Download to read offline
Reciprocating Machines (ss).pptx
- 1. By Ankur Vishwakarma Department OfMechanical Engineering 1 Reciprocating Machines Ankur Vishwakarma
- 2. CONTENT 1. Introduction ofSteam Engine 2. Classification of Steam Engine 3. Construction of “Single Cylinder Double Acting horizontal reciprocating Steam Engine” 4. Working of “Single Cylinder Double Acting horizontal reciprocating Steam Engine” 5. Rankine Cycle ( P-V Dig for steam engine) 6. Application of Steam Engine 2 Ankur Vishwakarma
- 3. 1. Introduction OfSteam Engine 1. It is a engine that perform mechanical work using steam as working fluid. 2. It is an external combustion engine. 3. Steam ( working fluid ) at high pressure is supplied by boiler ( device used for producing steam using water ). 4. This high pressure steam expands to low pressure in cylinder & released to atmosphere or condenser & pumped back to boiler . 5. The ideal thermodynamics cycle to analyze this process is called Rankine cycle. 3 Ankur Vishwakarma
- 4. 2. Classification ofSteam Engine Ankur Vishwakarma 4
- 5. 3. Construction Of“Single Cylinder Double Acting Horizontal Reciprocating Steam Engine” 5 Ankur Vishwakarma
- 6. 4. Working of“Single Cylinder Double Acting horizontal reciprocating Steam Engine” (part 1) Fig 1 . Consider the position of “D slide value” 1. Port A open for steam enter & 2. Port B is open for steam exit through exhaust port 3. Expansion of steam take place on “side A” (Front or cylinder head end) 4. Causing piston to move from side “A” to “B”. 5. Crank rotates half revolution i.e. 180 deg 6. Compression of steam take place on “side B” . Low pressure steam exit through exhaust port A B 6 Ankur Vishwakarma
- 7. 4 . Workingof “Single Cylinder Double Acting horizontal reciprocating Steam Engine” (part 2) Fig 2 . Consider the position of “D slide value” 1. Port B open for steam enter & 2. Port A is open for steam exit through exhaust port 3. Expansion of steam take place on “side B” ( rear or crank end). 4. Pushing piston from side “B” to “A”. 5. crank rotates half revolution i.e. 180 deg 6. Compression of steam take place on “side A” . Low pressure steam exit through exhaust port A B B 7 Ankur Vishwakarma
- 8. Steam flow path 8 AnkurVishwakarma
- 9. 5. Rankine cycle (P-V Diagram for steam Engine) 9 Ankur Vishwakarma
- 10.
- 11. 6. Application ofSteam Engine 11 Ankur Vishwakarma
- 12. Petrol (Otto) Engine AnkurVishwakarma 12
- 13. CONTENT 1. Introduction OfPetrol Engine 2. Construction Of “Petrol (Otto)engine” 3. Working Of “Petrol (Otto)engine” 4. P-V Dig Petrol (Otto ) Engine 13 Ankur Vishwakarma
- 14. PREVIOUS YEARS QUESTION (from unit 5 , BME ) S.NO. YEAR QUESTION 1 2019 2 2018 14 Ankur Vishwakarma
- 15. Basic Petrol EngineComponents Ankur Vishwakarma 15 Fig 1: Cross Section of a Spark Ignition Engine
- 16.
- 17.
- 18. • Stroke (L): piston motion between two successive dead centres ( TDC & BDC) • Compression Ratio (r) : total volume / clearance volume Ankur Vishwakarma 18
- 19. WORKING PRINCIPLE (PETROL ENGINE ) Ankur Vishwakarma 19
- 20. Valve Position INLET valve (a)Open Initially (b)Closed At The End Of Stroke Exhaust valve Remain closed Piston Motion TDC ( top dead centre ) to BDC ( bottom dead centre) Volume / Pressure As volume Increases , pressure decreases inside the cylinder Effect The charge consisting of fuel –air mixture is drawn into the cylinder Crank Rotation 180 ( half revolution) Ankur Vishwakarma 20 Suction or Intake Stroke
- 21. Compression Stroke Valve Position INLETvalve Remain closed Exhaust valve Remain closed Piston Motion BDC TO TDC Volume / Pressure As volume decreases , pressure Increases inside the cylinder Effect At the end of this stroke charge is ignited will the help of spark plug Temperature Raised to about 2000 deg C Ankur Vishwakarma 21
- 22. Power or ExpansionStroke Valve Position INLET valve Remain closed Exhaust valve Remain closed Piston Motion TDC to BDC Volume As volume increases Effect Burnt gases pushes the piston from TDC to BDC . Thus power is obtained during this stroke Temperature / Pressure Both decreases during expansion Ankur Vishwakarma 22
- 23. Exhaust Stroke Valve Position INLETvalve Remain closed Exhaust valve (a) Open Initially (b)Closed At The End Of Stroke Piston Motion BDC TO TDC Volume / Pressure As volume decreases , pressure almost atmospheric Effect This stroke sweeps the brunt gases out from the cylinder almost at atmospheric pressure These four process combined to form one complete cycle. Ankur Vishwakarma 23
- 24.
- 25.
- 26. Actual & IndicatedPV Diagram Ankur Vishwakarma 26
- 27. COMPARISON OF S.I& C.I ENGINE Ankur Vishwakarma 27
- 28.
- 29.
- 30. Basic Diesel EngineComponents Ankur Vishwakarma 30 Components Petrol Diesel Working fuel Charge ( fuel + Air mixture) Air ( fuel injected in atomised form) Ignition Spark plug Fuel injector Type Spark ignition Compression ignition
- 31. Difference between Petrol& Diesel Engine Head Ankur Vishwakarma 31
- 32. The Working PrincipleOf Diesel Engine Ankur Vishwakarma 32
- 33. COMPARISON OF OTTO& DIESEL CYLCE ( p-v diagram) PETROL ( OTTO ) CYCLE DIESEL CYCLE Ankur Vishwakarma 33
- 34. TWO STROKE ENGINE AnkurVishwakarma 34
- 35.
- 36. Construction ( TwoStroke Engine) Ankur Vishwakarma 36
- 37. IGNITION & INDUCTION AnkurVishwakarma 37
- 38. EXPANSION & COMPRESSION AnkurVishwakarma 38
- 39. EXHAUST & TRANSFER AnkurVishwakarma 39
- 40.
- 41.
- 42.
- 43.