Readers guide sw his documents v2

HP IIIndian Hydrology Project
Technical Assistance
(Implementation Support) and
Management Consultancy
Readers’ Guide: Surface Water HIS Documents
April 2013

Hydrological Information System March 2013
HP II
Last Updated: 08/05/2014 05:25
Filename: Readers Guide SW HIS Documents.docx
Readers’ Guide: Surface Water HIS Documents
Helen Houghton-Carr (editor)
Issue and Revision Record
Rev Date Originator Checker Approver Description
0 09/04/13 HAHC Draft for comment
1 Revised draft for comment
2 Final draft for comment
3 Final

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Page i
Contents
Contents i
Glossary ii
1. General 1
2. HIS Manual Surface Water 3
2.1 Structure of the volumes
2.2 Overview of the contents
2.3 Other manuals
3
4
4
3. Surface Water Training Modules 7
3.1 Overview of the modules
3.2 Other training modules
3.3 “Training of trainers” training modules
7
9
9
4. Other documents 13
4.1 Additional guides
4.2 Technical papers
18
v
5. What’s new in HPII? 21
Annex I HIS Manual Surface Water authors
Annex II Summary of distribution of hard copy of HIS
Manual Surface Water
26
29

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Page ii
Glossary
ADCP Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler
ARG Autographic Rain Gauge
BBMB Bhakra-Beas Management Board
CGWB Central Ground Water Board
CPCB Central Pollution Control Board
CWC Central Water Commission
CWPRS Central Water and Power Research Station
Div Division
DPC Data Processing Centre
DSC Data Storage Centre
DWLR Digital Water Level Recorder
e-GEMS Web-based Groundwater Estimation and Management System
e-SWIS Web-based Surface Water Information System
FCS Full Climate Station
GEMS Groundwater Estimation and Management System
GW Groundwater
GWDES Ground Water Data Entry System
GWIS Groundwater Information System
HDUG Hydrological Data User Group
HIS Hydrological Information System
HP Hydrology project (HPI Phase I, HPII Phase II)
IMD India Meteorological Department
Lab Laboratory
MoWR Ministry of Water Resources
NIH National Institute of Hydrology
SRG Standard Rain Gauge
Stat Station
Sub-Div Sub-Division
SW Surface Water
SWDES Surface Water Data Entry System
TBR Tipping Bucket Raingauge
ToR Terms of Reference
WISDOM Water Information System Data Online Management
WQ Water Quality

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Page 1
1. General
The Hydrological Information System (HIS) provides information on the spatial and temporal
characteristics of water quantity and quality variables describing the water resources/water use
system in Indian States and Agencies participating in the Hydrology Project (see Table below).
The information is tuned to the requirements of the decision/policy makers, designers and
researchers to provide evidence to inform decisions on long-term planning, and to design or study
the water resources system at large or its components.
Phase I (1996-2003) Phase II (2006-2014)
States States
Andhra Pradesh Andhra Pradesh
Chhattisgarh Chhattisgarh
Goa
Gujurat Gujurat
Himachal Pradesh
Kerala Kerala
Karnataka Karnataka
Madhya Pradesh Madhya Pradesh
Maharastra Maharastra
Orissa Orissa
Pondicherry
Punjab
Tamil Nadu Tamil Nadu
Agencies Agencies
Bhakra-Beas Management Board (BBMB)
Central Ground Water Board (CGWB) Central Ground Water Board (CGWB)
Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB)
Central Water and Power Research Station
(CWPRS)
Central Water and Power Research Station
(CWPRS)
Central Water Commission (CWC) Central Water Commission (CWC)
Indian Meteorological Department (IMD) Indian Meteorological Department (IMD)
Ministry of Water Resources (MoWR) Ministry of Water Resources (MoWR)
National Institute of Hydrology (NIH) National Institute of Hydrology (NIH)
Hydrology Project Phase I (HPI) generated many hundreds of documents to assist staff working in
observation networks, laboratories, data processing and data storage centres and data
communication systems to collect, store, process and disseminate hydrometric data and related
information. The majority of these documents, particularly those relating to fundamental principles,
remain valid through and beyond Phase II (HPII). Some of the guides, manuals and training
material relating to Phase I software systems (SWDES, GWDES, HYMOS, GEMS,
GWIS/WISDOM) have been naturally superseded as replacement Phase II systems (e-SWIS, e-
GEMS) become active.
This guide aims to help HIS users locate and understand documents relevant to Surface Water
(stage-discharge, hydro-meteorology and water quality) in the document library available on the
Hydrology Project website http://hydrology-project.gov.in/ through the Guides and Manuals
webpage. The primary reference source is the HIS Manual Surface Water (Chapter 2). The
hydrometry and data management contents of the Manual are incorporated in the Surface Water
Training Modules of the Hydrology Project (Chapter 3); water quality training is dealt with
separately (see equivalent Readers’ Guide for Water Quality HIS). Additional guides and technical

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papers on surface water that may be of wider interest are also included (Chapter 4). Chapter 5
lists new Surface Water documents added during HPII.

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2. HIS Manual Surface Water
The HIS Manual Surface Water describes the procedures to be used to arrive at a sound operation
of the HIS as far as hydro-meteorological and surface water quantity and quality data are
concerned. The HIS Manual Surface Water consists of ten volumes, including:
Volume 1: Hydrological Information System: a general introduction to the HIS, its structure, HIS
job descriptions, Hydrological Data User Group (HDUG) organisation and user data needs
assessment.
Volume 2: Sampling Principles: units, principles of sampling in time and space and sampling
error theory.
Volume 3: Hydro-meteorology: network design, implementation, operation and maintenance.
Volume 4: Hydrometry: network design, implementation, operation and maintenance.
Volume 5: Sediment transport measurements: network design, implementation and operation.
Volume 6: Water Quality sampling: network design, implementation, operation and maintenance.
Volume 7: Water Quality analysis: laboratory procedures.
Volume 8: Data processing and analysis: specification of procedures for Data Processing
Centres (DPCs).
Volume 9: Data transfer, storage, and dissemination: design and specification of procedures in
the Data Storage Centres (DSCs).
Volume 10: Surface Water protocols: outline of protocols for data collection, entry, validation and
processing, communication, inter agency validation, data storage and dissemination, HIS training
and management.
2.1 Structure of the volumes
A volume of the HIS Manual Surface Water contains one or more of the following manuals,
depending on the topic:
Design Manual
Field Manual
Operation Manual
Reference Manual
The Design Manual provides the procedures for the design activities to be carried out for the
implementation and further development of the HIS. To arrive at a structured approach in
developing the HIS, in the Volumes 3 to 6, where the sampling of hydro-meteorological,
hydrological, sediment transport and water quality variables is dealt with, the following general
chapter sequence is maintained:
Chapter Content Chapter Content
1 Introduction, definitions and units 5 Measuring frequency
2 Description of the relevant 6 Measurement techniques

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processes
3 Network design and optimisation 7 Equipment specification
4 Site selection 8 Station design and construction
The Field Manual and Operation Manual are instruction books, describing in detail the activities
to be carried out in the field (station operation, maintenance and calibration), at the laboratory
(analysis), and at the Data Processing Centres (data entry, validation, processing and analysis)
and Data Storage Centres (data transfer, storage and dissemination). Each Field/Operation
Manual is divided into a number of parts. Each part describes a distinct activity at a particular field
station, laboratory or processing/storage centre.
The Reference Manual of a particular Volume includes additional or background information on
topics dealt with or deliberately omitted in the Design, Field and Operation Manuals.
2.2 Overview of the contents
The manuals included in the ten volumes of the HIS Manual Surface Water are listed below:
Volume 1: Hydrological Information System
Design Manual
Field Manual
 Part I: Job description
 Part II: Terms of Reference for HDUG
 Part III: Data needs assessment
Reference Manual
Volume 2: Sampling Principles
Design Manual
Reference Manual
Volume 3: Hydro-meteorology
Design Manual
Field Manual
 Part I: Network design and site selection
 Part II: Standard raingauge station (SRG) operation and maintenance
 Part III: Automatic raingauge station (ARG or TBR and SRG) operation and
maintenance
 Part IV: Full climatic station (FCS) operation and maintenance
 Part V: Field inspections, audits, maintenance and calibration
Reference Manual
Volume 4: Hydrometry
Design Manual
Field Manual
 Part I: Network design and site selection
 Part II: River stage observation
 Part III: Float measurements
 Part IV: Current meter gauging
 Part V: Field application of ADCP
 Part VI: Slope-area method
 Part VII: Field inspection and audits
 Part VIII: Maintenance and calibration

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Reference Manual
Volume 5: Sediment transport measurements
Design Manual
Field Manual
Reference Manual
Volume 6: Water Quality sampling
Design Manual
Field Manual
Volume 7: Water Quality analysis
Design Manual
Operation Manual
Volume 8: Data processing and analysis
Operation Manual
 Part I: Data entry and primary validation
 Part II: Secondary validation
 Part III: Final processing and analysis
 Part IV: Data management
Volume 9: Data transfer, storage, and dissemination
Design Manual
Operation Manual
Volume 10: Surface Water protocols
Operation Manual
 Data entry forms
A hard copy of the relevant parts should be available for the locations listed in Annex II. For
example, a hard copy of Volume 4: “Hydrometry” Field Manual Part IV: “Current meter gauging”
should be available at all hydrometric stations where flow measurements with a current meter take
place. Similarly, Volume 8: “Data processing and analysis” Operation Manual Part I: “Data entry
and primary processing“ should be applied at all Sub-divisional Data Processing Centres.
2.3 Other manuals
Also relevant to Surface Water are the HPI manuals for the SWDES and HYMOS software
systems, which will be superseded by e-SWIS in HPII.

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3. Surface Water Training Modules
The Surface Water training modules can be divided into three groups:
Stage-discharge: relating to the entry, primary and secondary validation, manipulation, analysis
and reporting of water level and flow data.
Meteorology: relating to the entry, primary and secondary validation, manipulation, analysis and
reporting of rainfall and climate data.
Data management: relating to the data processing activities and database management.
Many of these documents refer to Phase I software systems (SWDES, HYMOS), but the
underlying principles for data validation and analysis remain valid. The training modules will be
updated as the new software system e-SWIS, being developed in Phase II, becomes active.
Water quality training is dealt with separately (see equivalent Readers’ Guide for Water Quality
HIS).
3.1 Overview of the modules
The modules of the Surface Water training are listed below:
Topic Module Title
Data
management
01 HIS Concepts and its setup
02 Understanding SW data processing activities under HIS
03 Understanding SW data processing plan
04 Understanding different types and forms of data in HIS
05 How to receive data at different levels
06 UPDATED – shifted to module 46
Meteorology 07 How to make data entry for rainfall data
08 How to carry out primary validation for rainfall data
09 How to carry out secondary validation of rainfall
10 How to correct and complete rainfall data
11 How to compile rainfall data
12 How to analyse rainfall data
13 How to report on rainfall data
14 DELETED – How to process evaporation data
15 How to make data entry for climatic data
16 How to carry out primary validation for climatic data
17 How to carry out secondary validation of climatic data
18 MISSING – How to correct and complete climatic data
19 How to analyse climatic data
20 How to report on climatic data
Stage-
discharge
21 How to make data entry for water level data
22 How to carry out primary validation of water level data
23 How to carry out secondary validation of water level data
24 How to correct and complete water level data
25 DELETED –How to analyse water level data
26 MISSING – How to report on water level data
27 How to make data entry for flow measurement data
28 How to carry out primary validation of stage
29 How to establish stage discharge rating curve

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30 How to validate rating curve
31 How to extrapolate rating curve
32 How to carry out secondary validation of stage
33 How to report on stage discharge data
34 How to compute discharge data
35 UPDATED – shifted to module 36
36 How to carry out secondary validation of discharge data
37 How to do hydrological data validation using regression
38 How to do data validation using hydrological models
39 How to correct and complete discharge data
40 How to Compile Discharge Data
41 How to Analyse Discharge Data
42 How to Report on Discharge Data
43* Statistical Analysis with Reference to Rainfall & Discharge Data
44* How to carryout correlation and spectral analysis
45* How to review Monitoring Networks
Data
management
46 How to organise data into temporary databases
47 How to Work With Map Layers And Network Layers
48 How to transfer data between temporary databases
49 How to transfer data from temporary to permanent database
50 How to work with HYMOS in a network environment
51 How to back-up SW data at various DPCs
* Hydrometry modules also relevant to Meteorology
3.2 Other training modules
Also relevant to Surface Water training are:
Stage-discharge:
Illustrations – hydrological observations – an illustrative booklet demonstrating how to
make measurements of rainfall, water level and flow at stations, and also how to carry out an
inspection at those stations.
How to sample surface waters (Water Quality training module 13) – describing the collection
and handling of water quality samples from surface water.
Data management:
Basic statistics (Water Quality training module 47) – although designed for hydro-chemists, it
provides a useful introduction to statistical concepts.
Applied statistics (Water Quality training module 48) – again, although designed for hydro-
chemists to evaluate the precision and accuracy of results of analyses, it provides a useful
presentation of more advanced statistical procedures.
3.3 “Training of trainers” training modules
There are 11 “Training of trainers” surface water modules, primarily relevant to stage-discharge
and data management topics, which may be of interest to the more advanced user:
Topic Module Title
Data
management
HIS SW Training Specifications
Training Module for SWDES Trainers
Training Module for HYMOS Trainers
Course Introduction for HYMOS Trainers

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Stage-
discharge
Demarcation & Establishment of Discharge Sites
Understanding Stage-Discharge Relations
How to analyse Stability of Stage-Discharge relations
Estimation of discharge by Area-Slope Method
Introduction to Advanced Discharge Measurement
Investigation & Selection of Hydrological Observation Station
Processing of Stream Flow Data
The data management modules will be replaced when the e-SWIS software system becomes
active.

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4. Other documents
4.1 Additional guides
Surface Water O&M norms – maintenance guidance for stage-discharge, hydro-meteorology
and water quality instrumentation and equipment.
Surface Water Yearbook - a template for a Surface Water Yearbook published at a State level.
Entering SW historical data – a paper outlining the proposed approach to the entry of historical
surface water data.
4.2 Technical papers
Telemetry for Flood Forecasting – a paper describing a flood forecasting system in the
Brahmani and Baitarani river basins in Orissa (authors unknown).
Towards better management of urban water and wastewater – a paper describing a Delhi case
study by SP Chakrabarti, RC Trivedi, DD Basu and N Sateesh Babu.

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5. What’s new in HPII?
5.1 Technical papers on ADCPs
How to measure river discharge using an ADCP - advice on the deployment of ADCPs for
determining river discharge. Several different ADCPs from different manufacturers are in
operation in India, so the note presents a generic approach to determining a single
instantaneous measurement of discharge.
How to process and validate ADCP river discharge measurements - advice on the processing
and validation of river discharge measurements obtained using an ADCP. The note presents a
generic approach to determining a single instantaneous measurement of discharge as details
will vary with the ADCP and the software. Not all of the steps presented will be appropriate to
every ADCP, nor will be the actions that can be taken to address any problems that are
identified. Hence, this note provides general suggestions about the approach to take, not
specific instructions about what to do.
5.2 Technical papers of flow data management (found under General HIS and Data
Management)
A set of recent papers published by staff of the UK National River Flow Archive, although on flow
data management provide useful guidance on the general principles of hydrometric data
management:
The effective management of national hydrometric data: experiences from the UK – by H
Dixon, J Hannaford and MJ Fry
Managing national hydrometric data: from data to information – by H Dixon
Capitalising on river flow data to meet changing national needs: a UK perspective – by TJ
Marsh
Development of a strategic data management system for a national hydrological database: the
UK national river flow archive – by J Hannaford
Hydrological data management systems within a national river flow archive – by MJ Fry and O
Swain.
Developing best practices for infilling daily river flow data – by CL Harvey, H Dixon and J
Hannaford

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Annex I HIS Manual Surface Water authors
The following staff of the Hydrology Project contributed to the development of the HIS Manual
Surface Water:
Name Expertise Contribution to Volumes
Mr. S.D.S. Abbi Hydro-meteorology 1, 3
Mr. D.R. Archer Hydrology 4, 8
Prof. E. van Beek Water Resources Management 1
Mr. N. Bhat Institution Development 1
Mr. B.W.G. Blok Equipment and Information
Technology
1, 3, 4, 5, 9
Mr. P.M.A. Boderie Water Quality 1, 6, 7, 8
Mr. S.C. Child Hydrometry 4
Mr. H. Chowdhary HIS 1, 8, 10
Mr. Y.V. Dharma Rao Hydrometry 1, 4, 5
Dr. A.N. Khan Water Quality 6, 7
Mr. H.J.M. Ogink HIS 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8
Prof. J.J. Peters Sediment Transport 5, 8
Mr. S. Sangal Information Technology 9
Prof. Dr. R.H. Siddiqi Water Quality 1, 6, 7
Dr. R.C. Trivedi Water Quality 6, 7
Mrs. M. Villars Water Quality 6, 7, 8
The manuals were processed by the secretarial staff of the Hydrology Project, including Mrs.
Sangeeta Ghosh, Mrs. Suveera Ahluwalia and Ms. Urmila Panwar. The structure of the Surface
Water Manual was designed by Mr. H.J.M. Ogink.

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Annex II Summary of distribution of hard copy of HIS Manual Surface
Water
Volume Manual Part Training State
DSC
State
DPC
Div
DPC
Sub-Div
DPC
Station/
Lab
1 HIS Design + + + + +
Field I Job description + + + + +
II ToR for HDUG + + + +
III Data needs assessment + + + +
Reference + + +
2 Sampling
Principles
Design + + + + +
Reference + + +
3 Hydro-
meteorology
Design + + + + +
Field I Network design & site
selection
+ + + + +
II SRG operation &
maintenance
+ + + + + 1 SRG
III ARG/TBR/SRG operation &
maintenance
+ + + + + 1 ARG
IV FCS operation &
maintenance
+ + + + + 1 FCS
V Field inspections, audits,
maintenance & calibration
+ + + + +
Reference + + +
4 Hydrometry Design + + + + +
Field I Network design & site
selection
+ + + + +
II River stage observation + + + + + +
III Float measurements + + + + + +
IV Current meter gauging + + + + + +
V Field application of ADCP + + + (+) + (+)
VI Slope-are method + + + + + +
VII Field inspection & audits + + + + +
VIII Maintenance & calibration + + + + +
Reference + + +
5 Sediment
Transport
Design + + + + +
Field + + + + + +
Reference + + +
6 WQ
Sampling
Design + + + + +
Field + + + + + +
7 WQ Analysis Design + + + +
Operation + + + +
8 Data
Processing &
Analysis
Operation I Data entry & primary
validation
+ + + + +
II Secondary validation + + + +
III Final processing & analysis + + +
IV Data management + + + + +
9 Data
Transfer,
Storage &
Dissemination
Design + + +
Operation + + +
10 SW
Protocols
Operation + + + + + +
Forms + + + + + +

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