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1. 1
Welcome

2. 2
Md Suzauddula
IMPA, NCHU
Topic of Lecture:
Relation between diet, disease and exercise

3. TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. General Information
2. Terminology related to Diet, disease and exercise
3. Scientific methods for study
4. Results and outcome
5. Discussion
6. Q&A

4. Effects of exercise on high fat
‑ diet–induced
non alcoholic fatty liver
‑ disease and lipid
metabolism in ApoE knockout mice
The influence of high-fat and high-sucrose
feeding regimes on organ weight, body
weight, and serum concentration of
bioelements in rats

5. Abbreviations
HS = High Sucrose
C = Control Group
HSB =High Sucrose Binge (partially
available)
IHSB =Intermediate High Sucrose Binge
HF = High Fat
HFB =High Fat Binge
IHFB =Intermediate High Fat Binge
WT =Wild Type
KO/Null=Missing of Particular Gene
PCA =Principal Component Analysis
Zn =Zinc
Cu =Copper

6. How high fat or high sucrose
food looks like?
INTRODUCTION
Body Weight
Organs Weight
Bio-elements assay

7. Organ weight:
INTRODUCTION

8. Some background Fatcs and Concern:
Obesity: Obesity is defined as the pathological accumulation of adipose tissues in the body that exceeds its
physiological needs and adaptation capabilities and may lead to adverse health effects:
In 2019, approximately 38.2 million children under the age of 5 years were overweight or obese. (Can any
one say where was the height percentage found?)
WHO stat. : According to the statistics of World Health Organization (WHO), in 2016, more than 1.9 billion
people over the age of 18 years were overweight (39 % of men and 40 % of women), of whom more than 650
million adults were obese. Overall, in 2016, 13 % of the world’s adult population (11 % men and 15 %
women) were obese.
Obesity is caused due to positive energy balance, i.e., when the energy supply (consumption of food rich in
sugars and fats) exceeds the energy expenditure (e.g., low physical activity).
INTRODUCTION
Background and statistics

9. Development of metabolic
syndromes.
Improper Body Weight
Organ weight:
INTRODUCTION
What happened if we exposed to high fat sugar
food?

10. INTRODUCTION
Does obesity is only physical?

11. Bio-elements

12. So…..
Why organ might be gain weight !!
How fat or sucrose (excess kcal) could be support the organs
to gain weight
And, Why bio elements are could affect by high kcal food !!

13. Methods and Materials
M; Age?
BW 290–310 g
22 ◦C ± 1 ◦C;
humidity, 50 %)
1W
Adaptation 4W Treatment

14. Blood collection and metal analysis
Centrifuged for 15 min at 3000 rpm
1 mL of the serum
4 mL of deionized water
Flame atomic
absorption
spectrometry
Methods and Materials

15. Results and Discussion
High Fat -Sucrose and
Organs weight
HSB HFB
HS HF
IHSB IHFB
High Sucrose -2h/d
Normal diet -22h/d
High Sucrose 24h/d
High Sucrose 2h/3d
+Normal diet -22h/3d
Normal diet-24h/4d
High Fat-2h/d
Normal diet -22h/d
High Fat 24h/d
High Fat 2h/3d
+Normal diet -22h/3d
Normal diet-24h/4d

17. Weight analysis
high sucrose 2 h and
standard feed 22 h/day
Why? Excess sugar in diet is converted into acetyl-CoA and is used in lipid synthesis. Therefore, sugar may highly
influence the metabolic states in an organism.
high fat 2 h and standard feed
22 h for 3 days and standard
feed 24 h for 4 days/week
High Fat -Sucrose and
Organs weight
(HSB – high sucrose 2h/d ; HS – high sucrose; IHSB – intermittent high sucrose 2h/3d; HFB – high fat 2h/d; HF – high fat; IHFB – intermittent high fat 2h/3d)
Are they
significant?

18. The weight of individual organs compared
with total body weight
High Fat -Sucrose and
Organs weight
% weight of organs
(HSB – high sucrose 2h/d ; HS – high sucrose; IHSB – intermittent high sucrose 2h/3d; HFB – high fat 2h/d; HF – high fat; IHFB – intermittent high fat 2h/3d)

19. Effect of diet on organ weight
High Fat -Sucrose and
Organs weight
14 % 9 % 3 % 5 %
11 % 7 %
(HSB – high sucrose 2h/d ; HS – high sucrose; IHSB – intermittent high sucrose 2h/3d; HFB – high fat 2h/d; HF – high fat; IHFB – intermittent high fat 2h/3d)

20. Zinc and copper levels in
blood serum
High Fat -Sucrose and
Organs weight
Zinc Copper
18 %
18 %
(HSB – high sucrose 2h/d ; HS – high sucrose; IHSB – intermittent high sucrose 2h/3d; HFB – high fat 2h/d; HF – high fat; IHFB – intermittent high fat 2h/3d)

21. PCA Assay
High Fat -Sucrose and
Organs weight
 PCA computational method was the complementary method used in this study.
 This method was used to reduce the input measurement data area to the necessary minimum, which in turn
allowed to reliably describe the mutual correlations in the examined data area.
Clearly shows the presence of two separate
clusters. This confirms the presence of
similarity within a given cluster and absence
of similarity between the two clusters.
wB – weight of body; wK – weight of kidneys; wT – weight of testes; wL – weight of liver; wP – weight of pancreas; wS – weight of spleen
The direction of the arms shows an upward
trend regarding weight of individual organs,
and levels of Cu and Zn.

22. Overview of the result
High Fat -Sucrose and
Organs weight
Rats with unlimited access to high fat diet (HF) and
restricted intake of high sugar diet have elevated body
weight in comparison to the control.
Obesity
The heaviest organ weights were recorded in the HSB rats
compared to the control group.
Chronic organ
disease/damage
On the other hand, an average 20 % decrease in zinc
concentration was observed in rats fed with high-fat diet
compared to the control
Can destroy pancreatic
beta cells
Moreover, an 18 % decrease in copper levels was observed
in rats that had periodic access to high-fat diet every 2 h
daily and for 2 h every other day compared to the control.
Muscle Weakness, Anemia, Low White
Blood Cell Count, Neurological
Problems, And Paleness.
Consequences

23. This study showed that exposure to both HF and HS diets increased animal body
weight. However, the chemometric analysis revealed that diets did not have the same
effect in both the investigated groups.
On the other hand principal component analysis revealed greater organ weights and
serum Zn and Cu in the high sucrose group. Thus it appears the high sucrose diet
had a greater impact on the parameters measured here than high fat diet.
Conclusion

24. INTRODUCTION
Effects of exercise on high fat
‑ diet–induced
non alcoholic fatty liver
‑ disease and lipid
metabolism in ApoE knockout mice

25. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
High Fat and Exercise
INTRODUCTION
How liver
transform
ation
looks
like?

26. Lets see some background
Prevalence of NAFLD is approximately
25%; 21%–24.7% 12.5%–38% 12%–51% 23%–26% 27% 4-18.4%
103 and 188 billion
USD
??
Annual
economic
burden
caused by
NAFLD
INTRODUCTION
High Fat and Exercise

27. Does Fat is related to
NAFLD ?
High Fat and Exercise

28. Oxidative stress in mitochondria
de novo lipogenesis
The lipids In
liver
Free fatty acids
from blood
De novo
lipogenesis
Dietary intake
So how its occurred?
High Fat and Exercise

29. Relation of NAFL
with exercise
A sedentary lifestyle, physical inactivity, and excessive caloric intake can contribute synergistically to NAFLD.
Therefore, as shown by clinical evidence, lifestyle modification could be used as a primary therapy to manage
NAFLD and NASH.
Exercise reduces the accumulation of hepatic fat
Exercise reduces inflammation through regulation
of lipogenesis genes
Exercise reduces mitochondrial function for the
amelioration of fatty liver disease
The levels of reactive oxygen species and
oxidative stress in NAFLD can be suppressed by
Exercise
High Fat and Exercise
Effects of exercise on high fat diet–
‑
induced non alcoholic
‑ fatty liver
disease and lipid metabolism in ApoE
knockout mice

30. What is Knock out ? High Fat and Exercise
WT= Wild Type= Presence of every gene
and all gene should function properly.
KO= Knock Out= Missing of particular or
specific gene.
All the healthy human or healthy
animals are called WT model
The particular gene could be knock out
or cut out for research purpose or
sometimes due to disease or medicine
our specific gene could be knock out.
Lets see understand why KO is
necessary for study…..
GNMT

31. Methods and
Materials

32. Methods and Materials
M; Age:7w
BW 290–310
24 ◦C ± 2 ◦C;
humidity, 50 %)
ApoE knockout – HFD
ApoE knockout – HFD +
swimming exercise
3.10 kcal/g
4.67 kcal/g
1W
Adaptation
12W
Treatment
WT -chow diet
ApoE knockout- Chaw Diet
High Fat and Exercise

33. Methods and Materials
Exercise protocol
36 °C.
Practiced : 10 min/day for 3d
weeks 1–2: 30 min/day
weeks 3–12: 40 min/day
An air pump system was incorporated into the tank to produce turbulent motion from bubbles to prevent floating
or resting behavior.
High Fat and Exercise

34. Methods and Materials
Blood biochemical testing
Euthanasia with CO2 Cardiac puncture
Centrifuged at 3,000 rpm /4 °C/ 10 min
Total cholesterol (TC),
Triglyceride (TG),
Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c),
Highdensity lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c),
Aspartate aminotransferase (AST),
Alanine aminotransferase (ALT)
High Fat and Exercise

35. Methods and Materials
White adipose tissues : Adiposoft ImageJ software
Hepatic TGs : an enzyme-linked immunosorbent
assay colorimetric assay kit
Plasma lipidomic profile analysis : SYNAPT G2 Qtof (MS) The main plasma lipid
transport forms are free
fatty acid, triglyceride
and cholesteryl ester
Statistical analysis : SPSS Statistics version 22, one-
way ANOVA
High Fat and Exercise

36. Undiscovered Mechanism
behind this.
Numerous studies have demonstrated that
exercise can improve NAFLD and obesity.
However, the lipid profile following exercise
remains poorly understood included the
possible effect of ApoE gene on NAFLD.
High Fat and Exercise

37. So what happened if we consume HF diet and have exercise and also
have some Gene interaction?

38. Physical changes
High Fat and Exercise
Eating 50 gm and gaining weight 5 gm (higher ratio)
Eating 50 gm but gaining weight 2 gm (lower ratio)

39. High Fat and Exercise
Things to know before next…..
 Biochemical (TG, TC, HDL, LDL, (AST and ALT) are reflect the physiological and
health status in clinical and disease.
 Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (liver
function)
 LDL cholesterol is considered the “bad” type of cholesterol.
 High-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol is known as the "good" cholesterol
because it helps remove other forms of cholesterol from your bloodstream.
 LDL-c and HDL-c’s higher ratios mean a higher risk of heart disease.

40. High Fat and Exercise
Effects of exercise on plasma biochemical parameters
Causes include obesity, eating too much unhealthy food,
genetics, certain illnesses including poorly controlled diabetes,
kidney disease, and underactive thyroid (hypothyroidism).
Too much cholesterol puts you at risk for heart disease and
stroke. High cholesterol has no signs or symptoms, so the only
way to know if you have it is to get your cholesterol checked.
High levels of LDL cholesterol raise your risk for heart disease
and stroke.
Higher levels of HDL have been associated with a lower risk of
cardiovascular disease.
LDL-c and HDL-c’s higher ratios mean a higher risk of heart
disease.
An AST blood test helps determine how well the liver is functioning by
measuring levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in the blood. Too
much of this enzyme can indicate a problem, such as liver damage

41. High Fat and Exercise
Effects of exercise on the morphology

42. High Fat and Exercise
Effects of exercise and high-fat diet on lipid
profiles
>16 species of lipids.
>Taken together, the
results showed that
exercise significantly
reversed the expression of
three lipid species affected
by HFD.
> Having a high
triglyceride level also
can increase your risk of
heart disease.

43. Conclusion from both paper
High Fat
High Sucrose
Various time difference
Different fat or sucrose
• Compare to control both
groups body weigh
increased except IHFB
• Higher organ weight
found at Sucrose group
So, Sucrose produce
overall grate effect of
the mice and
supported to achieve
this research
objective.
Gene (KO)
High Fat
Ex
• High Fat + KO + Ex reduced the
possibilities to occur NAFLD,
compared to without Exercise
group.
So, Exercise is really
helpful to reverse our
high fatty food
effect.

44. References
1st
Paper: https://
www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0946672X22001
006
2nd
Paper: https://
nutritionandmetabolism.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/
s12986-022-00644-w

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AWESOME
WORDS