Recall that E. coli can grow in glucose-salts medium, which contains .pdf
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Glucose serves two main purposes for E. coli in a glucose-salts medium. It acts as the primary energy source, being broken down through central metabolism pathways like the EMP pathway and TCA cycle to generate energy. Glucose also provides the carbon that makes up the cell's organic molecules, as E. coli is composed almost entirely of carbon-containing molecules and obtains its carbon mainly from broken down glucose.
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Explain how cellular respiration (O2 consumption and CO2 production).pdf
Explain how cellular respiration (O2 consumption and CO2 production) is linked to ATP
production. Is the coupling of these two processes perfect? Why or why not?
Solution
The primary function of cellular respiration is to generate ATP, which traps some of the
chemical energy of food molecules in its high- energy bonds (adenosine triphosphate). The
process of generation of ATP is via glycolysis and Krebs’s cycle finally through oxidative
phosphorylation.
The overall balanced reaction of cellular respiration is:
CHO + 6O 6CO + 6HO + ATP
Glucose + oxygen carbon dioxide + water + energy
In this reaction, glucose oxidized and oxygen reduced.
Cellular respiration (O2 consumption and CO2 production) is linked to ATP production because
it is different from cellular respiration as it involves metabolic activities using molecular oxygen
such as Citric acid cycle and electron transport to synthesize energy in the form of ATP to
perform respiration. CO2 is the output of the cellular respiration from mitochondria and expelled
out of the body by carrying through hemoglobin in the form of carboxy- hemoglobin to the
alveoli of lungs.
The coupling of these two processes such as O2 consumption and CO2 production inked to ATP
production is perfect. Mitochondrial chemiosmosis –cellular respiration (through Fernadez
Moran inner mitochondrial oxysomes particles) during cellular respiration obtain energy from
chemical enzymatic breakdown of the organic food molecules (glucose, pyruvate, acetylcoA) to
produce ATP in the presence of O2 consumption. During electron transport, the final electron
acceptor is oxygen for oxidative phosphorylation via energy producing molecules such as NADH
(3 ATP), FADH2 (2ATP) and ATP. Therefore, it is going to \"oxygen\" that accepting electrons
at the end of the electron transport chain to generate ATP via mitochondrial respiratory complex-
I to V. Every 3 protons used to produce one ATP molecule. Inner membrane possess small
protein channels known as porins in mitochondria & these channels promote the movement of
any small molecules such as ATP through them
However, the coupling is perfect between the O2 consumption and CO2 production for ATP
production but whole-organism oxygen consumption is mainly related to rate of substrate
oxidation & it cannot be accurate measurement for ATP production due to variable P/O ratio
occurs..
How cells harvest or extract energy - Cell respiration
This ppt is made for understanding cell respiration. I referred from plant physiology chapter .
Recommended
Explain how cellular respiration (O2 consumption and CO2 production).pdf
Explain how cellular respiration (O2 consumption and CO2 production) is linked to ATP
production. Is the coupling of these two processes perfect? Why or why not?
Solution
The primary function of cellular respiration is to generate ATP, which traps some of the
chemical energy of food molecules in its high- energy bonds (adenosine triphosphate). The
process of generation of ATP is via glycolysis and Krebs’s cycle finally through oxidative
phosphorylation.
The overall balanced reaction of cellular respiration is:
CHO + 6O 6CO + 6HO + ATP
Glucose + oxygen carbon dioxide + water + energy
In this reaction, glucose oxidized and oxygen reduced.
Cellular respiration (O2 consumption and CO2 production) is linked to ATP production because
it is different from cellular respiration as it involves metabolic activities using molecular oxygen
such as Citric acid cycle and electron transport to synthesize energy in the form of ATP to
perform respiration. CO2 is the output of the cellular respiration from mitochondria and expelled
out of the body by carrying through hemoglobin in the form of carboxy- hemoglobin to the
alveoli of lungs.
The coupling of these two processes such as O2 consumption and CO2 production inked to ATP
production is perfect. Mitochondrial chemiosmosis –cellular respiration (through Fernadez
Moran inner mitochondrial oxysomes particles) during cellular respiration obtain energy from
chemical enzymatic breakdown of the organic food molecules (glucose, pyruvate, acetylcoA) to
produce ATP in the presence of O2 consumption. During electron transport, the final electron
acceptor is oxygen for oxidative phosphorylation via energy producing molecules such as NADH
(3 ATP), FADH2 (2ATP) and ATP. Therefore, it is going to \"oxygen\" that accepting electrons
at the end of the electron transport chain to generate ATP via mitochondrial respiratory complex-
I to V. Every 3 protons used to produce one ATP molecule. Inner membrane possess small
protein channels known as porins in mitochondria & these channels promote the movement of
any small molecules such as ATP through them
However, the coupling is perfect between the O2 consumption and CO2 production for ATP
production but whole-organism oxygen consumption is mainly related to rate of substrate
oxidation & it cannot be accurate measurement for ATP production due to variable P/O ratio
occurs..
How cells harvest or extract energy - Cell respiration
This ppt is made for understanding cell respiration. I referred from plant physiology chapter .
Cellular respiration
A lesson in earth and life science to better understand cellular respiration as complimentary process of photosynthesis
Bacterial Metabolism.pdf
Heterotrophic Metabolism
Bacterial Metabolism heterotrophic metabolism is the biological oxidation of organic substances such as glucose to produce ATP and simpler organic (or inorganic) chemicals that the bacterial cell need for biosynthetic or assimilatory activities.
Respiration
Respiration is a kind of heterotrophic metabolism that utilises oxygen and produces 380,000 calories from the oxidation of one mole of glucose. (Another 308,000 calories are wasted as heat.)
Krebs Cycle
The Krebs cycle is the oxidative mechanism in respiration that fully decarboxylates pyruvate (through acetyl coenzyme A). 15 moles of ATP (150,000 calories) are produced by the route.
Glyoxylate Cycle
The glyoxylate cycle, seen in some bacteria, is a variant of the Krebs cycle. The oxidation of fatty acids or other lipid molecules produces acetyl coenzyme A.
Electron Transport and Oxidative Phosphorylation
ATP is produced in the last stage of respiration by a series of electron transfer processes within the cytoplasmic membrane that drive the oxidative phosphorylation of ADP to ATP. For this process, bacteria utilise a variety of flavins, cytochrome and non-heme iron components, as well as several cytochrome oxidases.
Bacterial Metabolism.docx
Heterotrophic Metabolism
Bacterial Metabolism heterotrophic metabolism is the biological oxidation of organic substances such as glucose to produce ATP and simpler organic (or inorganic) chemicals that the bacterial cell need for biosynthetic or assimilatory activities.
Respiration
Respiration is a kind of heterotrophic metabolism that utilizes oxygen and produces 380,000 calories from the oxidation of one mole of glucose. (Another 308,000 calories are wasted as heat.)
Energy for food process.pdf
Energy for food process: According to estimates, a retail food product requires between 50 and 100 MJ (megajoules) of energy to produce and package each kilograms. Energy is needed in the food processing sector for power, heating, and cooling.
Different carbohydrate metabolism pathways by microbes
Carbohydrate is the major source of energy for a variety of microbes. Here are some significant metabolic pathways by which microorganisms utilize carbohydrates
Sindh textboard chapter bioenergetics
CHAPTER08 Grade IX SINDH BOARD
a complete set of notes with video and graphical diagram for Grade IX
if you need complete presentation in which you want to play video, you may ask in comment section
Write an identity in terms of sines and cosines to simplify it. The .pdf
Write an identity in terms of sines and cosines to simplify it. The expression 1 + cot^2 x/1 -
CSC^2 x simplifies to sin x cos x 1 - cos^2 x tan^2 x + 1 -sec^2z sin x tan x sec x
Solution
(1+cot^2x)/( 1-csc^2x)
we know cotx = cosx/sinx ; cscx = 1/sinx
(1+cot^2x)/( 1-csc^2x) = ( cos^2x +sin^2x)/(sin^2x -1)
=1/(-cos^2x)
= -sec^2x
OPtion : -sec^2x.
What is a sampling distribution Describe the similarities between t.pdf
What is a sampling distribution? Describe the similarities between the sampling distribution and
the frequency (population) distribution.
Solution
A sampling distribution is the collection of all possible samples of the same size from a given
population.
The similarity of the sampling distribution to the frequency distribution is that both make use of
frequencies and probabilities to give as an idea of the shape of the distribution..
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Bacterial Metabolism.pdf
Heterotrophic Metabolism
Bacterial Metabolism heterotrophic metabolism is the biological oxidation of organic substances such as glucose to produce ATP and simpler organic (or inorganic) chemicals that the bacterial cell need for biosynthetic or assimilatory activities.
Respiration
Respiration is a kind of heterotrophic metabolism that utilises oxygen and produces 380,000 calories from the oxidation of one mole of glucose. (Another 308,000 calories are wasted as heat.)
Krebs Cycle
The Krebs cycle is the oxidative mechanism in respiration that fully decarboxylates pyruvate (through acetyl coenzyme A). 15 moles of ATP (150,000 calories) are produced by the route.
Glyoxylate Cycle
The glyoxylate cycle, seen in some bacteria, is a variant of the Krebs cycle. The oxidation of fatty acids or other lipid molecules produces acetyl coenzyme A.
Electron Transport and Oxidative Phosphorylation
ATP is produced in the last stage of respiration by a series of electron transfer processes within the cytoplasmic membrane that drive the oxidative phosphorylation of ADP to ATP. For this process, bacteria utilise a variety of flavins, cytochrome and non-heme iron components, as well as several cytochrome oxidases.
Bacterial Metabolism.docx
Heterotrophic Metabolism
Bacterial Metabolism heterotrophic metabolism is the biological oxidation of organic substances such as glucose to produce ATP and simpler organic (or inorganic) chemicals that the bacterial cell need for biosynthetic or assimilatory activities.
Respiration
Respiration is a kind of heterotrophic metabolism that utilizes oxygen and produces 380,000 calories from the oxidation of one mole of glucose. (Another 308,000 calories are wasted as heat.)
Energy for food process.pdf
Energy for food process: According to estimates, a retail food product requires between 50 and 100 MJ (megajoules) of energy to produce and package each kilograms. Energy is needed in the food processing sector for power, heating, and cooling.
Different carbohydrate metabolism pathways by microbes
Carbohydrate is the major source of energy for a variety of microbes. Here are some significant metabolic pathways by which microorganisms utilize carbohydrates
Sindh textboard chapter bioenergetics
CHAPTER08 Grade IX SINDH BOARD
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More from hainesburchett26321
Write an identity in terms of sines and cosines to simplify it. The .pdf
Write an identity in terms of sines and cosines to simplify it. The expression 1 + cot^2 x/1 -
CSC^2 x simplifies to sin x cos x 1 - cos^2 x tan^2 x + 1 -sec^2z sin x tan x sec x
Solution
(1+cot^2x)/( 1-csc^2x)
we know cotx = cosx/sinx ; cscx = 1/sinx
(1+cot^2x)/( 1-csc^2x) = ( cos^2x +sin^2x)/(sin^2x -1)
=1/(-cos^2x)
= -sec^2x
OPtion : -sec^2x.
What is a sampling distribution Describe the similarities between t.pdf
What is a sampling distribution? Describe the similarities between the sampling distribution and
the frequency (population) distribution.
Solution
A sampling distribution is the collection of all possible samples of the same size from a given
population.
The similarity of the sampling distribution to the frequency distribution is that both make use of
frequencies and probabilities to give as an idea of the shape of the distribution..
What is the easiest to memorize the order of all the Eras and their .pdf
What is the easiest to memorize the order of all the Eras and their Periods and how to spell them.
I am looking for tips or acronyms.
Solution
To memorize the Eras:
Precambrian, Paleozoic, Mesozoic, Cenozoic:
*Pizza places make chicken.
*Peter Piper milks cows.
To memorize the Periods:
Cambrian, Ordovician, Silurian, Devonian, Mississippian, Pennsylvanian, Permian, Triassic,
Jurassic, Cretaceous, Tertiary, Quaternary:
* Cold oysters seldom develop many precious pearls, their juices congeal too quickly.
* Come over some day, maybe play poker. Three jacks can take queens.
* Charlie Oliver Still Drives My Purple Plymouth To Jersey City Through Quicksand
* Can old senators demand more political power than junior congressmen? Tough question!
* Quiet Time Can Just Tease People Particularly Men Dodging Spouses Ordering Chores
(Reverse).
To memorize the Epochs of Cenozoic Era:
Paleocene, Eocene, Oligocene, Miocene, Pliocene, Pleistocene, Holocene (or Recent):
Pretty Eager Old Men Play Poker Hard.
* Pigeon Egg Omelets Make People Puke Heartily.
* Put Eggs On My Plate Please Homer.
I suggest not to use mnemonics . Try to understand the reason behind naming them.then it would
be easier to remember.
What is stock split How is it equivalent to paying a dividendS.pdf
What is stock split? How is it equivalent to paying a dividend?
Solution
Stock Split is a corporate action in which a public company devide one share in different parts,
like 5 for 1 stock split mean for each of existing of investor receive five share. Stock split does
not affect market capitalization, that market capitalization remains constant before and after
stock split. as number of increase after stock split, stock price of company in same proportion.
The primary reason of stock split is to increase the liquidity of the stock. So by reduce the market
value of stock company makes the stock tradable more frequently..
Understanding Risk Terms and DefinitionsSolutionWhat is Risk.pdf
Understanding Risk Terms and Definitions
Solution
What is Risk?
Risk is part of every human endeavor. From the moment we get up in the morning, drive or take
public transportation to get to school or to work until we get back into our beds (and perhaps
even afterwards), we are exposed to risks of different degrees. What makes the study of risk
fascinating is that while some of this risk bearing may not be completely voluntary, we seek out
some risks on our own (speeding on the highways or gambling, for instance) and enjoy them.
While some of these risks may seem trivial, others make a significant difference in the way we
live our lives. On a loftier note, it can be argued that every major advance in human civilization,
from the caveman’s invention of tools to gene therapy, has been made possible because someone
was willing to take a risk and challenge the status quo. In this chapter, we begin our exploration
of risk by noting its presence through history and then look at how best to define what we mean
by risk.
By equating risk management with risk hedging, they have underplayed the fact that the most
successful firms in any industry get there not by avoiding risk but by actively seeking it out and
exploiting it to their own advantage.
A Very Short History of Risk
For much of human history, risk and survival have gone hand in hand. Prehistoric humans lived
short and brutal lives, as the search for food and shelter exposed them to physical danger from
preying animals and poor weather.1 Even as more established communities developed in
Sumeria, Babylon and Greece, other risks (such as war and disease) continued to ravage
humanity. For much of early history, though, physical risk
and material reward went hand in hand. The risk-taking caveman ended up with food and the
risk-averse one starved to death.
The advent of shipping created a new forum for risk taking for the adventurous. The Vikings
embarked in superbly constructed ships from Scandinavia for Britain, Ireland and even across the
Atlantic to the Americas in search of new lands to plunder – the risk-return trade off of their age.
The development of the shipping trades created fresh equations for risk and return, with the risk
of ships sinking and being waylaid by pirates offset by the rewards from ships that made it back
with cargo. It also allowed for the separation of physical from economic risk as wealthy traders
bet their money while the poor risked their lives on the ships.
The spice trade that flourished as early as 350 BC, but expanded and became the basis for
empires in the middle of the last millennium provides a good example. Merchants in India would
load boats with pepper and cinnamon and send them to Persia, Arabia and East Africa. From
there, the cargo was transferred to camels and taken across the continent to Venice and Genoa,
and then on to the rest of Europe. The Spanish and the Dutch, followed by the English, expanded
the trade to the East Indies with an entirely seafarin.
Thomas Townsend has an embarrassing criminal past. In 1985, he was c.pdf
Thomas Townsend has an embarrassing criminal past. In 1985, he was convicted of pedophilia,
having had sexual relations with a 15-year-old child (at the time, Townsend was 29 years old.)
By all accounts, Townsend has led a relatively uneventful life over the years since 1985,
spending most of his time building and selling musical instruments to earn a living, and
reclusively “keeping to himself” on his property on the edge of town.
Local police investigators are curious whether Townsend has truly learned from “the error of his
ways.” The local sheriff has received a number of complaints from area citizens, who are
appalled that a child sex offender is “among their midst.” Working in collaboration with the
Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI,) local police authorities devise and implement a plan to
determine whether Thomas is leading an innocent life. Over the course of an eighteen-month
period, police investigators mail Townsend a circular they have created, advertising a fictitious
publication called “Lustful Lads and Lasses.” Among other pronouncements, the circular entices
readers to “order now before publication ceases; see young boys and girls aged 12-16 engaged in
all sorts of acts only big boys and girls should be allowed to do!”
Having received the circular each month and having declined on seventeen occasions, Townsend
finally responds to the circular on the eighteenth occasion, mailing in the $39.95 purchase price.
Local, state and federal authorities immediately intervene, arresting Townsend for solicitation of
child pornographic materials.
At Townsend’s arraignment hearing, his attorney moves for immediate dismissal of the charges,
arguing entrapment. Do the police efforts described constitute entrapment? Does entrapment
justify dismissal of all charges against the accused? Rather than dismissal of charges, why not
simply sanction those authorities responsible for the entrapment?
Solution
Entrapment is a situation in which law enforcement agents lures a person to commit a criminal
offense that the person would have otherwise been unlikely to commit.
Townsend had declined the circular seventeen times. But on the 18th occasion, he gave in and
responded to the circular. So yes, the police efforts described constitute entrapment.
Looking at the \"objective\" test - Townsend was not ready and willing to commit crime. This
test ignores the accused personality and predisposition to commit the crime. Thus using the
objective test, all charges will be dismissed. Authorities responsible for entrapment will not be
penalized. There is no such precedence in law..
The lymphatic system is composed of all of the following except lymph.pdf
The lymphatic system is composed of all of the following except lymphatic vessels lymph nodes
the spleen. the vena cava lymph. The lymphocytes are most important in helping maintain
normal blood volume. transporting gases to and away from lymph nodes eliminating variations
in the composition of interstitial field transporting lipids from the digestive tract fighting
infection Compared to blood capillaries. lymph capillaries exhibit all of the following except that
they have no basement membrane are larger in diameter. have walls of endothelial cells that
overlap like shingles are smaller in diameter. are frequently irregular in shape Lymphatic vessels
are located in almost all portions of the body except the CNS. periphery. renal arteries. groin.
throat Most of the lymph returns to the venous circulation by way of the right lymphatic duct.
thoracic duct cisterna chitin. hepatic portal vein. Dural sinus.
Solution
19. D. Lymphatic system is composed of all of the following except the vena cavae.
Vena cavae are the structures into which one of the two lymphatic ducts empty its contents. So, it
is not part of the lymphatic system.
20. E. The lymphocytes are most important in fighting infection. Lymphocytes are of two types
B and T cells. Both are part of the immune system and help in producing antibodies that fight the
antigen.
21. A, B, C, D. Compared to blood capillaries, lymph capillaries exhibit all of the following
except that they have no basement membrane, have walls of endothelial cells that overlap like
shingles, and are smaller in diameter.
22. A. Lymphatic vessels are located in almost all portions of the body except the central nervous
system. Lymphatic vessels are present all over the body except in the bone marrow and central
nervous system.
23. A, B. Most of the lymph returns to the venous circulation by way of the right lymphatic duct
and thoracic duct. There are two ducts by which lymphatic vessels empty the contents. They
empty the contents into right and left subclavain veins respectively..
Surgeons have sometimes cut the corpus callosum as a treatment for w.pdf
Surgeons have sometimes cut the corpus callosum as a treatment for which disorder?
schizophrenia
bipolar disorder
epilepsy
outbursts of excessive violence
schizophrenia
bipolar disorder
epilepsy
outbursts of excessive violence
Solution
Cutting of Corpus callosum or \'corpus callosotomy\' is a procedure used for the treatment of
Epilepsy.
Explanation:The two parts of brain i.e., right and left hemisphere are connected by the corpus
callosum. It has the largest content of white matter within the brain with high myelin content. It
helps in communication of different parts of brain with each other. Again, Epilepsy or epileptic
seizures is a chronic disorder characterized by recurrent and strange seizures (fits). It happens
due to the malfunctioning of electrical impulses of the brain. The seizures may spread from one
part of brain to the other rapidly through corpus callosum. That is why corpus callosotomy is
used for the treatment of Epilepsy.
On the other hand, Schizophrenia is a mental disorder that affects the person\'s ability to think,
feel and other behaviours such as hallucinations, delusions start occuring. It occurs due to the
malfunctioning of neurotransmitters (dopamine, glutamate.) in the brain. Mostlly the patient is
treated with antipsychotics and other therapies.
Bipolar disorder also known as manic- depressive illness, a disorder in brain which results in
depression, extreme mood swings, many times occurence of suicidal tendencies. Mainly treated
with antipsychotics, antidepressents and healing therapies.
Outbursts of excessive violence also known as Intermittent explosive disorder characterised by
outrage of sudden unwarranted anger mainly treated with medication..
5 of 12 Incorrect Sapling Learning assify these items according to wh.pdf
5 of 12 Incorrect Sapling Learning assify these items according to whether they are descriptions
or examples of monomers or polyn Monomers Polymers simple sugars molecules composed
muscle protein individual subunits of smaller larger molecules linked together DNA nucleotides
sta Previous Check Answer o M MacBook Air
Solution
Monomers are simple or basic units for large Biomolecules: The following molecules are
Monomers: Simple Sugar (Basic units for Carbohydrates), Individual subunits of large molecules
(Building blocks), Nucleotides (Basic units for Nucleic acids linked b Phospho diester bond)
Polymers are condenced products of monomers. The following are polymeric compounds: Starch
(Homo polymer of glucose), DNA (Polymer of Deoxyribo nucleotides), Muscle protein (Any
protein is a polymer of Amino acids), Molecules composed of monomers together.
Random samples of 200 men, all retired were classified according to .pdf
Random samples of 200 men, all retired were classified according to education and number of
children is as shown below
Education level
Number of children
0-1
2-3
Over 3
Elementary
14
37
32
Secondary and above
31
59
27
Test the hypothesis that the size of the family is independent of the level of education attained by
fathers. (Use 5% level of significance)
Education level
Number of children
0-1
2-3
Over 3
Elementary
14
37
32
Secondary and above
31
59
27
Solution
H0: the two attributes are independent
H1: the two attributes are dependent.
Since p value is < 0.05, we reject the null hypothesis and conclude that the two attributes are
dependent.0 to 1 2 to 3 over 3 Total elementary14373283Secondary and
above315927117Total4596592006.29chi-square2df.0431p-value.
Question Hello, I need some assistance in writing a java pr...Hel.pdf
Question: Hello, I need some assistance in writing a java pr...
Hello, I need some assistance in writing a java program using stacks (LIFO).
Create a Calculator w/ GUI
Write a program that graphically displays a working calculator for simple infix expressions that
consist of: single-digit operands, the operators: +, -, *, and /, and parentheses.
Make the following assumptions:
unary operators (e.g. -2) are illegal
all operations, including division, are integer operations (and results are integers)
the input expression contains no embedded spaces and no illegal characters
the input expression is a syntactically correct infix expression
division by zero will not occur (consider how you can remove this restriction)
Create a GUI application, the calculator has a display and a keypad of 20 keys, which are
arranged as follows:
C
<
Q
/
7
8
9
*
4
5
6
-
1
2
3
+
0
(
)
=
As the user presses keys to enter an infix expression, the corresponding characters appear in the
display. The C (Clear) key erases all input entered so far; the < (Backspace) key erases the last
character entered. When the user presses the = key, the expression is evaluated and the result
appended to the right end of the expression in the display window. The user can then press C and
enter another expression. If the user presses the Q (Quit) key, the calculator ceases operation and
is erased from the screen.
C
<
Q
/
7
8
9
*
4
5
6
-
1
2
3
+
0
(
)
=
Solution
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
public class MyCalculator extends Frame
{
public boolean setClear=true;
double number, memValue;
char op;
String digitButtonText[] = {\"7\", \"8\", \"9\", \"4\", \"5\", \"6\", \"1\", \"2\", \"3\", \"0\", \"+/-\",
\".\" };
String operatorButtonText[] = {\"/\", \"sqrt\", \"*\", \"%\", \"-\", \"1/X\", \"+\", \"=\" };
String memoryButtonText[] = {\"MC\", \"MR\", \"MS\", \"M+\" };
String specialButtonText[] = {\"Backspc\", \"C\", \"CE\" };
String buttonsText[]={\"C\",\"<\",\"Q\",\"/\"};
String buttonText1[]={\"7\",\"8\",\"9\",\"*\"};
String ButtonsText2[]={\"4\",\"5\",\"6\",\"-\"};
String ButtonText3[]={\"1\",\"2\",\"3\",\"+\"};
String ButtonText4[]={\"0\",\"(\",\")\",\"=\"};
MyDigitButton digitButton[]=new MyDigitButton[digitButtonText.length];
MyOperatorButton operatorButton[]=new MyOperatorButton[operatorButtonText.length];
MyMemoryButton memoryButton[]=new MyMemoryButton[memoryButtonText.length];
MySpecialButton specialButton[]=new MySpecialButton[specialButtonText.length];
Label displayLabel=new Label(\"0\",Label.RIGHT);
Label memLabel=new Label(\" \",Label.RIGHT);
final int FRAME_WIDTH=325,FRAME_HEIGHT=325;
final int HEIGHT=30, WIDTH=30, H_SPACE=10,V_SPACE=10;
final int TOPX=30, TOPY=50;
///////////////////////////
MyCalculator(String frameText)//constructor
{
super(frameText);
int tempX=TOPX, y=TOPY;
displayLabel.setBounds(tempX,y,240,HEIGHT);
displayLabel.setBackground(Color.BLUE);
displayLabel.setForeground(Color.WHITE);
add(displayLabel);
memLabel.setBounds(TOPX, TOPY+HEIGHT+ V_SPACE,.
Please help I think the answer is B, but Im not too sure.A. Amni.pdf
Please help I think the answer is B, but I\'m not too sure.
A. Amniotic eggs evolved before hinged jaws.
B. Tuna are more closely related to salamanders than they are to turtles.
C. The most recent common ancestor of salamander and turtle had amniotic eggs, but not four
walking legs.
D. The most recent common ancestor of all of the species shown had a vertebral column.
E. Lamprey are more closely related to leopard than they are to lancelet.
A. Amniotic eggs evolved before hinged jaws.
B. Tuna are more closely related to salamanders than they are to turtles.
C. The most recent common ancestor of salamander and turtle had amniotic eggs, but not four
walking legs.
D. The most recent common ancestor of all of the species shown had a vertebral column.
E. Lamprey are more closely related to leopard than they are to lancelet. Vertebral column
Hinged jaws Four walking legs Amniotic egg Hair Lancelet (outgroup) Lamprey Tuna
Salamander Turtle Leopard
Solution
Lets see one by one each
Option E. Lamprey are more closely related to leopard than they are to lancelet. are not true as
the distance is more for Lamprey to leopard than lancelet.
D. The most recent common ancestor of all of the species shown had a vertebral column.also
wrong because ancestor were not having verebral column.
A. Amniotic eggs evolved before hinged jaws. not very sure if it is true.
B. Distance between Tuna and salamanders are far less than they are to turtles. so option B is
right
C option is also not very convincing as not sure that ancestor of salamander and turtle were not
having four walking legs..
Need help writing the code for a basic java tic tac toe game Tic.pdf
Need help writing the code for a basic java tic tac toe game
// Tic-Tac-Toe: Complete the FIX-ME\'s to have a working version of Tic-Tac-Toe.
// Note: the basis of the game is a two-dimensional \'board\' array, with 3 rows
// and 3 columns. A value of +1 indicates an \'X\' on the board; and a value of
// -1 indicates an \'O\'
// Group Member names:
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.util.Random;
import javax.swing.JMenu;
import javax.swing.JMenuBar;
import javax.swing.JMenuItem;
import javax.swing.*;
public class TicTacToe implements ActionListener{
// FIX ME #5: set CPU_PAUSE to true when ready to play
final boolean CPU_PAUSE = true; // does the CPU pause to think?
JButton [][] buttons = new JButton[3][3];
int [][] board = new int[3][3];
JLabel status = new JLabel(\"Player\'s turn\", JLabel.CENTER);
JFrame frame = new JFrame();
JPanel buttonPanel = new JPanel();
JPanel labelPanel = new JPanel();
Timer timer = null;
// draw X or O depending on \'x\' values
void refresh(int [][] x) {
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < 3; j++) {
if (x[i][j] == 1) {
buttons[i][j].setForeground(Color.blue);
buttons[i][j].setText(\"X\");
} else if (x[i][j] == -1) {
buttons[i][j].setForeground(Color.pink);
buttons[i][j].setText(\"O\");
} else {
buttons[i][j].setText(\" \");
}
}
}
}
boolean have_winner(int checkVal) {
boolean winner = false;
// FIX ME #1: if there are three \'checkVal\' values in-a-row across,
// then set \'winner\' to true
// FIX ME #2: if there are three \'checkVal\' values in-a-row vertically,
// then set \'winner\' to true
int checkSum = 0;
if (checkSum == 3 * checkVal){
winner = true;
}
// FIX ME #3: if there are three \'checkVal\' values in-a-row diagonally,
// then set \'winner\' to true
return winner;
}
boolean playerMove(ActionEvent e) {
JButton btn = (JButton) e.getSource();
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < 3; j++) {
if (btn.equals(buttons[i][j])) {
if (board[i][j] != 0) {
return false;
}
board[i][j] = 1;
refresh(board);
return true;
}
}
}
return false;
}
boolean board_is_full() {
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < 3; j++) {
if (board[i][j] == 0) return false;
}
}
return true;
}
ActionListener refreshListener = new ActionListener(){
int delayCount = 0;
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent event){
delayCount++;
if (delayCount > 5) {
delayCount = 0;
timer.stop();
enableButtons(false);
}
if (delayCount % 2 == 0) {
refresh(board);
} else {
int [][] x = new int[3][3];
refresh(x);
}
}
};
void enableButtons(boolean enable) {
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < 3; j++) {
buttons[i][j].setEnabled(enable);
}
}
}
ActionListener computerMove = new ActionListener(){
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent event){
/* FIX ME #4: The computer moves by placing an \'O\' on the board
* (i.e.), assigning a -1 to a valid element of the board array
* The computer can play randomly, by randomly selecting a
* row and column to play .
Inventory is recorded at what value on the balance Sheet Inven.pdf
Inventory is recorded at what value on the balance Sheet?
Inventory is recorded at what value on the balance Sheet?
Solution
Inventory is recorded at cost or market value , whichever is lower in the balance sheet.
For calculating cost of the inventory tehre are different valuation methods which can be
followed, subch as FIFO,LIFO etc..
If you are monitoring a 1 V source on an oscilloscope and the scope m.pdf
If you are monitoring a 1 V source on an oscilloscope and the scope measures the signal as 10
V, identify two possible causes.
Solution
Ans)
One of the possible cause is the probe which connects 1 V source to oscilloscope is 10x probe
,which means it will give a gain of 10 ,because of that 1 V looks like 10 V in scope
Another reason may be due to DC offset added because incorrect 0V position in the
scope,adjusted by putting in GND.
If Emery has $1,700 to invest at 7 per year compounded monthly, how .pdf
If Emery has $1,700 to invest at 7% per year compounded monthly, how long will it be before
he has $2,600? If the compounding is continuous, how long will it be?
Solution
formula for compound interest monthly:
Amount = Principal[ 1+r/12]^(t*12)
2800 = 1700[ 1 +0.07/12]^12t
1.647 = 1.0058^12t
take natural log on both sides:
ln(1.647) = 12*ln(1.0058)
t = 7.149 yrs
Continous Compounding :
Amount = Principal(e^rt)
2800 = 1700 e^(0.07t)
ln(28/17) = 0.07t
t = 7.128 years
Option C.
Identify and discuss features of organizations managers need to know.pdf
Identify and discuss features of organizations managers need to know about to build and use
information systems successfully
Solution
All Organizations are hierarchical, dedicated, and neutral, using specific routines to increase the
efficiency. All organizations have to cover their own cultures and politics arising from
differences in interest groups, and their nearby environment affects them. Organizations vary in
goals, groups served, social roles, leadership styles, incentives, varieties of tasks performed, and
type of structure. These features assist explain differences in organizations use of information
systems. Information systems and the businesses in which they are used to act together with and
manipulate each other..
he first photosynthetic organisms to oxygenate the Earth’s atmospher.pdf
he first photosynthetic organisms to oxygenate the Earth’s atmosphere and trigger a mass
extinction were:
Select one:
a. Land plants
b. Green algae
c. Cyanobacteria
d. Purple sulfur bacteria
e. Methanogens
Which of the following is absent in some kinds of living cells?
Select one:
a. cytoplasm
b. cell membrane
c. ribosomes
d. nucleus
e. phospholipids
Observations used as scientific evidence should NOT include
Select one:
a. peer-reviewed scientific literature.
b. previous data generated.
c. observations about past work.
d. anecdotal evidence.
e. other people’s data.
Solution
The cyanobacteria is responsible for the great oxygenation events
the red blood cells lack nucleus
anecdotal evidence little stories or hearsay would not be qualified as scientific evidence.
following concepts from Johnsons book in Ch. 1, Ch. 2 or Ch. 3-- w.pdf
following concepts from Johnson\'s book in Ch. 1, Ch. 2 or Ch. 3-- what are the aspects and
definition of Moral Reasoning, Nature of harms, moral disengagement and moral imagination,
what is shadow of Irresponsibility and the Shadow of Privilege? what are the basic characteristic
traits of wisdom, diligence, humility? and how does Moral compass and golden rule relate to
emotional and ethical intelligence as discussed by Weinstein and Maxwel?
Solution
Moral Reasoning
Moral reasoning can be defined as the process in which an individual tries to find out what is
right or wrong, taking into consideration personal postion, and with the help of logic.
Every day epople ahve t use this concept and in several situation. Every day people have to ask
several questions before taking into consideration various factors before telling a lie, that
whether the lie outweighs its consequences.
Moral disengagement
Moral disengagement is a term used to define a process wherein one convinces that ethical
standrds do not apply to the person in a particular situation, by separating moral standrads from
the inhumane conduct.
Moral imagination
Moral imagination is a term which implies that men and women are human beings and that the
power of imagination enables the human being to imagine beyond appearances, a heirarchy of
worth and truth.
Shadow of irresponsibility
A leader can either be a shadow of light or a shadow o darkness. The laeder who is allous,
corrupt, intoleran is a shadow of irresponsibility..
Explain how the structure and function are linked together for the f.pdf
Explain how the structure and function are linked together for the following organs of the
digestive system:
1) Mouth
2) Oesophagus
3) Stomach
4) Small intestine
5)Large intestine
6)Rectum
7) Anuss
Solution
I.Mouth:
It is the first organ of the digestive system and food is first taken into the body via the mouth. It
consists of tongue, teeth and saliva. These three elements work together to aid the procedure of
swallowing. Teeth are used for the process of mastication to make the food smaller is size which
is softened by the saliva and turned into bolus by the tongue for aiding the process of
swallowing. Saliva is used for softening the food and digesting starch by the salivary amylase.
Swallowing occurs bytwo involuntary actions - the soft palate, the back of the roof of the mouth,
closes off the nasal cavity, and the epiglottis, a flap of cartilage, tilts downwards to seal the
trachea.
II.II. Oesophagus – the food passes through the throat and enters the food pipe or trachea. The
walls of the oesophagus are muscular and elastic and helps propel the food towards the stomach
by rhythmic muscular contractions called peristalsis. Just before the opening to the stomach is an
important ring-shaped muscle called the lower esophageal sphincter (LES). This sphincter opens
to let food pass into the stomach and closes to keep it there. LES prevents regurgitation.
III.Stomach – the food is propelled into the stomach where it stays for upto five hours. The food
along with the gastric juices of the stomach is converted to chyme by the churning action of the
stomach walls. The stomach walls secrete strong acid (HCl) to make the food acidic in order for
the enzyme pepsin to work. Pepsin is important for the breakdown of proteins. Once the contents
of the stomach are properly processed they are released into the upper small intestine through the
pyloric sphincter.
IV.Small intestine – Small intestine is the longest organ of the digestive system and its composed
of three segments called the Duodenum, Jejunum and ileum. The food is released into the
duodenum from the pyloric sphincter where the pancreatic juices are released along with bile
juice from the bile duct. The bile turns the food alkaline so that the pancreatic enzymes can
process the food. These enzymes require a alkaline medium to digest the fats and lipids. Contents
of the small intestine start out semi-solid, and end in a liquid form after passing through the
organ. Water, bile, enzymes, and mucous contribute to the change in consistency. The duodenum
is largely responsible for the continuous breaking-down process, with the jejunum and ileum
mainly responsible for absorption of nutrients into the bloodstream. Once the nutrients have been
absorbed and the leftover-food residue liquid has passed through the small intestine, it then
moves on to the large intestine, or colon. The small intestine has a folded lining to absorb
nutrients; the lining of the large intestine is flatter
V.Large intestine -.
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