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This document discusses equine sports massage and myofascial release therapy. It describes the muscle and fascia systems of horses, explaining that fascia surrounds and connects all muscles, bones, and organs. It provides details on equine sports massage, myofascial release therapy, and trigger point therapy. The document also discusses how to listen to a horse's body for clues about its conformation, age, posture, muscle development, and areas needing treatment through observation of the head, neck, withers, back, hindquarters, and limbs. Mobile contact information and websites are provided for the equine massage therapist.
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Muscle is composed of thousands of muscle fibers which contain myofibrils and sarcomeres that arrange actin and myosin proteins. There are three types of muscle: skeletal, cardiac, and smooth. Muscles function to enable movement, storage, heat generation, and are excitable, contractile, extensible, and elastic. Contraction can be isometric, involving force without length change, or isotonic, involving shortening at constant tension. Muscle is lost through atrophy and dystrophy but maintained through exercise, which can be aerobic for endurance or anaerobic for strength.
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This document discusses three types of stretching: static stretching, which slowly lengthens muscles; dynamic stretching, which mimics sports movements through full range of motion; and PNF stretching, which combines stretching with alternating muscle contraction and relaxation. It recommends stretching before and after exercise to warm up and cool down muscles, targeting those used in the activity, and notes stretching can relieve post-exercise muscle soreness.
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l síndrome del piramidal es una entidad poco conocida, pero representa una causa significativa y tratable de dolor lumbar, que es más frecuente en la tercera y cuarta décadas de la vida y en mujeres.
Se debe a una compresión del nervio ciático debido a la contractura del piramidal, que puede producirse entre este y el reborde del agujero ciático mayor o por el atrapamiento nervioso dentro del propio músculo.
En la mayoría de los pacientes (hasta un 50%) existe un antecedente traumático o contusión directa sobre
el glúteo.
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The document discusses muscle physiology concepts including:
1) The all-or-none law which states that a muscle fiber generates full force when stimulated or none at all.
2) Muscle fatigue and oxygen debt which occur when more oxygen is used than taken in, leading to a build up of lactic acid and lower pH levels.
3) The three types of muscle contraction - isometric, concentric, and eccentric - and examples of activities for each type.
4) The roles of agonists, antagonists, synergists, and fixators in muscle movements and how they work to create or oppose actions.
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1) Two key factors that influence a muscle's ability to produce motion are fiber length and moment arm length. Longer fibers and shorter moment arms allow for greater joint excursion.
2) Muscle size, stretch, contraction velocity, fiber recruitment, and fiber type all impact a muscle's strength. Larger muscles that are stretched at higher contraction velocities with full fiber recruitment produce the greatest force.
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The document discusses the muscular system and how muscles function. It explains that muscles contract and relax to cause movement, with antagonistic muscle pairs like the biceps and triceps working together. Voluntary muscles are controlled by the brain and nervous system to allow movements like running, jumping, and walking. Maintaining a balanced diet, regular exercise, fresh air, and pure water can help keep muscles healthy.
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Skeletal muscle has three main properties that allow for movement: extensibility, elasticity, and contractility. These properties allow muscles to lengthen when contracting to produce movement, return to normal length after stretching, and contract forcibly. Warming up increases muscle temperature, elasticity, and contractility while decreasing muscle viscosity, which improves muscle function and reduces injuries. Cooling down keeps heart rate elevated to flush muscles and increases flexibility to prevent discomfort. Regular physical activity strengthens bones and muscles by increasing bone density, muscle mass, tendon thickness, flexibility, and the body's ability to generate force.
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There are two types of muscle contractions: isotonic and isometric. Isotonic contractions maintain constant tension as the muscle changes length, and include concentric contractions where muscles shorten against resistance, and eccentric contractions where muscles elongate while generating force. Isometric contractions generate force without changing muscle length. Muscle contraction occurs via the sliding filament theory, where the actin filament slides into the myosin filament in the A band region, causing sarcomeres to shorten and Z lines to move closer together. This occurs through a cross-bridge cycling process using ATP energy.
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This document discusses the characteristics and functions of skeletal muscle. It covers common muscle features like nervous control, contractibility, and elasticity. It also describes the different types of muscular contractions including isometric, isotonic, eccentric, and isokinetic. Additionally, it explains how musculoskeletal movements are possible through muscle origin and insertion points and the roles of agonist, antagonist, fixator, and synergist muscles. Finally, it discusses muscle fiber arrangement, types, gender differences, and how the muscle system responds to physical activity.
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The muscular system functions to enable movement, maintain body temperature and posture. There are three main types of muscle: skeletal muscle which is voluntary and attached to bones, smooth muscle which is involuntary and inside organs, and cardiac muscle which makes up the heart. Skeletal muscle contracts to pull bones, working with the skeletal system, and contains bundles of fibers. Exercise causes muscle soreness by building up chemicals during activity and damaging fibers, leading to growth as the muscles heal.
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The document discusses fundamentals of exercise therapy, specifically muscle energy techniques (MET). MET uses isometric or isotonic contractions to lengthen tight muscles, strengthen weak muscles, mobilize joints, and relieve tissue congestion. MET incorporates precisely directed, patient-initiated muscle contractions designed to improve function and reduce pain. The techniques work based on principles of post-isometric relaxation and reciprocal inhibition to treat musculoskeletal dysfunction in a gentle but effective manner.
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Muscle biomechanics focuses on the classification, mechanics, and properties of muscle. There are two main types of muscle - red and white. Mechanically, muscles have both a rotatory and stabilizing component depending on their angle of insertion. The maximum isometric force a muscle can generate depends on its physiological cross-sectional area and pennation angle. Key relationships include the force-time relationship, length-tension relationship, force-velocity curve, and the effect of cross-sectional area on force generation.
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Skeletal muscles make up 40% of human body mass and are responsible for movement. They contain elastic fibers of thick myosin and thin actin filaments that slide over each other during contraction. There are over 600 skeletal muscles that attach to bones via tendons and fascia and contract to produce motions like flexion, extension, and rotation. Major skeletal muscles include those in the arms, legs, back, and abdomen. Muscle diseases can cause weakness and atrophy while injuries typically result in strains, edema and limited mobility.
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This document discusses the types of muscle fibers and their characteristics. It describes three main types of muscle fibers: slow oxidative fibers, fast oxidative-glycolytic fibers, and fast glycolytic fibers. For each fiber type, it provides information on their myoglobin content, number of nuclei, filament organization, type of respiration, speed and duration of contraction, resistance to fatigue, twitch type, and general function.
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The document describes the anatomical differences between the shoulder and forelimb bones of horses, oxen, and camels. Specifically:
1) It compares features of the scapula, humerus, radius, ulna, carpals, metacarpals, and digits between the three animals, noting differences in structures like the acromion process, spine, tuber spinae, and glenoid fossa.
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The document summarizes the muscular system. It describes the three main types of muscle tissue - skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle. It explains the characteristics, functions, and locations of each type. It also describes the microscopic structure of muscle from the whole muscle down to the protein filaments. The mechanics of muscle contraction are explained using the sliding filament model. Key terms like sarcomere, myosin, actin, and cross-bridges are defined in relation to how muscles contract.
L4 Muscles1
The document summarizes the key functions and structures of the muscular system. It discusses how muscles:
1) Produce movement by contracting to enable actions like locomotion and moving bones at joints.
2) Maintain posture by resisting gravity and preventing unwanted movements using tension.
3) Are composed of bundles of muscle fibers surrounded by connective tissues like fascia.
Histology and Physiology of muscle
Histology and physiology of muscle contraction
It explains the basic structure of muscles and how muscle works for contraction.
In this, Disorders of muscles are also mentioned.
Histology and physiology of muscle.pptx
Structure of muscle: A whole skeletal muscle is considered an organ of the muscular system. A muscle uses ATP to contract and shorten, producing a force on the objects it is connected to.
A muscle consists of many muscle tissues bundled together and surrounded by Epimysium, a tough connective tissue similar to cartilage.
The epimysium surrounds bundles of nerve cells that run in long fibers, called Fascicles.
These fascicles are surrounded by their own protective layer, the Perimysium. This layer allows nerves and blood to flow to the individual fibers. Each fiber is then wrapped in an Endomysium, another protective layer.
These layers and bundles allow different parts of a muscle to contract differently.
The protective layer surrounding each bundle allows the different bundles to slide past one another as they contract.
Properties of muscle contraction:
Excitability • the ability to receive and respond to stimuli.
Conductivity • The ability to receive a stimulus and transmit a wave of excitation (electrochemical activity)
Contractility • the ability to shorten forcibly when stimulated.
Extensibility • the ability to be stretched or extended.
Elasticity • The ability to bounce back to original length
Whether it is the largest muscle in your body or the tiny muscle, every muscle functions in a similar manner.
A signal is sent from the brain along a bundle of nerves. The electronic and chemical message is passed quickly from a nerve cell to other nerve cell and finally arrives at the motor end plate/ Neuromuscular junction.
This signal causes the myosin proteins to grab onto the actin filaments around them.
Myosin uses ATP as an energy source to crawl along the green filament, actin.
Many small heads of the myosin fibers crawling along the actin filaments effectively shortens the length of each muscle cell.
The cells, which are connected end-to-end in a long fibers, contract at the same time and shorten the whole fiber.
Here are the several disease related to muscles such as
myasthenia gravis, muscular dystrophy, atrophy, etc.
Why we need to know ABOUT MUSCLES, PHYSIOTHERAPIST KNOW MUSCLES
The document discusses the functions and characteristics of muscles in the human body. It notes that muscles make up 40% of total body weight and describes some key facts about specific muscles, such as the heart being the hardest working muscle and the gluteus maximus being the largest muscle. It then outlines 11 main functions of the muscular system, including mobility, stability, posture, circulation, respiration, digestion, urination, childbirth, vision, organ protection, and temperature regulation.
Muscles
Muscles,
Faculty of Medicine,
Alexandria University,
Medical Student: Mohammed Yasir Taha Alkhammas,
Under Supervision: Professor Dr. Nancy Mohamed El Sekily
Introduction to Anatomy (Muscular System)
This document discusses muscles and the muscular system. It begins by defining muscles and describing the various classifications of muscles. The key types are skeletal muscles, which are striated and voluntary. Skeletal muscles have origins, insertions, and bellies. They act to produce movement, maintain posture and support, and generate heat. The document outlines the structure of muscles and their components. It also categorizes muscles based on shape, function, and other characteristics.
the-muscular-system-powerpoint-1227697713114530-8.pdf
The document discusses the muscular system. It describes the three main types of muscles - skeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscle - and their functions. Skeletal muscle is voluntarily controlled and attaches to bones, enabling movement. Smooth muscle is involuntary and found in internal organs. Cardiac muscle is only located in the heart. The document also provides details on muscle structure, contraction, and the roles of the nervous system.
333 Unravel The Fascial Postural Puzzle - Handout
This document discusses postural assessment and correction through understanding myofascial lines and trigger points. It provides terminology for various postural imbalances like locked long and short muscles. Assessment methods are outlined including palpation and functional movement screens. Corrective strategies incorporate stretching myofascial lines before strengthening, using low-level eccentric contractions and proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation. Specific exercises are presented with their associated stretches. Maintaining posture is emphasized both during training and daily life.
Fascia & Manual Therapy.pptx
This document discusses fascia, the connective tissue that surrounds muscles, bones, and organs throughout the body. It describes fascia's layers including superficial, deep, intermuscular, and visceral fascia. Fascial lines like the superficial front line and back line that run along the body and influence posture are also outlined. The document then discusses how injuries or imbalances can impact the fascia and presents approaches for manual therapy treatment to restore mobility, stability, strength and proper movement patterns.
1 GNM anatomy Unit _ 14 Muscular System.pptx
By: M. Thiru murugan
Unit XIV
Type, structure and functions of muscle
Origin, Insertion, and action of muscles
Muscle:
Muscle is a soft tissue and it is one of the 4 basic tissues, along with nervous tissue, epithelium, and connective tissue.
Muscles helps in movement, support and protection of internal organs.
Muscle cells or myocytes contain protein filaments called myofilaments actin & myosin that producing a contraction that changes both the length and the shape of the cell.
Types of Muscles:
There are 3 types of muscles: skeletal, cardiac & smooth muscle
Skeletal muscle or “voluntary muscle” or striated Muscles is attached to bone, helps in movement & in maintaining posture.
Smooth muscle or “involuntary muscle” or non striated muscles is found within the walls of organs and structures
Cardiac muscle is also an "involuntary muscle" found only in the heart.
Structure of Skeletal muscle:
Skeletal muscle consist plasma membrane is called sarcolemma, the cytoplasm is called sarcoplasm & specialized sarcoplasmic reticulum that play important role in regulation of Calcium.
Cells contain many nucleus peripherally
It consist of number of elongated cells called muscle fibers or muscle cell , that consist of myofibrils (elongated protein molecules).
These Muscle fibers are arranged in bundle called fasciculi
Each muscle fibers covered by endomysium, each fasciculi covered by perimysium & the whole muscle is covered by epimysium.
Neuromuscular junction (NMJ) or myoneural junction is a chemical synapse between a motor neuron and a muscle fiber.
It allows the motor neuron to transmit a signal to the muscle fiber, causing muscle contraction.
Properties of skeletal muscle:
Excitability: this refers to muscle tissue being able to react to nervous stimulation.
Extensibility: this refers to the ability of muscle tissue to lengthen when contracting
Elasticity: this refers to the ability of muscle tissue to return to its normal resting length once it has been stretched.
Contractility: this refers to the capacity of a muscle to contract or shorten forcibly when stimulated by nerves and hormones
Muscle contraction:
Muscle use the movement of actin against myosin to create contraction.
In skeletal muscle, contraction is stimulated by electrical impulses transmitted by the nerves
Cardiac and smooth muscle contractions are stimulated by internal pacemaker cells which regularly contract, and propagate contractions to other muscle cells they are in contact with.
All skeletal muscle and many smooth muscle contractions are facilitated by the neurotransmitter acetylcholine.
Types of muscle contraction:
Isotonic contractions maintain constant force or tone in the muscle as the muscle length changes
Isometric contractions changes in force without changing the length of the muscle
Muscle tone is defined as the tension in a muscle at rest.
Function of skeletal muscles
Body movement (Locomotion)
Maintenance of posture
Respiration
Constriction of organs and vess
Aaa stem muscular system power point
The muscular system is made up of over 600 muscles that are composed of connective tissue and muscle tissue. There are three main types of muscle - skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle. Skeletal muscle is attached to bones and helps with movement and organ protection. Cardiac muscle is only found in the heart and causes it to beat. Smooth muscle lines organs like the digestive tract and blood vessels to help move food and blood. Muscles work in pairs with flexors bending parts of the body and extensors straightening them. The basic unit of muscle is the sarcomere, and muscles are made of fibers, fascicles, and other connective tissues.
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- 1. Equine Better Care Equine Sports Massage and Myo fascia Release Therapy Diane Daynes MEBW 'Your Horses Muscles and Movement, What their Body can tell us !
- 2. Equine Sports Massage and Myo fascia Release Therapy
- 3. Muscle Tendon Skeletal muscle Fasicle / muscle fibre Myofibril Filament, (myosin, actin) 55% of the Horse is made up of muscle mass with over 700 skeletal muscles . Muscles produce and require the ability to create movement by either shortening or lengthening, maintain posture or stabilizing. Muscle belly
- 4. Muscles
- 5. Fascia Is continuous web of connective tissue that surrounds every muscle, muscle fibre, bone and organs. Binding and linking it together. Providing strength, support and protection, acting as a shock absorber for muscle. Assists the movement of muscles allowing them to slide against one another. Fascia is strong sheet of white glistening material you can see.
- 6. Massage and mfr Massage And MFR Therapy Equine Sports Massage What is Massage ? The manipulation of the superficial and deep layers of muscle connective tissue to improve health and well being What is Myo Fascia Release ? is a deep Muscle tissue and fascia releasing therapy. What is Trigger point Therapy Manipulation of a taut band , point located within the belly of a muscle. Called trigger as causes referred pain.
- 7. Equine Better Care Equine Sports Massage
- 8. Dressage
- 10. Eventing
- 11. Racing Racing
- 12. Listening to your Horse
- 14. Age 3 Years old 23 years old
- 16. The Head
- 19. Ear Level !
- 20. The Neck
- 22. The Withers
- 23. T5 T4TT6
- 27. The ForeLimbs
- 28. The Foot
- 29. Saddle Fitting
- 30. A View from Above. where you and the saddle will sit !
- 33. The Pelvis
- 34. A View from above
- 35. The Hind Limb
- 36. The Medial Hind Limb
- 38. The Quadriceps
- 39. We all need a hug sometimes
- 40. Equine Better Care Equine Sports Massage Mobile ; 07816830028 E.mail; DiT831@aol.com Website; www.eqbc.co.uk www.facebook.com/equinebettercare