This document discusses the anatomy and physiology of muscles. It defines myology as the study of muscles and describes the main functions of muscles as contraction to produce movement, maintenance of posture, and assisting blood circulation. It then discusses the different types of muscles based on control (voluntary vs involuntary) and fiber type (cardiac, smooth, skeletal). The majority of the document focuses on describing the structure and function of skeletal muscles in more detail.

1. Dr GAURAV SAXENA
SeniorTeaching Faculty ( Assoc Prof) &
HEAD OF DEPT. PHYSIOTHERAPY
M.L.B. PARAMEDICAL COLLEGE, JHANSI
Department of Physiotherapy
M.L.B Paramedical Training
College Jhansi

2.  Myology is a division of Anatomy which deals with the study of
Muscles and Muscular system
 Muscular system is a system which consist of all type of muscles
present in human body
 Main function of Muscle is to contract and produce movement ,
Maintenance of Posture and Helps in Blood Circulation
 Muscles provide strength, balance, posture, movement and heat
for the body to keep warm
Muscle is a band or bundle of contractile fibrous tissue in a human
or animal body that has the ability to contract, producing
movement in or maintaining the position of parts of the body.
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3. 3

4.  According to control
 Voluntary Muscles
▪ Which contracts with in voluntary control of human
▪ Ex- Skeletal muscles- Biceps ,Triceps
 Involuntary
▪ Which contract outside the voluntary control of Human
body
▪ Cardiac, Intestinal Muscles etc
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5.  According to type of fibers
 Cardiac Muscles
 Smooth Muscles
 Skeletal Muscles
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6.  Located in and Around cardiac system only (Myocardium)
 Work in all or none law principle
 Works through out life with out tiring ( Birth to death)
 Contains sarcoplasm
 Cardiac Muscle Characteristics:
 Involuntary control
 Striations
 Multinucleated
 Branched
 Speed of contraction:Variable
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8.  Present in and around vicesra
 Trachea
 Intestine
 BloodVessles
 Smooth Muscle Characteristics
▪ Involuntary control
▪ Non Striate
▪ Uninucleated
▪ Spindle-shaped
▪ Speed of Contraction: slow and sustained; does not develop
an oxygen debt
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10.  Located in and around Bones, Joints
 Provide support to Skeletal system
 Striate
 Voluntary
 Over 600 skeletal muscle in body
 40-50 % of total body weight
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13. Skeletal muscle or “voluntary muscle” is anchored by
tendons (or by aponeuroses at a few places) to bone
and is used to effect skeletal movement such as
locomotion and in maintaining posture
 They are responsible for force production and
movement of limbs and axial skeleton,
maintaining body posture
 Work under voluntary control of human
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14.  Accounts for at least 40% of body mass
 An average adult male is made up of 42% of skeletal
muscle
 An average adult female is made up of 36% of skeletal
muscles
 There are about 640 skeletal muscles in human boy
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15. 15
Tendon
Belly
Musculo –Tendon
junction

16.  Muscle Belly
 Central belly part , responsible for contrition
 Tendon
 Part which attaches a muscle to a bone
 02 in number , one proximal , one distal
 Musculo-Tendious junction
 Junction of Muscle Belly to tendon
 02 in number , one proximal , one distal

17. Musculotendionus junction
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18.  There are multiple layer present in a muscle
 Epi-mycium Outer most layer
 Peri-mycium Middle Layer
 Endo-mycium Inner most layer
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Muscle fiber

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Muscle Fascicle

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22. ▪ Skeletal muscles are sheathed
by a tough layer of connective
tissue called the epimysium
▪ The epimysium anchors
muscle tissue to tendons at
each end, where the
epimysium becomes thicker
▪ It also protects muscles from
friction against other muscles
and bones
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23.  With in epimysium are the
multiple bundles of fascicle
 Fascicle are surrounded by a
layer called perimysium
 Perimysium is a pathway for
nerves and blood vessels to
enter muscle
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24.  With in the muscle fascicle are the small bundles
(10-100) called muscle fiber or myocytes
 Outer layer of muscle fiber is endomysium
 Muscle fiber contains myofibril
 Myofibril contains the basic unit of muscle
contraction “Sarcomere”
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30. 30
Actin
Myosin

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I Band

32. AREA NAME Description
I BAND • Light zone; are where only Actin ( thin) filament is present,
• I band does note have any Myosin ( thick) filament
• hence it is also termed as Light Zone /Band
• it shorten while contraction
A BAND • Dark zone; distance from one end of myosin fiber to another end
• It contains one Myosin filament and 02 half Actin Filaments
• Actin filaments are superimposed on Myosin hence this Band is Dark
• This band do not shorten while muscle contraction
Z LINE / Z DISC • Vertical Zigzag line, marks the boundary of a sarcomere; it contains – 02Actin
filament, 01 myosin filament, A band, H Band , half I Band
• It anchors theThin ( actin) filament
H BAND / ZONE • It is present with in theA band ; an area of A band where only Myosin filament is
present , hence its little lighter then rest of A band
M- LINE • It’s the central point of the sarcomere
Because of the continuous arrangement of I band ( Light Zone) and A band ( Dark Zone) muscle
appearance is striate
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33. Relaxed State : No Muscle Contraction
Muscle Contraction
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Actin
myosin
Actin
Actin
Actin
Actin
Myosin
Actin
Actin
Actin

34.  force is Produced when actin filaments slide
past the myosin filaments, resulting in
contraction of an individual sarcomere.
 Creation of Actin Myosin Cross bridges
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36.  Contractility
 Ability to contract ( reduce length )
 Elasticity
 Ability to regain Resting length after contraction , and to
stretch beyond resting length
 Excursion
 Ability of a Skeletal muscle to lengthen
 Irritability
 Ability of a muscle to respond to a stimuli ( Pain, Heat and
Cold, etc)
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37.  Fusiform
 Spindle shape – Biceps
 Pinnate
 Oblique arrangement around a single axis - Deltoid
 Convergent
 Fan shaped-Temporalis
 Parallel
 Muscles fibers are parallel to each other – Rectus abdominus
 Circular
 Circular- Orbicularis oris
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