Basic reading skills include the ability to identify and manipulate individual sounds in language; to identify printed letters and their associated sounds; to decode written language. Phonics is a set of rules that specify the relationship between letters in the spelling of words and the sounds of spoken language

1. Reading skills
By
Dr. Anjibabu
MRECW

2. What is the definition of reading?
• "Reading" is the process of looking at a series
of written symbols and getting meaning from
them.
• When we read, we use our eyes to receive
written symbols (letters, punctuation marks
and spaces) and we use our brain to convert
them into words, sentences and paragraphs
that communicate something to us.

3. What are 4 types of reading skills?
• Skimming.
• Scanning.
• Intensive.
• Extensive.

6. What is the importance of reading skills?
• Reading is Essential and serves as a basic
building block for learning, regardless of the
school subject, be it language arts or even
math.
• In daily life, the need to read things such as
street signs or prescriptions proves reading is
also an important life skill. 2. Reading
Strengthens the Brainand improves memory

7. • 1. Reading is Essential and serves as a basic
building block for learning, regardless of the
school subject, be it language arts or even
math. In daily life, the need to read things
such as street signs or prescriptions proves
reading is also an important life skill.

8. • 2. Reading Strengthens the Brain and
improves memory. Reading also strengthens
brain connections and builds new ones.

9. • 3. Reading Improves Concentration. Since
reading is an activity that requires focus, it is
one that, when done regularly, helps children
develop the ability to sit still and quietly for
longer and longer periods of time.

10. • 4. Reading Improves a Child’s Vocabulary and
Language Skills. The more children read, the
more new words they learn. As they absorb
these new words, they are able to define
them based on the context of the
material. Children can also learn about
sentence structure through reading, which can
help improve their writing skills.

11. • 5. Reading Strengthens Analytical
Skills. Storylines in books often pose a
problem or issue that leads to a
solution. Reading these types of stories (e.g.
mysteries) offers children the chance to
identify and sort through the details
presented in order to determine the outcome
or solve the issue on their own while
developing their analytical skills in the
process.

12. • 6. Reading Teaches Children about the World
Beyond Their Own Doors. Children have the
opportunity to build a store of background
knowledge when are exposed to content that
can help them learn about different cultures
and societies as well as people, places and
events outside their own experiences.

13. • 7. Reading Fosters Self-Confidence and
Independence. Children who read regularly
develop strong literacy skills and become
competent readers. Strong literacy skills can
lead to greater self-sufficiency and, in turn, a
more confident child.

14. • 8. Reading Reduces Stress and Offers
Relaxation.Reading offers an escape into
other story worlds and away from daily
stressors. It also offers an escape from the
mentally overstimulating flashing lights and
noise of the computer or television. It is an
activity that can be done in silence and at a
child’s own pace.

15. • 9. Reading is Fun and Entertaining. With so
many genres of writing available, there’s
something out there for everyone’s tastes. A
good book can be even more entertaining
than a good movie since the reader is able to
use his or her imagination to develop the
words into his or her own mental images as
opposed to being confined to what is seen on
a movie screen.

16. • 10. Reading Allows a Child to Become a
Better Reader. Just as regular exercise
strengthens the body, reading strengthens the
mind. Reading regularly will not only help
your child to further develop this important
skill, it will help your child take better
advantage of all the benefits this skill has to
offer.

17. • The seven strategies of highly skilled readers
include activating, summarizing, monitoring
and clarifying, visualizing and organizing,
searching and selecting, questioning, and
inferring.

18. • Research shows that skilled or expert readers
possess seven strategies to construct meaning
before, during, and after reading a text. When
skilled students read, it is an active process. Their
minds are constantly processing information
extracted from the text, e.g., questioning the
author, summarizing passages, or interpreting
images. Contrarily, struggling readers often
unthinkingly read the words on the page. For
them, reading is an inactive activity. Constructing
meaning from the text does not naturally occur in
the mind of a struggling reader.

19. • Fortunately, the cognitive skills of expert
readers can be taught. The most effective way
for students to learn these skills is through
explicit and direct instruction. It is important
that teachers model these strategies to the
class before allowing students to
independently use one of them. Modeling a
strategy provides students with a clear
understanding of why they were given the
task and how to complete it properly.

20. • 7 Strategies
• Below is a summary of the seven strategies of
highly skilled readers. A brief purpose for using
each strategy is provided along with a
corresponding protocol. The seven strategies can
be used with a variety of texts depending on the
discipline. Examples of text include a painting, an
annual report for a business, a script for a play, a
mathematical word problem, a pie chart, a
recipe, or instructions for a science experiment.

21. • 1. Activating: Students use their past
experiences and/or knowledge to better
understand the text. (Example: text
connections.)
• 2. Summarizing: Students restate the purpose
and meaning of a text in their own words.
(Example: magnet summaries.)

22. • 3. Monitoring and Clarifying: Students determine
if they understand the text. If there are
misunderstandings, they clarify and correct the
confusion during and after reading a text.
(Example: text coding.)
• 4. Visualizing and Organizing: Students create
mental images of the text. Graphic organizers
help to provide structure and allow students to
generate ideas from the text. (Example: graphic
organizer.)

23. • 5. Searching and Selecting: Students gather
information from various resources to select
that which allows them to define key words,
answer questions, or solve problems.
(Example: claim, evidence, and reasoning.)

24. • 6. Questioning: Students create questions
about the text, ask themselves questions
while reading the text, and answer different
levels of questions about the text from their
peers and/or teacher. (Example: question-
answer relationship.)

25. • 7. Inferring: Students interpret the text and
draw logical conclusions. (Example: say-mean-
matter.)

28. What does think aloud means?
If you think aloud, you express your thoughts as
they occur to you, rather than thinking first
and then speaking. He really must be careful
about thinking aloud.

29. Word-Attack Strategies
• Start with the first letter, and say each letter-
sound out loud.
• Blend the sounds together and try to say the
word.
• Look at the worrd to make a connection
between its spelling and its sounds.
• Try substituting another sound.

30. What does infer mean?
• When you infer something, you read between
the lines. To infer is to make a well informed
guess — if you see your mom's bag on the
table, you might infer that she's home. When
you infer, you listen closely to someone and
guess at things they mean but haven't actually
said.

31. Close reading
• What do you mean by close reading?
• Snow and Connor (2016) define close reading
as “an approach to teaching comprehension
that insists students extract meaning from
text by examining carefully how language is
used in the passage itself” (p. 1). The main
intention of close reading is to engage
students in the reading of complex texts.

32. What is close reading and why is it important?
• Close reading is a strategy that requires
critical analysis of a short but complex text. A
successful close reading lesson will scaffold
student learning and focus on text-dependent
questioning and interpretation. When
participating in a close reading, students read
the text three times.

33. • What is the benefits of close reading?
• By doing a close reading, students are able to
delve deeper into a text and analyze,
interpret, and infer using a variety of literacy
skills. While students closely read, they are
understanding the purpose for reading that
text.

35. Critical Reading

36. Critical reading

37. What do critical readers do?