This is highly polluting and fuel inefficient and has been made illegal in many places. Therefore, smaller more suitably sized“auxiliary power units”(APUs) are used instead.Vir- tually all of these APUs are diesel engine-vapor compression refriger- ation systems which face difficulties of their own. The Next Step The Bottom Line Using a hybrid Stirling engine-adsorption cool- ing technology in a next generation APU would enable the creation of a quiet, low mainte- nance system that is more fuel effi- cient than current technology and meets emissions requirements without any expen- sive exhaust after-treatment. Adsorption refrigeration is virtually identical to va- por-compression refrigera- tion except that the com- pression is produced via thermal means as opposed to piston work. By using special water adsorbent materials like zeolite it is possible to deliver cooling at a coefficient of performance (COP) of 0.5 using low temperature (<100°C) waste heat such as that found in the cooling loops of Stirling or diesel engines. Next Generation Auxiliary Power Unit for Heavy Trucks Using a Hybrid Stirling Engine-Adsorption Cooler System to Reduce Emissions and Fuel Consumption Cooling with Heat - The Adsorption Cycle Introduction Ongoing APU Research at NUI Galway The author is extremely greatful for the continuing support and advice of Mr. Patrick Kelly, Mr. William Kelly and Mr. Aodh Dalton. This ongoing research is made possible through scholarship funding from the Irish Research Coun- cil via an Enterprise Partnership with Thermo King. Acknowledgements Fig. 1 Class-8 Heavy Truck Fig. 4 Zeolite coated heat exchanger Next Generation Engine - The Stirling Engine? Diesel engines produce many unwant- ed emissions such as NOx, CO and diesel particulates that require expensive treatment to meet emissions regu- lations. Vapor-compression refrig- eration systems use environ- mentally damaging refrigerants which are slowly being phased out. The long-term future of both these technologies is unsustainable. Problems with Current Technology Stirling engines operate on a closed thermodynamic cycle meaning that they can be driven via external combustion and so they will inherently be quiet and produce clean emissions without after treatment. Additionally, the amount of easily extractable waste heat in a Stirling engine is twice that of a diesel engine. This heat, which would other- wise be rejected, can instead be used to provide useful work and thus increase the overall fuel utilization of an APU. Fig. 3 Whispergen 850 WeKinematic Stirling Engine Fig. 6 Experimental data showing the waste heat output at different temperatures from the Whis- pergen Stirling engine. This waste heat can be used to drive an adsorption refrigeration cycle and increase overall system efficiency and energy utilization of an APU. A Whispergen PPS 16 Stirling Engine is currently undergoing experimental testing to quanti- fy the amount of waste heat available from a typical 1 kWe commercial grade engine. This experimental data is being used as an input to a static system model to predict ad- sorption cooler performance. Fig. 5 Whispergen PPS16 Stirling Engine undergoing testing at NUI Galway A prototype Stirling engine-chiller system will be built. A dynamic system model will be made to in- vestigate transient behaviour and controlla- bility. The potential economic bene- fits of utilizing waste heat from the main truck engine while driving will be quantified. Fig. 7 Free-Piston Engine Barry Flannery a , Niall Chambers a , Harald Berresheim b , Rory Monaghan a a Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Ireland, Galway b Department of Physics, National University of Ireland, Galway Email: barryflannery@gmail.com Fig. 2 Thermo King TriPac Evolution APU