The document discusses various topics related to the universe and our understanding of it. It references radio waves and how they carry information across space. It talks about how the universe is woven together like a trellis and expanding. It warns that some people are deluded in their understanding and will be punished for rejecting the truth. It also references stories from religious texts to illustrate points about guidance and punishment.
Basic Physics Of Transoesophageal Echocardiography For The Workshop2Anil Ramaiah
The document discusses the history and physics of ultrasound imaging and echocardiography. It covers how ultrasound interacts with tissues through reflection, scattering, attenuation and absorption. It describes the basic principles of ultrasound including frequency, wavelength, velocity and acoustic impedance. It also summarizes how ultrasound images are formed using piezoelectric transducers and discusses the different imaging modes and applications of Doppler imaging in cardiology.
This document contains all the necessary basic information to understand Antenna Basics with simple and to the point non mathematical description.
This document is suitable for those who wants to understand only basics of antenna wireless communication.
For any queries or suggestions please contact on : mansithakur0304@gmail.com
Contents:
Electromagnetic Spectrum and RF basics.
Antenna introduction and its parameters.
Some other important factors like radiation pattern and polarization
Types of antennas and mobile antenna designs
How radio wave propagates
Longitudinal waves are waves where the medium oscillates in the direction of wave propagation. Sound is a longitudinal wave that travels through air by alternately compressing and rarefying the air. The speed of sound depends on the density and bulk modulus of the medium. Acoustic sensors like microphones convert pressure variations from sound waves into electrical signals. Common types include piezoelectric, capacitive, and resistive microphones. Surface acoustic wave sensors use interdigitated transducers on a piezoelectric substrate to generate and detect surface waves for sensing applications like pressure, strain, and temperature.
There are two main categories of waves: mechanical waves and electromagnetic waves. Mechanical waves require a medium to transmit energy and cannot travel through a vacuum, while electromagnetic waves can transmit energy through a vacuum at the speed of light. Waves have specific anatomical features including the crest, trough, wavelength, and frequency.
Waves are disturbances that transfer energy through a medium from one point to another. They can be transverse waves, where the disturbance is perpendicular to the direction of travel, or longitudinal waves, where the disturbance is parallel. Waves have properties like wavelength, amplitude, frequency, and speed. The speed of a wave depends on its frequency and wavelength and can be calculated using the formula that the speed equals the frequency multiplied by the wavelength. Waves undergo behaviors like reflection, refraction, and diffraction as they interact with barriers and changes in their medium.
Basic Physics Of Transoesophageal Echocardiography For The Workshop2Anil Ramaiah
The document discusses the history and physics of ultrasound imaging and echocardiography. It covers how ultrasound interacts with tissues through reflection, scattering, attenuation and absorption. It describes the basic principles of ultrasound including frequency, wavelength, velocity and acoustic impedance. It also summarizes how ultrasound images are formed using piezoelectric transducers and discusses the different imaging modes and applications of Doppler imaging in cardiology.
This document contains all the necessary basic information to understand Antenna Basics with simple and to the point non mathematical description.
This document is suitable for those who wants to understand only basics of antenna wireless communication.
For any queries or suggestions please contact on : mansithakur0304@gmail.com
Contents:
Electromagnetic Spectrum and RF basics.
Antenna introduction and its parameters.
Some other important factors like radiation pattern and polarization
Types of antennas and mobile antenna designs
How radio wave propagates
Longitudinal waves are waves where the medium oscillates in the direction of wave propagation. Sound is a longitudinal wave that travels through air by alternately compressing and rarefying the air. The speed of sound depends on the density and bulk modulus of the medium. Acoustic sensors like microphones convert pressure variations from sound waves into electrical signals. Common types include piezoelectric, capacitive, and resistive microphones. Surface acoustic wave sensors use interdigitated transducers on a piezoelectric substrate to generate and detect surface waves for sensing applications like pressure, strain, and temperature.
There are two main categories of waves: mechanical waves and electromagnetic waves. Mechanical waves require a medium to transmit energy and cannot travel through a vacuum, while electromagnetic waves can transmit energy through a vacuum at the speed of light. Waves have specific anatomical features including the crest, trough, wavelength, and frequency.
Waves are disturbances that transfer energy through a medium from one point to another. They can be transverse waves, where the disturbance is perpendicular to the direction of travel, or longitudinal waves, where the disturbance is parallel. Waves have properties like wavelength, amplitude, frequency, and speed. The speed of a wave depends on its frequency and wavelength and can be calculated using the formula that the speed equals the frequency multiplied by the wavelength. Waves undergo behaviors like reflection, refraction, and diffraction as they interact with barriers and changes in their medium.
Wireless communication transfers information between devices without a physical connection using electromagnetic waves across the electromagnetic spectrum. Wireless signals are transmitted using antennas and received by antennas connected to other devices. The electromagnetic spectrum ranges from long radio waves to short gamma rays, with different frequencies and wavelengths used for different wireless technologies. Common uses of the electromagnetic spectrum include radio, GPS, WiFi, radiation therapy, and X-rays.
This document provides definitions for over 100 scientific terms across various fields including physics, chemistry, biology, and more. Some key terms defined include:
- Pressure wave - a variation in pressure that propagates as a sound wave
- Wave - a disturbance that transfers energy through a medium without transferring matter
- Wave velocity - the distance a wave travels per unit of time within a medium
- Field effect - the modulation of a material's conductivity by an external electric field
- Wave node and antinode - points along a standing wave where the amplitude is at a minimum or maximum
- Surface wave - a mechanical wave that propagates along the interface between different media
Ultrasound physics and image optimization1 (1)Prajwith Rai
This document discusses ultrasound physics and image optimization. It begins with an overview of basic principles, instrumentation, and image optimization techniques. It then describes how ultrasound works, including the generation of sound waves, their interaction with tissues through reflection, refraction, interference and absorption. This determines image quality. Instrumentation components like the transducer, transmitter, receiver and display are explained. Factors affecting the ultrasound beam like frequency, aperture, pulse length and coupling medium are also covered.
A Level Physics - Telecommunications - A Basic Introduction
Sound waves
Microphones
Receivers and transmitters
Amplitude modulation (am)
Frequency modulation (fm)
MICROWAVES
Satellite Communication
Optical fibers
Attenuation
The Public Switched Telephone Network
- Sound is a longitudinal mechanical wave that propagates as a vibration through a medium. It travels faster through solids and liquids than gas and cannot propagate through a vacuum.
- The properties of sound waves include frequency, wavelength, amplitude, and speed. Pitch is determined by frequency, with higher frequencies producing higher pitches. Loudness depends on amplitude, with greater amplitudes producing louder sounds.
- Sound can be reflected, refracted, diffracted, and undergo interference. Medical imaging uses various technologies like X-rays, MRI, CT scans, and ultrasound that apply wave properties of sound and other types of radiation to noninvasively examine the interior of the body.
The document defines key terms related to waves, including:
1. A wave is defined as a disturbance that travels through space and time, usually accompanied by the transfer of energy.
2. Waves have characteristics such as crest, trough, amplitude, wavelength, frequency, and period.
3. There are two main types of waves - longitudinal waves where the disturbance is parallel to the direction of travel, and transverse waves where the disturbance is perpendicular.
Waves are disturbances that transfer energy through a medium from one point to another as vibrations. There are two main types of waves: transverse waves, where the vibration is perpendicular to the direction of motion, and longitudinal waves, where the vibration is parallel. Waves can be characterized by their wavelength, frequency, amplitude, and speed. The relationship between wavelength, frequency, and speed is described by the wave equation, which can be rearranged into different forms using a formula triangle. Waves undergo various interactions as they travel, including reflection, refraction, and diffraction.
This document defines key terms related to waves, including:
- Transverse, longitudinal, and surface waves which describe the direction of vibration in relation to wave propagation.
- Mechanical waves which require a medium and electromagnetic waves which do not.
- Wave properties such as amplitude, frequency, wavelength, period, and speed.
- Crests and troughs which refer to high and low pressure points in a wave.
Waves transfer energy through matter and space without transferring matter. There are two main types of waves: mechanical waves which require a medium and electromagnetic waves which can travel through empty space. Sound waves are longitudinal mechanical waves that transfer energy through collisions of particles in a medium. Light waves are electromagnetic waves of varying frequencies and wavelengths that make up the electromagnetic spectrum. The human perception of sound and light depends on characteristics like frequency, wavelength, amplitude, and intensity.
A traveling wave is the propagation of a disturbance in a medium over time. For a sinusoidal wave, the general expression relates the phase as a function of position x and time t. The phase can be expressed as a function of either the time-delayed position vt-x or the position-delayed time t-x/v. The wave vector β is related to the angular frequency ω and propagation speed v for a given medium through the dispersion relation. Sinusoidal waves are commonly studied because they can carry information without distortion over distances.
Ultrasound uses sound waves to produce images of internal organs and tissues. Sound waves are transmitted into the body and the echoes produced by reflections from structures and tissues are detected. Three key points:
1) Ultrasound transducers convert electrical pulses into sound waves which penetrate the body and receive the echoes. Piezoelectric crystals in the transducer perform this function.
2) Reflected sound waves are displayed as images on screen to visualize internal structures. The brightness of each pixel depends on the strength of reflection.
3) Different transducer designs like linear arrays and curved arrays allow imaging of different body regions. Imaging modes like B-mode show anatomical structures while M-mode depicts motion.
Radio waves are electromagnetic waves that propagate through free space as transverse electromagnetic waves, with the electric field, magnetic field, and direction of propagation being mutually perpendicular. When emitted by an antenna, radio waves travel through space and are affected by objects they encounter, with the signal strength decreasing with distance from the transmitter due to the inverse square law. Radio waves can be reflected, refracted, diffracted, and focused similar to light waves.
Communication requires a transmitter, transmission medium, and receiver. The transmitter converts a message signal into a form suitable for transmission through the medium. The receiver then reconstructs the original message after propagation through the channel. Key elements of communication systems include transducers, signals, noise, transmitters, receivers, attenuation, amplification, range, bandwidth, modulation, and demodulation. Communication channels can be via lines or space using antennas, with propagation by ground waves or sky waves reflected by the ionosphere.
1. Electromagnetic waves have different wavelengths and frequencies, with longer wavelengths corresponding to lower frequencies and vice versa.
2. They all travel at the same speed of 300,000,000 meters/second in a vacuum.
3. Electromagnetic waves include radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, X-rays, and gamma rays, ordered from longest to shortest wavelength.
Waves transfer energy from one place to another through a medium. There are three main types of waves: transverse waves, where the medium moves perpendicular to the wave direction; longitudinal waves, where the medium moves parallel to the wave direction; and surface waves, which occur at the boundary between two media. All waves have properties like amplitude, wavelength, frequency, and speed that can be used to describe them. The speed of a wave depends on the properties of its medium.
This document discusses various propagation models used in wireless communications. It begins by introducing the free space propagation model and 2-ray ground reflection model. It then describes the key propagation mechanisms of reflection, diffraction, and scattering. Reflection from smooth surfaces and conductors is explained. Fresnel zone geometry and knife edge diffraction models are used to analyze diffraction. Buildings can help diffraction by providing some gain, with the amount of diffracted energy dependent on factors like height and frequency. Propagation effects must be considered for accurate wireless system design and performance prediction.
Preliminary Physics - World communicates 1Silvia Choi
This document discusses waves and their properties. It defines different types of waves including mechanical waves, which require a medium, and electromagnetic waves, which do not. Key wave properties discussed include frequency, wavelength, amplitude, speed, and the wave equation relating these properties. Examples are provided of how different types of waves transfer energy.
INTRODUCTION TO RADIO COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS 1.docxCyprianObota
Communication requires a sender, a message, a transmission medium, a receiver, and understanding. Radio communication works by encoding a message as an electromagnetic wave that travels through the air and is received and decoded. Repeaters extend the range of handheld radios by receiving a signal and retransmitting it, allowing communication over obstacles. Range depends on both power and frequency - higher power mobile radios have greater range than lower power handhelds, while higher frequencies penetrate buildings better than lower VHF bands.
The document contains 114 Surahs (chapters) from the Quran. Each Surah begins with the phrase "In the name of Allah, the Beneficent, the Merciful" and contains between 1-11 verses discussing religious concepts like judgment day, heaven, hell, faith, prayer and taking refuge in God from evil. The Surahs vary in length but collectively provide an overview of key Islamic teachings and principles as outlined in the Quran.
This passage discusses the blessings bestowed by God/Allah upon humanity. It notes that God cares for people at all times, including morning and night, and does not abandon those in need. God shelters orphans, guides the lost, and enriches the poor. The passage encourages people to not mistreat orphans and beggars, and instead proclaim the blessings received from God.
Wireless communication transfers information between devices without a physical connection using electromagnetic waves across the electromagnetic spectrum. Wireless signals are transmitted using antennas and received by antennas connected to other devices. The electromagnetic spectrum ranges from long radio waves to short gamma rays, with different frequencies and wavelengths used for different wireless technologies. Common uses of the electromagnetic spectrum include radio, GPS, WiFi, radiation therapy, and X-rays.
This document provides definitions for over 100 scientific terms across various fields including physics, chemistry, biology, and more. Some key terms defined include:
- Pressure wave - a variation in pressure that propagates as a sound wave
- Wave - a disturbance that transfers energy through a medium without transferring matter
- Wave velocity - the distance a wave travels per unit of time within a medium
- Field effect - the modulation of a material's conductivity by an external electric field
- Wave node and antinode - points along a standing wave where the amplitude is at a minimum or maximum
- Surface wave - a mechanical wave that propagates along the interface between different media
Ultrasound physics and image optimization1 (1)Prajwith Rai
This document discusses ultrasound physics and image optimization. It begins with an overview of basic principles, instrumentation, and image optimization techniques. It then describes how ultrasound works, including the generation of sound waves, their interaction with tissues through reflection, refraction, interference and absorption. This determines image quality. Instrumentation components like the transducer, transmitter, receiver and display are explained. Factors affecting the ultrasound beam like frequency, aperture, pulse length and coupling medium are also covered.
A Level Physics - Telecommunications - A Basic Introduction
Sound waves
Microphones
Receivers and transmitters
Amplitude modulation (am)
Frequency modulation (fm)
MICROWAVES
Satellite Communication
Optical fibers
Attenuation
The Public Switched Telephone Network
- Sound is a longitudinal mechanical wave that propagates as a vibration through a medium. It travels faster through solids and liquids than gas and cannot propagate through a vacuum.
- The properties of sound waves include frequency, wavelength, amplitude, and speed. Pitch is determined by frequency, with higher frequencies producing higher pitches. Loudness depends on amplitude, with greater amplitudes producing louder sounds.
- Sound can be reflected, refracted, diffracted, and undergo interference. Medical imaging uses various technologies like X-rays, MRI, CT scans, and ultrasound that apply wave properties of sound and other types of radiation to noninvasively examine the interior of the body.
The document defines key terms related to waves, including:
1. A wave is defined as a disturbance that travels through space and time, usually accompanied by the transfer of energy.
2. Waves have characteristics such as crest, trough, amplitude, wavelength, frequency, and period.
3. There are two main types of waves - longitudinal waves where the disturbance is parallel to the direction of travel, and transverse waves where the disturbance is perpendicular.
Waves are disturbances that transfer energy through a medium from one point to another as vibrations. There are two main types of waves: transverse waves, where the vibration is perpendicular to the direction of motion, and longitudinal waves, where the vibration is parallel. Waves can be characterized by their wavelength, frequency, amplitude, and speed. The relationship between wavelength, frequency, and speed is described by the wave equation, which can be rearranged into different forms using a formula triangle. Waves undergo various interactions as they travel, including reflection, refraction, and diffraction.
This document defines key terms related to waves, including:
- Transverse, longitudinal, and surface waves which describe the direction of vibration in relation to wave propagation.
- Mechanical waves which require a medium and electromagnetic waves which do not.
- Wave properties such as amplitude, frequency, wavelength, period, and speed.
- Crests and troughs which refer to high and low pressure points in a wave.
Waves transfer energy through matter and space without transferring matter. There are two main types of waves: mechanical waves which require a medium and electromagnetic waves which can travel through empty space. Sound waves are longitudinal mechanical waves that transfer energy through collisions of particles in a medium. Light waves are electromagnetic waves of varying frequencies and wavelengths that make up the electromagnetic spectrum. The human perception of sound and light depends on characteristics like frequency, wavelength, amplitude, and intensity.
A traveling wave is the propagation of a disturbance in a medium over time. For a sinusoidal wave, the general expression relates the phase as a function of position x and time t. The phase can be expressed as a function of either the time-delayed position vt-x or the position-delayed time t-x/v. The wave vector β is related to the angular frequency ω and propagation speed v for a given medium through the dispersion relation. Sinusoidal waves are commonly studied because they can carry information without distortion over distances.
Ultrasound uses sound waves to produce images of internal organs and tissues. Sound waves are transmitted into the body and the echoes produced by reflections from structures and tissues are detected. Three key points:
1) Ultrasound transducers convert electrical pulses into sound waves which penetrate the body and receive the echoes. Piezoelectric crystals in the transducer perform this function.
2) Reflected sound waves are displayed as images on screen to visualize internal structures. The brightness of each pixel depends on the strength of reflection.
3) Different transducer designs like linear arrays and curved arrays allow imaging of different body regions. Imaging modes like B-mode show anatomical structures while M-mode depicts motion.
Radio waves are electromagnetic waves that propagate through free space as transverse electromagnetic waves, with the electric field, magnetic field, and direction of propagation being mutually perpendicular. When emitted by an antenna, radio waves travel through space and are affected by objects they encounter, with the signal strength decreasing with distance from the transmitter due to the inverse square law. Radio waves can be reflected, refracted, diffracted, and focused similar to light waves.
Communication requires a transmitter, transmission medium, and receiver. The transmitter converts a message signal into a form suitable for transmission through the medium. The receiver then reconstructs the original message after propagation through the channel. Key elements of communication systems include transducers, signals, noise, transmitters, receivers, attenuation, amplification, range, bandwidth, modulation, and demodulation. Communication channels can be via lines or space using antennas, with propagation by ground waves or sky waves reflected by the ionosphere.
1. Electromagnetic waves have different wavelengths and frequencies, with longer wavelengths corresponding to lower frequencies and vice versa.
2. They all travel at the same speed of 300,000,000 meters/second in a vacuum.
3. Electromagnetic waves include radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, X-rays, and gamma rays, ordered from longest to shortest wavelength.
Waves transfer energy from one place to another through a medium. There are three main types of waves: transverse waves, where the medium moves perpendicular to the wave direction; longitudinal waves, where the medium moves parallel to the wave direction; and surface waves, which occur at the boundary between two media. All waves have properties like amplitude, wavelength, frequency, and speed that can be used to describe them. The speed of a wave depends on the properties of its medium.
This document discusses various propagation models used in wireless communications. It begins by introducing the free space propagation model and 2-ray ground reflection model. It then describes the key propagation mechanisms of reflection, diffraction, and scattering. Reflection from smooth surfaces and conductors is explained. Fresnel zone geometry and knife edge diffraction models are used to analyze diffraction. Buildings can help diffraction by providing some gain, with the amount of diffracted energy dependent on factors like height and frequency. Propagation effects must be considered for accurate wireless system design and performance prediction.
Preliminary Physics - World communicates 1Silvia Choi
This document discusses waves and their properties. It defines different types of waves including mechanical waves, which require a medium, and electromagnetic waves, which do not. Key wave properties discussed include frequency, wavelength, amplitude, speed, and the wave equation relating these properties. Examples are provided of how different types of waves transfer energy.
INTRODUCTION TO RADIO COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS 1.docxCyprianObota
Communication requires a sender, a message, a transmission medium, a receiver, and understanding. Radio communication works by encoding a message as an electromagnetic wave that travels through the air and is received and decoded. Repeaters extend the range of handheld radios by receiving a signal and retransmitting it, allowing communication over obstacles. Range depends on both power and frequency - higher power mobile radios have greater range than lower power handhelds, while higher frequencies penetrate buildings better than lower VHF bands.
Similar to Refreshed Al-Quran (adh-Dhariyat).docx (20)
The document contains 114 Surahs (chapters) from the Quran. Each Surah begins with the phrase "In the name of Allah, the Beneficent, the Merciful" and contains between 1-11 verses discussing religious concepts like judgment day, heaven, hell, faith, prayer and taking refuge in God from evil. The Surahs vary in length but collectively provide an overview of key Islamic teachings and principles as outlined in the Quran.
This passage discusses the blessings bestowed by God/Allah upon humanity. It notes that God cares for people at all times, including morning and night, and does not abandon those in need. God shelters orphans, guides the lost, and enriches the poor. The passage encourages people to not mistreat orphans and beggars, and instead proclaim the blessings received from God.
This document discusses the sun, moon, day, night, sky, earth, soul and references a story from the people of Thamood. It describes how Thamood denied their messenger and hamstrung the she-camel that was sent to them by God as a sign, so God crushed them for their crime and leveled their land. The document emphasizes that God does not fear the consequences of punishing those who corrupt their souls.
The document discusses humanity and our relationship with God. It notes that God created humanity with distress or anxiety and sees all that we do. It contrasts those who believe in God's revelations and advise others with kindness against those who defy God, stating the latter will face a padlocked fire in the hereafter. The overall message is that God is watching and judging our actions, and we should believe in God and treat others with compassion.
The document describes the Day of Judgment, where some faces will be ashamed and laboring in scorching fire, given only thorns to eat that do not satisfy, while other faces will be joyful and satisfied in lofty gardens with flowing springs and raised beds. It reminds people to reflect on how camels, the sky, mountains and earth were all created by God and that the reminder is meant to convince, not control, as those who do not believe will face the greatest punishment and reckoning.
This document praises the Most High, who creates, regulates, measures, and guides. It references the One who produces pasture and turns it into light debris. It encourages remembering what is recited from the One except what is accorded. It mentions easing into the Easy Way and reminding others if it helps those who fear remember. However, the wretched will avoid it and enter the Gigantic Fire where they will neither die nor live. It indicates being successful through purifying oneself and mentioning one's Regulator. It contrasts preferring the present life over the better, more lasting Hereafter mentioned in former Scriptures of Ibrahim and Musa.
The document discusses pulsars and neutron stars, which are formed after massive stars explode in supernovas. It describes pulsars as rapidly rotating neutron stars that emit beams of electromagnetic radiation from their magnetic poles. These beams appear to pulse as the star rotates, like a lighthouse. The document then discusses different hypotheses for the end of the universe, concluding that the "big crunch" scenario is most likely, where the gravitational attraction of all matter will eventually cause the universe to collapse in on itself again.
The document discusses various topics related to religious faith and punishment/reward. It references the sky and constellations, the Promised Day, people who were destroyed for their actions, and those who tempt or do honest deeds being rewarded or punished. It asks if the reader has heard stories of past wicked people and affirms the Quran is glorious and preserved.
The document describes the events of the Day of Judgment, including the sky breaking apart, planets scattering, oceans exploding, and tombs being strewn upside down. It notes that on that day every soul will know what it has done, and questions why man doubts their creator who formed them. The virtuous will be in bliss in paradise while the wicked will be in hell, and nothing any soul does for another will matter - only Allah will decide people's fates on the Day of Judgment.
The document describes the events of the Day of Judgment, including the sky breaking apart, planets scattering, oceans exploding, and tombs being strewn upside down. It references souls knowing what they have advanced and deferred, and questions why man would delude himself from his creator and regulator, who formed and proportioned him. The virtuous will be in bliss in paradise while the wicked will be in hell on the Day of Justice, when no soul can help another and all decisions belong to God.
The document describes events that will occur on the Day of Judgment, including the sun being rolled up, stars dimming, mountains moving, relationships ending, beasts gathering, oceans set aflame, souls paired, and a girl who was buried alive being asked about her murder. It states that records will be made public, the sky will be peeled away, fire will be set ablaze, and paradise will be brought near. The document asserts that this message comes from a noble messenger who saw visions on the luminous horizon and does not withhold unseen knowledge. It poses the question of where the reader is heading and describes the message as a reminder for all mankind.
The document is a passage from the Quran discussing various topics:
- A man who frowned and turned away when approached by a blind man, though he could have been seeking purification or guidance.
- The reminder and message of the Quran being available to all who will remember it on honorable pages.
- God creating man from a sperm drop and enabling and providing for him, then putting him to death.
- Man considering the food God provides through pouring water to grow grains, grapes, herbs, olives, dates and fruits for enjoyment.
- The day of deafening noise when people will flee even from family and a time of radiant faces laughing and rejoicing versus faces covered with misery and overwhelmed
This document discusses the Day of Judgment and resurrection according to Islamic theology. It describes how on that day, people will be resurrected and their hearts will pound in fear with downcast sights. Some will deny being resurrected, saying they are just hollow bones, but they will be awakened with just a single nudge. It then references the story of Moses and his calling by God to go preach to the wicked Pharaoh. The document emphasizes that God created the vast universe and everything in it, and will punish the defiant on the Day of Judgment but reward those who feared and obeyed God. It concludes by noting that no one knows when the Hour of Judgment will take place except God.
1. The document discusses an event that people disagree about and will find out about.
2. It notes how God created the earth, mountains, humans, sleep, night, day, heavens, sun, clouds, rain, grains, gardens.
3. On the Day of Judgement, the sky will open, mountains will move, hell will be prepared for oppressors, and people will be judged for their deeds.
This document discusses the Day of Judgment and punishment for non-believers according to Islamic scripture. It describes cosmic events like stars being destroyed and mountains being blown away that will signal the day. It warns that on that day, non-believers and liars will experience woe and punishment, being unable to speak or apologize, while believers will be in shade and enjoy fruits. The document questions when non-believers will be convinced and stresses that the events promised will surely occur.
The document describes the creation of humanity and their purpose as tested beings. It outlines how God guides both the appreciative and unappreciative. For the honest, there will be rewards like drinking from aromatic springs in paradise, but the unbelievers will face chains and fire. The righteous will be rewarded with eternal joy in gardens under shade with fruits and drinks, while youths pass among them. It calls the believers to patience and to remember God, as their efforts will be appreciated.
1. Noh was sent by God to warn his people about an impending punishment if they did not repent.
2. Noh preached to his people for many years, urging them to worship God alone and obey him, and promising that God would forgive their sins.
3. However, his people refused to listen and instead became more arrogant. They worshipped other gods instead of God. For their wrongdoings, they were drowned in a flood and sent to hell.
1) The document discusses the Day of Judgment and punishment for those who do not believe.
2) On that Day, the sky will be like molten brass, mountains will be like tufted wool, and no friend will care about another.
3) Criminals will wish to be saved from punishment by their family, but will not be saved as the fire strips away scalps and invites those who fled from it.
1) The document discusses sovereignty and authority belonging solely to God, who created life and death as a test for humanity.
2) It describes the intricate design of the seven heavens and warns of punishment in Hell for those who reject God's guidance.
3) The document emphasizes that God is aware of all thoughts and deeds, and will cause the earth to collapse or unleash storms against those who deny the truth.
1. The document discusses several concepts relating to God/Allah, including that everything in the universe praises God, God created humans and knows what they conceal and reveal, and will resurrect all people on Judgment Day.
2. It states that those who do not believe will face painful torment for rejecting clear explanations from messengers, while those who believe and do good will have their misdeeds forgiven and enter paradise forever.
3. The document emphasizes having faith in God and the messenger, obeying God's commandments, and lending to God which will be multiplied, as God knows all and is all-powerful and wise.
Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit InnovationTechSoup
In this webinar, participants learned how to utilize Generative AI to streamline operations and elevate member engagement. Amazon Web Service experts provided a customer specific use cases and dived into low/no-code tools that are quick and easy to deploy through Amazon Web Service (AWS.)
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
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This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
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Refreshed Al-Quran (adh-Dhariyat).docx
1. . THE SPREADERS (adh-
Dhariyat)
By the reality of The One To Serve/Allah The Beneficient The Ever Giving.
1. By the scatter spreading/sorting.
Thal-Ra-Waw = to scatter (seeds), disperse, uproot, fall, snatch/carry away, raise it or make it fly, raise (dust) wind, eliminate or select by sifting, blow the chaff
(from grain), sift, sort out, to hasten. Praise (one down, ascend on the top of), apex, top.
What are these -radio waves or frequencies
-in Gigahertz range
-carrying data in bits
-radio waves-produced artificially by time-varying electric currents
-consist of electrons flowing back and forth
-in a specially-shaped metal conductor called an antenna
-electronic device called a radio transmitter
-applies oscillating electric current to the antenna
-antenna radiates the power as radio waves
-radio waves-received by antenna attached to a radio receiver
-radio waves strike the receiving antenna they push the electrons
-creating tiny oscillating currents-detected by the receiver
-from quantum mechanics
-like other electromagnetic radiation such as light
-radio waves is alternatively streams of uncharged photons
-electrons in the antenna emit the energy called radio photons
-in receiving antenna electrons absorb energy as radio photons
-it could also be described as cloud containing water
-it could also be the ship carrying goods in the ocean
-or flow of current by the electron
-the designs are the same, a carrier carrying somethings
2. And those carrying loads.
Haa-Miim-La = bore it, carried it, took it up, carried it, convey, show/manifest, carry a thing upon one's back or head, bear a burden, become pregnant with or
conceive a child (woman), to go about spreading calumny or slander, give someone a beast to ride, mount someone upon a beast of burden, show or manifest
anger, task or fatigue oneself, take a responsibility upon oneself, incite someone to do a thing, produce or put forth something [such as a tree produces or puts
forth its fruit], narrate and write down a thing [particularly matters of science and knowledge], carry or do a thing, bear the burden of a calumny, to charge with
a crime.
they do? -radio waves in a vacuum travel at the speed of light
-when passing through a material medium, they are slowed
-depending on the medium's permeability and permittivity
-air is thin enough that in the Earth's atmosphere
-radio waves travel very close to the speed of light
-wavelength is the distance from one peak (crest) to the next
-inversely proportional to the frequency of the wave
-the relation of frequency and wavelength in a radio wave
-traveling in vacuum or air is where
-
-where c=299,792,458 m/s
-radio waves are more widely used for communication
-because of their desirable propagation properties
-stemming from their large wavelength
λ=c/f
2. -radio waves have the ability to pass through the atmosphere
-in any weather, foliage, and most building materials
-by diffraction can bend around obstructions
-unlike other electromagnetic waves tend to be scattered
-than absorbed by objects larger than their wavelength
3. And those flowing gently.
Jiim-Ra-Ya = To flow, run quickly, pursue a course, to happen or occur, to betake or aim for a thing, to be continuous or permanent, to send a deputy or
commissioned agent.
Ya-Siin-Ra = become gentle/tractable/manageable/easy/submissive/liberal, become little in quantity/paltry / no weight or worth, come from left, divide into
parts/portions, make easy/smooth, adapt/accommodate, play with gaming arrows (al maysiri), a game for stakes/wagers involving risk.
What are they for? -in radio communication systems
-information is transported across space using radio waves
-the sending end, in the form of a time-varying electrical signal
-the information to be sent is applied to a radio transmitter
-the information, called the modulation signal
-can be an audio signal representing sound from a microphone
-a video signal representing moving images from a video camera
-or a digital signal representing data from a computer
-in transmitter, electronic oscillator generates alternating current
-oscillating at a radio frequency, called the carrier wave
-it creates radio waves that "carry" the information through the air
-the information signal is used to modulate the carrier
-altering some aspect, "piggybacking" information on the carrier
-the modulated carrier is amplified and applied to an antenna
-oscillating current pushes electrons in the antenna back and forth
-creating oscillating electric and magnetic fields
-which radiate the energy away from the antenna as radio waves
-the radio waves carry the information to the receiver location
-the green wave, electric field is the radiowaves
-moving gently from left to right
-diagram of a half-wave dipole antenna receiving a radio wave
-the antenna consists of two metal rods connected to a receiver R
-the electric field (E, green arrows) of the incoming wave
-pushes the electrons in the rods back and forth
-charging the ends alternately positive (+) and negative (−)
-the length of the antenna is one half the wavelength of the wave
-the oscillating field induces standing waves
-of voltage (V, represented by red band) and current in the rods
-oscillating currents (black arrows) flow down the transmission line
-and through the receiver (represented by the resistance R)
4. And those distributing command.
Qaf-Siin-Miim = to divide, dispose, separate, apportion, distribute. qasamun - oath. qismatun - partition, division, dividing, apportionment. maqsumun -
divided/distinct. muqassimun (vb. 2) - one who takes oath, who apportions. qasama (vb. 3) - to swear. aqsama (vb. 4) - to swear. taqasama (vb. 6) - to swear
one to another. muqtasimun (vb. 8) - who divides. istaqsama (vb. 10) - to draw lots. tastaqsimu - you seek division.
Alif-Meem-Ra = command/order/enjoin, authority/power/dominion, counselled/advised/consulted, hold/appoint command, preside as a commander/
governor/ prince/king, experienced, become many/abundant.
Fantastic! -at the receiver, the oscillating electric and magnetic fields
3. -of the incoming radio wave push the electrons
-in the receiving antenna back and forth
-creating a tiny oscillating voltage
-which is a weaker replica of the current
-in the transmitting antenna
-this voltage is applied to the radio receiver
-which extracts the information signal
-the receiver first uses a bandpass filter
-to separate the desired radio station's radio signal
-from all the other radio signals picked up by the antenna
-then amplifies the signal so it is stronger
-then finally extracts the information-bearing modulation signal
-in a demodulator
-the recovered signal is sent to a loudspeaker or earphone
-to produce sound, or a television display screen
-to produce a visible image, or other devices
-digital data signal is applied to a computer or microprocessor
-which interacts with a human user.
Daily use? -you used it everyday
-the radio waves from many transmitters pass through the air
-simultaneously without interfering with each other
-they can be separated in the receiver
-as each transmitter's radio waves oscillate at a different rate
-in other words each transmitter has a different frequency
-measured in kilohertz (kHz), megahertz (MHz) or gigahertz (GHz)
-the bandpass filter in the receiver consists of a tuned circuit
-which acts like a resonator
-similarly to a tuning fork
-it has a natural resonant frequency at which it oscillates
-the resonant frequency is set to frequency of desired radio station
-the oscillating radio signal from the desired station
-causes the tuned circuit to oscillate in sympathy
-it passes the signal on to the rest of the receiver
-radio signals at other frequencies are blocked
-by the tuned circuit and not passed on
-radio waves are non-ionizing radiation
-they do not have enough energy
-to separate electrons from atoms or molecules
-ionizing them, or break chemical bonds
-causing chemical reactions or DNA damage
-main effect of absorption of radio waves is to heat them
-similarly to the infrared waves radiated by sources of heat
-such as a space heater or wood fire
-oscillating electric field of the wave
-causes polar molecules to vibrate back and forth
-increasing the temperature
-how a microwave oven cooks food
-radio waves are able to penetrate the surface
-deposit their energy inside materials and biological tissues
-the depth to which radio waves penetrate decreases
-with their frequency
-depends on the material's resistivity and permittivity
-given by a parameter called the skin depth of the material
-which is the depth within which 63% of the energy is deposited
-2.45 GHz radio waves penetrate foods 2.5 to 3.8 cm
4. 5. What you are promised is true.
Waw-Ayn-Dal = to promise, give one's word, threaten, promise good, threaten (depending on context).
Sad-Dal-Qaf = to be truthful, true, sincere, speak the truth, establish or confirm the truth of what another has said, verify, keep faith, observe a promise faithfully,
fulfill, speak veraciously, hold anyone as trustworthy. sadaqa fi al-qitaali - to fight gallantly. tsaddaqa - to give alms. sidqun - truth, veracity, sincerity, soundness,
excellence in a variety of different objects, salubrious and agreeable, favourable entrance, praise. saadiqun - one who is true and sincere, one who speaks the
truth. saadiqah - perfect woman. sadaqat (pl. saduqaat) - dowry. siddiiq - person who is trustworthy, sincere. saddaqa - to confirm, verify, fulfil. asdaqu - more
true.
What is being -radio frequency radiation has electric/ magnetic component
promised? -the unit volts per meter (V/m) is used for the electric component
-the unit amperes/meter (A/m) used for the magnetic component
-electromagnetic field, and these units are used to provide
information about the levels of electric and magnetic field strength at
a measurement location
-unit for characterizing an RF electromagnetic field is power density
-power density is most accurately used
-when the point of measurement is far enough away
-from the RF emitter to be located
-in what is referred to as the far field zone of the radiation pattern
-in closer proximity to the transmitter, i.e., in the "near field" zone
-relationships of electric and magnetic components are complex
-it is best to use the field strength units discussed above
-power density is measured in terms of power per unit area
-for example, milliwatts per square centimeter (mW/cm2
)
6. Systematic way to protect and preserve/Judgment will take place.
Dal-Ya-Nun = obedience/submissiveness, servility, religion, high/elevated/noble/glorious rank/condition/state, took/receive a loan or borrowed upon credit,
become indebted, in debt, under the obligation of a debt, contract a debt, repay/reimburse a loan, rule/govern/manage it, possess/own it, become
habituated/accustomed to something, confirmation, death (because it is a debt everyone must pay), a particular law/statute, system, custom/habit/business,
a way/course/manner of conduct/acting, repayment/compensation.
Waw-Qaf-Ya = to protect, save, preserve, ward off, guard against evil and calamity, be secure, take as a shield, regard the duty. muttaqii - one who guard
against evil and against that which harms and injures and is regardful of his duty towards human beings and God.
What stories? -The One is talking about the system of the universe
-that The One protect and preserved for the life of humanity
-how The One creted the radiowave
-that can be used as radio communication system
-that carry the bits and pieces of information
-be transferred through empty space
-reaching the target numbering in millions
-how wonderful the system created by The One
-to be discovered by human
Is there more? -surely yes!
-to be discovered
7. By the universe that is woven.
Ha-Ba-Kaf = To bind or tie a thing, make a thing fast or firm, make or weave a thing well, weave a thing firmly or compactly, to sew (cloth or leaves of a book),
cut/smite or sever the neck, to weave with stripes, raise or tuck up ones clothes.
5. I can’t fathom! -The One hold together the universe with trellis
-the universe is woven into a complex weave with stripes
-of dark matter and dark Energy; dark meaning unknown
-at the same time the universe is expanding
-meaning the trellis is expanding
-otherwise the universe will be flying all over without any anchor
8. You differ in what you say.
And? -we differed in our understanding of the universe
-only recently we get the closer picture
9. Averted from it is he who is deluded.
Alif-Fa-Kaf = change its manner/state, turn it away/back, change/pervert opinion/judgement, deceive, lie/falsehood/untruth, overturn, seduce.
Averted? -we are averted and deluded
-believing in something we do not know
10. Master the liars.
Qaf-Ta-Lam = to kill, put to death, be accused, slay/murder/kill/slaughter, attempt to kill, render person like to one killed, to wage war/combat/battle, to master,
contend/fight, deadly, knew a thing thoroughly/well, become acquainted with it.
Kh-Ra-Sad = To compute a quantity by way of conjecture, opining or form an opinion of a thing of which one is not certain, to speak by opinion or conjecture,
and thus, lie and speak falsely and say what is untrue, forge a lie or saying, to be hungry and cold.
Averted by the liars? -yes for a very long time
-The One says master them
How? -master the knowledge about universe
-send probe to space and universe
-nothing better than mastering the subject
11. Those who are dazed in heedless.
Gh-Miim-Ra = much in quantity, abundant, copious, to overflow, ignorant, immerged, plunged, intensely, inexperienced, unintelligent, drowning,
overwhelming ignorance, confused mass of anything, flood of water, distress, bewilderment, perplexity.
Siin-ha-Waw = to overlook, neglect, be heedless, unmindful, give no heed.
Dazed? -yes, dazed because of not knowing
-not knowing the fate of universe
-The One has warned us human millionth times
-the universe is going to end
-but human lived as if the universe will not end
-but individual life end at about 72 yearsold
-that’s life expectancy
-yet they forgotten
6. 12. They ask, “When is the Day of Judgment?”
They ask? -mockingly
-as the day of retribution is yet coming
-the day when The One will
13. The Day they are punished with the Fire.
14. “Taste your ordeal. This is what you used to challenge.”
15. But the conscious are amidst gardens and springs.
16. Receiving what their Regulator has given them. They were virtuous
before that.
17. They used to sleep a little at night.
18. And at dawn, they would pray for pardon.
19. And in their wealth, there was a share for the beggar and the deprived.
20. And on earth are evidences for the convinced.
21. And within yourselves. Do you not see?
22. And in the universe is your livelihood, and what you are promised.
7. 23. By the Regulator of the universe and the earth, it is as true as the fact
that you speak.
24. Has the story of Ibrahim’s honorable guests reached you?
25. When they entered upon him, they said, “Peace.” He said, “Peace,
strangers.”
26. Then he slipped away to his family, and brought a fatted calf.
27. He set it before them. He said, “Will you not eat?”
28. And he harbored fear of them. They said, “Do not fear,” and they
announced to him the good news of a knowledgeable boy.
29. His wife came forward moaning. She clasped her face, and said, “A barren
old woman?”
30. They said, “Thus spoke your Regulator. The One is the Wise, the
Knowing.”
31. He said, “What is your business, O envoys?”
32. They said, “We are sent to a people guilty of crime.”
33. “To unleash upon them brimstones.”
8. 34. “Marked by your Regulator for the excessive.”
35. We evacuated all those convinced who were in it.
36. But found in it only one household of Muslims.
37. And The One left an indicator therein for those who fear the painful
punishment.
38. And in Musa. The One sent him to The Wicked with a clear authority.
39. But he turned away with his supporters, and said, “An eloquent/sorcerer
or a madman.”
40. So The One seized him and his troops, and threw them into the
water/sea, and he was to blame.
41. And in Aad. The One unleashed against them the devastating wind.
42. It spared nothing it came upon, but rendered it like decayed ruins.
43. And in Thamood. They were told, “Enjoy yourselves for a while.”
44. But they defied the command of their Regulator, so the lightning struck
them as they looked on.
45. They could not rise up, nor could they find help.
9. 46. And before that, the people of Noh. They were immoral people.
47. The One constructed the universe with power, and The One is
expanding it.
48. And the earth— The One spread it out— How well The One prepared it!
49. The One/We created all things in pairs, so that you may reflect and
ponder.
50. “So flee towards The One To Serve/Allah. I am to you from The One a
clear warner.”
51. “And do not set up any other to serve with The One To Serve/Allah. I am
to you from The One a clear warner.”
52. Likewise, no messenger came to those before them, but they said, “An
eloquent/sorcerer or a madman.”
53. Did they recommend it to one another? In fact, they are rebellious
people.
54. So turn away from them; you are not to blame.
55. And remind, for the reminder benefits those convinced.
56. I did not create the invisibles and the humans except to serve Me.
10. 57. I need no livelihood from them, nor do I need them to feed Me.
58. The One To Serve/Allah is the Provider, The One with Power, the Strong.
59. Those who do wrong will have their turn, like the turn of their
counterparts, so let them not rush Me.
60. So woe to those who are not convinced because of that Day of theirs
which they are promised.
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