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Recirculating Aquaculture Systems (RAS)
The document discusses the challenges and opportunities of recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) in the U.S., highlighting the growth in seafood demand and associated market dynamics. It emphasizes the high failure rate of RAS operations due to economic and management issues, while identifying successful cases like tilapia and barramundi production. Furthermore, it calls for serious discussions on enhancing seafood production to address economic viability and sustainability in aquaculture.
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Recirculating Aquaculture Systems (RAS)
- 1. Chris Weeks Aquaculture ExtensionSpecialist MSUE/NCRAC Recirculating Aquaculture Systems (RAS) 2016 Michigan Seafood Summit
- 2.
- 3. Imports – Exports USSeafood
- 4. 0.00 0.50 1.001.50 0 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 1998 2005 2013 Value ($ billion) # Farms US Aquaculture Farms Value 1.37 1.09 0.98 US Production
- 5. Ounceequivalents 2015 USDA DietaryGuidelines for Americans 0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 0 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 1998 2005 2013 Value ($ billion) # Farms US Aquaculture Farms Value
- 6. “We’re not against aquaculture,just this particular kind of aquaculture… We already know how to do aquaculture in Michigan” “Recirculating aquaculture… is already being implemented in Michigan, raise mass amounts of fish… a practice.. well suited to vacant warehouses ”
- 7. IN URBAN AREAS IT CANBE DONE SUSTAINABLY INDOORS AQUACULTURE IS IMPORTANT THROUGH RECIRCULATING AQUACULTURE SYSTEMS
- 8. RAS Recirculating Aquaculture Systems Rearing unit Biofilter Clarifier Pentair Waste TreatmentSystem(s) Purge System Ozone UV H2O Aeration/ Degassing
- 9. Anchorage Alaska DNRState Hatchery estimated $60-80 million
- 10. US Aquaculture Problem? Productionof Seafood • Food • Water • Energy • Environment
- 11. Business of Food •How do consumers see it? • Retailers?
- 12. 2014 Species Lbs 1 Shrimp4 2 Salmon 2.307 3 Canned Tuna 2.3 4 Tilapia 1.436 5 Pollock 0.981 6 Pangasius 0.69 7 Cod 0.657 8 Catfish 0.517 9 Crab 0.508 10 Clams 0.342 14.6Total All Species U.S. Per-Capita Consumption By Species in Pounds Data from National Marine Fisheries Service. Top Seafood Products Consumed in US
- 13. Water Low High Cage, netpenfarming, flow through (fish, shellfish, seaweeds) 0 100 RAS (no/low water exchange -African catfish, eel) 400 500 Tilapia 2,800 Catfish (intensive ponds) 4,000 16,000 Fish (freshwater ponds) 4,700 7,800 Shrimp farming (ponds) 11,000 43,000 RAS (trout 90% recycling) 25,000 Estimated Freshwater Use (liters/kg product) Modified from Costa-Pierce et al. Responsible use of resources for sustainable aquaculture
- 14. Energy • Colt etal. 2008 compared production of salmon smolts in RAS to traditional flow-through methods RAS 2.5 times electrical requirements
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- 17. kg CO2/kg Salmon (freshto US) 7.36 kg CO2/kg Salmon (frozen) 3.39 (fresh to US) 8.24 Model Land-based RAS to Norwegian Netpen Atlantic salmon 7.25 million lbs /yr Rosten et al. 2013 RAS Netpen CO2 Footprint
- 18. US RAS -Status - Operational - Unknown - Failed Information sources: http://www.thebetterfish.com/barra-blog/so-you-want-to-be-a-fish-farmer http://www.ccb.se/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Freshwater-Institute_Brian-Vinci_day1.pdf Weeks 2015 unpublished data from 2015 NCR survey to aquaculture extension personnel
- 19. Blue Ridge Aquaculture Startedin 1993 Tilapia 4 million lbs /yr (~2,000 MT)
- 20. Source: http://www.thebetterfish.com/ Started in2006 Species barramundi Target: 2 million lbs /yr (~1,000 MT) Australis, Turner Falls, MA
- 21. Operational RAS inUS Company State Start Species Production Vero Blue IA 2011 Barramundi 600,000 Australis Aquaculture MA 2004 Barramundi 1,500,000 Hunting Creek Fisheries MD Goldfish, Koi Mt. Parnell Fisheries PA 1999 Goldfish, Koi Desert Springs AZ 2005 Tilapia 1,000,000 Colorado correctional CO Tilapia Tippco IN 2011 Tilapia 125,000 RDM Shrimp IN 2010 Marine shrimp Indiana RAS 1 IN Pond stocking Illinois 1 IL LMB Aqua Green LA 2006 Tilapia 500,000 Astor Farms NC 2009 Tilapia 400,000 Brock Farms NC 2001 Tilapia 150,000 Circle G Farms NC 2001 Tilapia 300,000 DPK NC 2001 Tilapia 300,000 Farmers Catch NC 2001 Tilapia 150,000 Southern Farm Tilapia 1 NC 1998 Tilapia 250,000 Sutton Farms NC 2001 Tilapia 300,000 Taylor Fish Farm NC 2009 Tilapia 250,000 Triple M aquaculture NC Tilapia Freshwater Farms OH Trout, Y. Perch 100,000 Ohio Tilapia 1 OH Tilapia CA sturgeon CA Sturgeon / caviar Blue Ridge Aquaculture VA 1993 Tilapia 4,000,000 4+ yrs operating
- 22. Species Number MillionLbs Tilapia 14 7.7 Barramundi 2 2.1 Goldfish, Koi 2 Trout and Yellow Perch 1 0.1 Largemouth Bass 1 Marine Shrimp 1 Unknown 1 Sturgeon (caviar) 2 total 23 ~ 10 4+ yrs operating Operational RAS in US rough estimates are < 2% of total US production > 98% live ethnic / direct sale/ premium markets
- 23. US RAS –closed / failures State Qty State Qty Al 1 MT 2 CA 3 NC 3 GA 1 ND 1 IA 2 NH 1 ID 1 NV 2 IL 7 NY 3 IN 3 OH 17 KY 1 PA 4 LA 2 TX 1 MA 3 VA 3 MD 2 WA 1 ME 1 WI 9 MI 5 WV 2 MN 4 total 85 ~ 80% failure rate to date (based on available information)
- 24. 1999-2013 • $4.5 millionfacility • Started 1999 • Co-op 308 farmers • Heat from beet sugar processing facility 30,000 lbs tilapia/wk to live ethnic markets
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- 26. RAS in theNCR survey to aquaculture Extension and Industry Number commercial RAS in state successfully operating for 5+ years 5 Number producing 100,000 lbs+ annually 2 Number failures you can recall in your state 43 Average 5 year success rate (%) 10
- 27. Why the highfailure rate? Economics – Poor planning • Unrealistic expectations • Business planning • Market analysis • Return on investment issues – Management and manageability • Complexity • Catastrophic failures
- 28. Where does RASappear to be working? • Tilapia (live ethnic markets) • Hatchery systems for marine netpens
- 29. 13.5 million smoltsto 200-300 grams for netpen grow out
- 30. Where does RASappear to be working? • Tilapia (live ethnic markets) • Hatchery systems for marine netpens • Barramundi (relatively new, mostly live markets) • Sturgeon (caviar) • Smaller scale DIRECT SALES?
- 31. Smaller scale DIRECTSALES • Local farm markets and community supported agriculture (CSA’s) – CAN YOU COMPETE WITH THE TERRESTIAL CROP STAND /CSA CLOSE TO YOU? – IF NOT, WHY IS YOUR PRODUCT BETTER? • Live market – IS THERE A NEW MARKET WITHIN DESIRED RADIUS? – IS THERE ROOM FOR ADDITIONAL PRODUCT? • Premium fish markets – ARE THERE ENOUGH RESTAURANTS CLOSE BY THAT WOULD PAY MORE FOR A FRESH PRODUCT?
- 32. RAS to Watch •Barramundi (Iowa) • Salmon
- 33. Target 7.2 millionlbs /yr barramundi spoke and hub operation
- 34. Poland 2016 startup $12Million Geothermal “Premium” on-land salmon
- 35. http://www.intrafish.com/news/article1396517.ece Part of AtlanticSaphire new 3,000 MT facility Florida??
- 38. RAS to Watch •Barramundi (Iowa) • Salmon • Shrimp?
- 40. Darryl Brown ofRDM Shrimp (IN). Photo : Purdue University
- 41. http://ralcotoday.com/ Target 1.0 million lbs/yr marine shrimp spoke and hub operation
- 42. Hub and SpokeContract Network Contract Producers Regional Hub
- 43. Why RAS needsserious discussion: • US is falling behind in seafood production • Higher failure rates – Caused by economic viability – High risk factor for aquaculture investment • Controversial – Perception vs reality? • Short and long term sustainability issues