Recorded music technology evolved from the phonautograph in 1857 which recorded sound but could not play it back, to Edison's phonograph in 1877 which could both record and playback sound on phonograph cylinders. Berliner's gramophone in the 1890s allowed mass production of vinyl records. Throughout the 20th century, recording formats continued advancing to include 10-inch and 12-inch records played at different speeds, until the introduction of compact discs in 1982 which had greater storage capacity than vinyl records. Recorded music grew to be a major part of popular culture and a commercial industry over this time period.

1. RECORDED MUSIC (media) .pop culture.
Technology
- Phonoautograph (1857), by Édouard-Léon
Scott de Martinville
- Phonograph, Edison (1877),the sound
recorded to phonograph cylinder.
- The cilinder  gramophone (made from
vinyl) , by Emile Berliner (around 1895),
allowed mass copying
- Speeds and Size:
33 1/3 records (1931, RCA victor), 10”
records (Columbia), 12”, 331/3 (1939,
Columbia) , 7” 45 rpm (RPA victor, 1949)
.records & compact discs.

2. RECORDED MUSIC (media) .pop culture.
Usage as The Commercial
Entertainments
- “phonograph parlors”, coin-
operated phonographs (1890s)
- “high class imaging” by three
majors company  Edison
Speaking Phonograph Company,
Columbia, and Victor Talking
Machine Company
- Victrola (flat disk)  “for the classes, not the
masses”
- opera songs, traditional parlor songs, or home
and family-imagery music
- phonograph/gramophone versus Jane
addams Hull House  how to determine “good
art for society”
.records & compact discs.

3. RECORDED MUSIC (media) .pop culture.
 Victor: also interested to put on ‘the
currenst desire’, its introduced the
Original Dixieland Jazz Band (1917)
 However, big records still refrain for
recording many popular music
 Open the chance for newer
recording company
 Okeh records (1918) promoting the most popular records,
in1920 releasing “Crazy Blues”
 audience consciousness  phonograph were widely
bought because it did not need electricity
 In Atlanta; jazz and blues recordings  black, “country” 
white
 Talent scouting began, and New York centered recording
started  more players involved
.records & compact discs.

4. RECORDED MUSIC (media) .pop culture.
 Industry compete in “Race Music”
 1923  hillybilly record, accidentally coming
from a working-class fiddle player
 the coming of the radio began to strike the
records industry
 Radio down the records, Edison and Columbia
ended, Victor backed up by RCA
 Jack Kapp established Decca’s Records (1934)
and cut record price, Jukeboxes came to it’s
popularity in public places
 Kapp also used ‘great depression’ for attracting
consumer
 “Swing music” turned down the jazz, sweet
bands.
.records & compact discs.

5. RECORDED MUSIC (media) .pop culture.
 1950s; rock dominated as expression of
“longing for community”
 1960s; new rock raised cultural and political
consciousness
 1970s there were 6 huge recording
company; Columbia/CBS, Warner comm,
RCA Victor, Capitol-EMI, MCA, United Artists-
MGM
Technology
CD (1982) 75 mins compared to vinyl records,
40 mins.
Usage
- CD is superiority: size, length, and sounds
quality
- small independent labels claimed vinyl
record as symbol of nonconformity
- Mainstream company embraced
underground rock.
.records & compact discs.