Reading Recovery is a short-term, one-on-one tutoring intervention developed by Marie Clay in 1976 to help struggling first grade readers and writers in New Zealand. It has since spread to the United States and other countries. During daily 30 minute sessions, tutors assess students' strengths and needs and design individualized lessons focused on developing fluency, comprehension, and independent reading skills like using context clues and phonics. Research shows Reading Recovery is highly effective in improving literacy and preventing long-term reading difficulties.