This newsletter summarizes the research activities of several semiconductor companies in March 2010. It describes projects on growing InAlN/GaN heterostructures on different substrates for HEMT device applications from Alcatel-Thales III-V Lab and Soitec/Picogiga. It also summarizes research from Applied Materials on the band gap and offsets of HfxSi1−xO2 films, Fujitsu on photodetection using InAs/AlAs/AlGaAs quantum dots, and several other companies' work on materials growth, device fabrication and testing. The newsletter provides brief insights into recent research across the semiconductor industry.
151 south africa cap bank-protection-baker-duly-2008wmelis
This document provides an introduction to reactive power compensation using shunt capacitor banks and discusses their application. It explains that electrical systems are inherently inductive and require capacitive reactive power to improve transmission capacity and reduce losses. Shunt capacitor banks provide this capacitive reactive power and are used to correct the power factor towards unity. The document discusses factors to consider when determining the optimal location for a shunt capacitor bank installation, such as maintaining voltage profiles and reducing losses along feeder circuits. Location options include at the supply point to improve the overall power factor or distributed at load points to offset inductance directly.
This document is a report that analyzes replacing regular transmission line conductors with superconductors. It discusses the problems with current transmission lines, such as losses due to resistance, instability, and environmental/safety issues. The report proposes using superconducting cables cooled by liquid hydrogen in underground conduits as a solution. It evaluates the feasibility and costs/benefits of implementing this system compared to alternatives. The conclusion recommends superconducting cables as they would eliminate losses and provide a more efficient, reliable and environmentally friendly grid.
This document provides an overview of fatigue properties of beta processed and beta heat-treated titanium alloys, with an emphasis on beta annealed Ti-6Al-4V Extra Low Interstitial thick plate. It reviews literature on fatigue initiation sites and mechanisms, initiation lives, and short and long fatigue crack growth behavior. Testing and analysis was conducted to generate fatigue data required for damage tolerance assessments and reassessments of aircraft structures made from this alloy.
A novel Lab-on-Tip nanomechanical platform for single molecule DNA sequencingZhuo Wang
This document describes a novel Lab-on-Tip nanomechanical platform for single molecule DNA sequencing. Key points:
- Existing DNA sequencing methods based on fluorescence, AFM, and ion current detection through nanopores still have limitations.
- The proposed method uses a cantilever with nanofluidic components integrated on the tip, including a lateral nanopore and reservoirs.
- As a single strand of DNA passes through the nanopore, the different binding forces between DNA base pairs (20pN for G-C, 10pN for A-T) will translate to lateral forces on the cantilever tip, which can be detected with high resolution.
- This approach combines advantages of existing
This document provides a summary of a 7th edition handbook on fuel cells published by the U.S. Department of Energy in 2004. The handbook contains detailed information on fuel cell technologies including polymer electrolyte fuel cells, alkaline fuel cells, phosphoric acid fuel cells, molten carbonate fuel cells, and solid oxide fuel cells. It discusses fuel cell components, performance, applications, and systems-level designs. The handbook serves as a comprehensive technical resource for understanding fuel cell technology fundamentals and the current state of development.
Kabelon cable support systems catalog includes cable trays, cable ladders, wire mesh type cable trays, earthing parts and solar power steel system structures
This document provides a comprehensive guide to load cell theory, construction, and use. It covers topics such as DC circuit theory, load cell electrical theory, load cell terms, troubleshooting, construction, types, selection, trimming, and junction boxes. The guide defines load cells as devices that output an electrical signal directly proportional to an applied force. It is intended to familiarize readers with the basic principles of load cells and their applications in electronic weighing systems.
151 south africa cap bank-protection-baker-duly-2008wmelis
This document provides an introduction to reactive power compensation using shunt capacitor banks and discusses their application. It explains that electrical systems are inherently inductive and require capacitive reactive power to improve transmission capacity and reduce losses. Shunt capacitor banks provide this capacitive reactive power and are used to correct the power factor towards unity. The document discusses factors to consider when determining the optimal location for a shunt capacitor bank installation, such as maintaining voltage profiles and reducing losses along feeder circuits. Location options include at the supply point to improve the overall power factor or distributed at load points to offset inductance directly.
This document is a report that analyzes replacing regular transmission line conductors with superconductors. It discusses the problems with current transmission lines, such as losses due to resistance, instability, and environmental/safety issues. The report proposes using superconducting cables cooled by liquid hydrogen in underground conduits as a solution. It evaluates the feasibility and costs/benefits of implementing this system compared to alternatives. The conclusion recommends superconducting cables as they would eliminate losses and provide a more efficient, reliable and environmentally friendly grid.
This document provides an overview of fatigue properties of beta processed and beta heat-treated titanium alloys, with an emphasis on beta annealed Ti-6Al-4V Extra Low Interstitial thick plate. It reviews literature on fatigue initiation sites and mechanisms, initiation lives, and short and long fatigue crack growth behavior. Testing and analysis was conducted to generate fatigue data required for damage tolerance assessments and reassessments of aircraft structures made from this alloy.
A novel Lab-on-Tip nanomechanical platform for single molecule DNA sequencingZhuo Wang
This document describes a novel Lab-on-Tip nanomechanical platform for single molecule DNA sequencing. Key points:
- Existing DNA sequencing methods based on fluorescence, AFM, and ion current detection through nanopores still have limitations.
- The proposed method uses a cantilever with nanofluidic components integrated on the tip, including a lateral nanopore and reservoirs.
- As a single strand of DNA passes through the nanopore, the different binding forces between DNA base pairs (20pN for G-C, 10pN for A-T) will translate to lateral forces on the cantilever tip, which can be detected with high resolution.
- This approach combines advantages of existing
This document provides a summary of a 7th edition handbook on fuel cells published by the U.S. Department of Energy in 2004. The handbook contains detailed information on fuel cell technologies including polymer electrolyte fuel cells, alkaline fuel cells, phosphoric acid fuel cells, molten carbonate fuel cells, and solid oxide fuel cells. It discusses fuel cell components, performance, applications, and systems-level designs. The handbook serves as a comprehensive technical resource for understanding fuel cell technology fundamentals and the current state of development.
Kabelon cable support systems catalog includes cable trays, cable ladders, wire mesh type cable trays, earthing parts and solar power steel system structures
This document provides a comprehensive guide to load cell theory, construction, and use. It covers topics such as DC circuit theory, load cell electrical theory, load cell terms, troubleshooting, construction, types, selection, trimming, and junction boxes. The guide defines load cells as devices that output an electrical signal directly proportional to an applied force. It is intended to familiarize readers with the basic principles of load cells and their applications in electronic weighing systems.
SAMPLE ABC College Data Center Assessment & RecommendationsJeff Greenwood
This document provides an assessment and recommendations for the ABC College data center located at 86 Turner Road in East Falmouth, Massachusetts. It was prepared by Jeffrey Greenwood of Greenwood PCM and submitted to ABC College on May 2, 2015. The assessment includes an analysis of the existing facility site selection, operations, power infrastructure, cooling system, and computational fluid dynamics modeling. It provides findings on deficiencies and offers recommendations to increase the data center's capacity and availability.
This document is a table of contents and introduction for a book titled "More Solutions to Sticky Problems" published by Brookfield Engineering Labs, Inc. The introduction provides an overview of the book, which aims to guide readers in exploring viscosity measurement using Brookfield equipment. It outlines practical advice, suggestions for using hardware to solve measurement problems, explanations of rheology principles, and factors that affect rheological behavior. The book consolidates specifications, formulas, and information from Brookfield viscometers and accessories. The table of contents previews the chapters and topics to be covered, such as rheology concepts, equipment options, measurement techniques, data analysis methods, and specific test procedures.
Rolling bearings and seals in electric motors andgenerators đã chuyển đổivinh chu
This document discusses rolling bearings used in electric motors and generators. It covers key design requirements for bearings in electric machines including operating conditions, required uptime, maintenance needs, and manufacturing methods. It also discusses selecting the proper bearing type, lubricant, and lubrication method to optimize service life. Common bearing types for electric machines like ball, roller, and hybrid bearings are described along with examples of how to calculate bearing loads.
This technical specification provides guidelines for the design, installation, testing and maintenance of main earthing systems in substations. It covers the function and features of earthing systems, safety criteria to protect against electric shock, design considerations such as soil resistivity and fault currents, installation of conductors and electrodes, testing of the system, and maintenance. The document aims to help engineers properly earth metalwork at substations to ensure safety and reliability of supply.
This report is NanoMarkets’ latest report analyzing the CIGS industry and its prospects for the future. NanoMarkets has been covering the CIGS space since CIGS’ earliest days and this report should be regarded as a major guide to the future of CIGS, compiled with an insider’s knowledge. It examines the future of this important solar panel technology from both the standpoint of the technical and the commercial. And it does so with a background in which it seems likely that many of the subsidies that have helped solar in the past will fade away and that the world economy will not return to the strong growth of the last decade for quite some time.
Bunting Magnetics Co. is a leading manufacturer of magnetic separation and metal detection equipment. They have over 50 years of experience developing precision magnetic products for industries such as food, recycling, and pharmaceuticals. The document provides information on Bunting's metal detection equipment and magnetic separation systems, which help customers safely and efficiently remove metal contamination from their products and processes.
This document is a catalogue for ball screw jacks produced by SERVOMECH. It includes an index listing topics such as descriptions of ball screw jacks, manufacturing features, materials, models, design details, operating conditions, and life. Sections 2-4 provide specifications, dimensions, and ordering information for various screw jack series, including the MA BS, SJ BS and HS Series. The document also contains general information on installation, maintenance, lubrication, nameplates, and selection forms.
Level switch magnetic reed switch and float by the composition of the reed switch encapsulated in the guide rod , fitted with a ring magnet in the float when the float moves up and down with the measured liquid level , its internal magnet to attract magnetic reed switch contact action , thereby detecting the level position as a level control or direction
Original IC Mosfet Driver IXDN602SIATR IXDN602SIA 602 SOP-8 New IXYS CorporationAUTHELECTRONIC
Original IC Mosfet Driver IXDN602SIATR IXDN602SIA 602 SOP-8 New IXYS Corporation
https://authelectronic.com/original-ic-mosfet-driver-ixdn602siatr-ixdn602sia-602-sop-8-new-ixys-corporation
This document appears to be a dissertation investigating the aerospace industry, specifically focusing on the aero-engine sector and its electronic advancements. The dissertation includes chapters on literature review, hypotheses, methodology, analysis, discussion, conclusion and references. The analysis chapter will examine market trends in civil and military aerospace and the aero-engine industry. It will also analyze the business environment using models like PEST, Porter's Diamond and Five Forces, and examine Rolls-Royce's internal environment and the benefits of its investment in electronic data systems. The dissertation aims to provide a detailed understanding of an aero-engine manufacturer's internal and external environments.
Electrical power supply and distributionSouvik Dutta
This document is a technical manual that provides guidance on electrical power supply and distribution systems for the Army and Air Force. It covers topics such as voltage selection, main electric supply stations/substations, aerial and underground distribution lines. The manual establishes standards and procedures for designing, evaluating, and selecting electrical power systems to ensure reliable and efficient power delivery to military installations.
This document summarizes the rules for certifying equipment and machinery used on mobile offshore drilling units. It covers:
1. General requirements for certifying marine systems, propulsion systems, and drilling equipment. Certification involves design review, survey of equipment, and prototype testing.
2. Specific sections on certifying materials for hull structure, outfitting, foundation structures, helideck structure, and watertight doors.
3. Certifying prime movers like engines, turbines, and generators. This includes surveys and testing of fuel systems, insulation, overcurrent protection, and governors.
4. Certifying propulsion and maneuvering systems, boilers, pressure vessels, piping systems, electrical
This 510(k) submission from Medstrong Inc. provides information on their Viceroy Aneurysm Clip and Marquis Aneurysm Clip Applier. The devices are intended for occlusion of cerebral aneurysms, temporarily or permanently. Supporting data includes descriptions of the devices, their indications for use, comparison to the predicate Yasargil Aneurysm Clips and Appliers, and summaries of bench, animal, and clinical testing performed. The submission contains documentation of biocompatibility testing, sterilization validation, and other required information to demonstrate substantial equivalence to the predicate device.
The growth in power generation results in new load flow patterns that may be difficult to accommodate
especially in mature networks such as those in Europe and North America where
the growth comes especially from renewable power sources. This requires transmission system
reinforcements in the AC (Alternating Current) systems and often the traditional approach
might be to build UHVAC (Ultra High Voltage Alternating Current) lines on top of the existing
transmission systems. However, the experience of the last decades indicates that the permitting
process for such a solution could be very time consuming. In some cases it may even
be impossible to get permission to build any new overhead lines.
Up till now HVDC (High Voltage Direct Current) has been used primarily for point to point
transmission with two terminals although a few three terminal systems have been built. Multiterminal
HVDC transmission systems with a few terminals can be realized today for both Line
Commutated Converter (LCC) HVDC transmission and Voltage Source Converter HVDC
(VSC) transmission.
In Legnaro three laboratories are reserved for cavity treatments and analysis:the chemical lab, the sputtering lab and the cryogenic lab.
The chemical lab has the facilities for the surface treatment of single cell cavities as well as TESLA 3-cell structures. It is possible to treat two cavities (one of copper and one of niobium) at the same time. In fact, under the extractor fan, there are two completed circuits, one dedicated to the electropolishing and the chemical polishing of niobium cavities and the other one for copper cavities.
At the superconductivity lab in Legnaro it’s possible to measure a 1,5 GHz mono-cell cavity in four days: High Pressure Water Rinsing, pump down, cooling, measure at 4,2K and measure at 1,8K. During the rf test, the cavity has to be cooled at cryogenic temperatures in order to reach the superconducting state. In the rf testing facility there are four
apertures which can host a cryostat. Three of them are used to test QWRs and single cell TESLA type cavity. This kind of cryostat can hold 100 liters of helium. The last one is for the multi-cells TESLA type cavity with a volume of 400 liters of helium. This cryostat has been designed for operating at 4.2K and 1.8K with a maximum power of 70
W. In order to reduce the cooling cost, a preliminary cooling is achieved by using the liquid nitrogen of the second chamber. Once the temperature reaches 80Kthe transfer of liquid He at 4.2K into the main vessel is started.Then the temperature of liquid helium can be lowered decreasing the chamber pressure. The cavity is tested at 4.2K and then at 1.8K, it is mounted on a vertical stand and it is connected to a pumping line. Remote systems monitor its temperature, its pressure and the transmission of the radiofrequency.
All the procedures for cavity preparation need qualified and expert operators that know every sequence of operations. This report is the starting point to train new peoples and the reference point for the staff working on NbCu cavities.
This document provides standards for electrical bonding on NASA launch vehicles, spacecraft, payloads, and flight equipment. It establishes requirements for power current return paths, shock and fault protection, electromagnetic interference protection, lightning protection, and electrostatic discharge protection. The document defines bonding classes and provides detailed requirements for bonding methods, surface cleaning and finishing, protection against galvanic corrosion, and special considerations for items like tubing, hoses, and multilayer insulation.
Bunting Magnetics Co. is a family-owned manufacturer of magnetic technology products that has served global markets for over 50 years. It produces a broad range of magnetic materials and components, magnetic separation systems, material handling equipment, metal detection equipment, magnetic cylinders, and flexible dies for industries including printing, automotive, plastics, food, electronics, pharmaceutical, and recycling. Bunting offers reliable, high-quality solutions to help manufacturing facilities run more efficiently and protect their reputations.
This document provides an overview of high availability solutions in SQL Server 2012, including AlwaysOn Failover Cluster Instances and AlwaysOn Availability Groups. It introduces Windows Server Failover Clustering (WSFC) and how SQL Server leverages it to provide high availability through redundancy at the server-instance level with Failover Cluster Instances and the database level with Availability Groups. It recommends AlwaysOn solutions for protecting SQL Server data and discusses SQL Server's relationship with and use of WSFC capabilities like health monitoring and failover coordination.
The document presents 3 alternative credit policies for evaluating changes to credit terms, collections, and sales amounts. Policy 1 maintains a 3% discount rate with a 30.5 day sales outstanding. Policy 2 offers a 3% discount rate with a 33 day sales outstanding but increases sales to $17M. Policy 3 lowers the discount rate to 2% with a 27 day sales outstanding and $14M in sales. Each policy calculates bad debt loss, carrying costs of receivables, and projected income statement compared to the current policy.
SAMPLE ABC College Data Center Assessment & RecommendationsJeff Greenwood
This document provides an assessment and recommendations for the ABC College data center located at 86 Turner Road in East Falmouth, Massachusetts. It was prepared by Jeffrey Greenwood of Greenwood PCM and submitted to ABC College on May 2, 2015. The assessment includes an analysis of the existing facility site selection, operations, power infrastructure, cooling system, and computational fluid dynamics modeling. It provides findings on deficiencies and offers recommendations to increase the data center's capacity and availability.
This document is a table of contents and introduction for a book titled "More Solutions to Sticky Problems" published by Brookfield Engineering Labs, Inc. The introduction provides an overview of the book, which aims to guide readers in exploring viscosity measurement using Brookfield equipment. It outlines practical advice, suggestions for using hardware to solve measurement problems, explanations of rheology principles, and factors that affect rheological behavior. The book consolidates specifications, formulas, and information from Brookfield viscometers and accessories. The table of contents previews the chapters and topics to be covered, such as rheology concepts, equipment options, measurement techniques, data analysis methods, and specific test procedures.
Rolling bearings and seals in electric motors andgenerators đã chuyển đổivinh chu
This document discusses rolling bearings used in electric motors and generators. It covers key design requirements for bearings in electric machines including operating conditions, required uptime, maintenance needs, and manufacturing methods. It also discusses selecting the proper bearing type, lubricant, and lubrication method to optimize service life. Common bearing types for electric machines like ball, roller, and hybrid bearings are described along with examples of how to calculate bearing loads.
This technical specification provides guidelines for the design, installation, testing and maintenance of main earthing systems in substations. It covers the function and features of earthing systems, safety criteria to protect against electric shock, design considerations such as soil resistivity and fault currents, installation of conductors and electrodes, testing of the system, and maintenance. The document aims to help engineers properly earth metalwork at substations to ensure safety and reliability of supply.
This report is NanoMarkets’ latest report analyzing the CIGS industry and its prospects for the future. NanoMarkets has been covering the CIGS space since CIGS’ earliest days and this report should be regarded as a major guide to the future of CIGS, compiled with an insider’s knowledge. It examines the future of this important solar panel technology from both the standpoint of the technical and the commercial. And it does so with a background in which it seems likely that many of the subsidies that have helped solar in the past will fade away and that the world economy will not return to the strong growth of the last decade for quite some time.
Bunting Magnetics Co. is a leading manufacturer of magnetic separation and metal detection equipment. They have over 50 years of experience developing precision magnetic products for industries such as food, recycling, and pharmaceuticals. The document provides information on Bunting's metal detection equipment and magnetic separation systems, which help customers safely and efficiently remove metal contamination from their products and processes.
This document is a catalogue for ball screw jacks produced by SERVOMECH. It includes an index listing topics such as descriptions of ball screw jacks, manufacturing features, materials, models, design details, operating conditions, and life. Sections 2-4 provide specifications, dimensions, and ordering information for various screw jack series, including the MA BS, SJ BS and HS Series. The document also contains general information on installation, maintenance, lubrication, nameplates, and selection forms.
Level switch magnetic reed switch and float by the composition of the reed switch encapsulated in the guide rod , fitted with a ring magnet in the float when the float moves up and down with the measured liquid level , its internal magnet to attract magnetic reed switch contact action , thereby detecting the level position as a level control or direction
Original IC Mosfet Driver IXDN602SIATR IXDN602SIA 602 SOP-8 New IXYS CorporationAUTHELECTRONIC
Original IC Mosfet Driver IXDN602SIATR IXDN602SIA 602 SOP-8 New IXYS Corporation
https://authelectronic.com/original-ic-mosfet-driver-ixdn602siatr-ixdn602sia-602-sop-8-new-ixys-corporation
This document appears to be a dissertation investigating the aerospace industry, specifically focusing on the aero-engine sector and its electronic advancements. The dissertation includes chapters on literature review, hypotheses, methodology, analysis, discussion, conclusion and references. The analysis chapter will examine market trends in civil and military aerospace and the aero-engine industry. It will also analyze the business environment using models like PEST, Porter's Diamond and Five Forces, and examine Rolls-Royce's internal environment and the benefits of its investment in electronic data systems. The dissertation aims to provide a detailed understanding of an aero-engine manufacturer's internal and external environments.
Electrical power supply and distributionSouvik Dutta
This document is a technical manual that provides guidance on electrical power supply and distribution systems for the Army and Air Force. It covers topics such as voltage selection, main electric supply stations/substations, aerial and underground distribution lines. The manual establishes standards and procedures for designing, evaluating, and selecting electrical power systems to ensure reliable and efficient power delivery to military installations.
This document summarizes the rules for certifying equipment and machinery used on mobile offshore drilling units. It covers:
1. General requirements for certifying marine systems, propulsion systems, and drilling equipment. Certification involves design review, survey of equipment, and prototype testing.
2. Specific sections on certifying materials for hull structure, outfitting, foundation structures, helideck structure, and watertight doors.
3. Certifying prime movers like engines, turbines, and generators. This includes surveys and testing of fuel systems, insulation, overcurrent protection, and governors.
4. Certifying propulsion and maneuvering systems, boilers, pressure vessels, piping systems, electrical
This 510(k) submission from Medstrong Inc. provides information on their Viceroy Aneurysm Clip and Marquis Aneurysm Clip Applier. The devices are intended for occlusion of cerebral aneurysms, temporarily or permanently. Supporting data includes descriptions of the devices, their indications for use, comparison to the predicate Yasargil Aneurysm Clips and Appliers, and summaries of bench, animal, and clinical testing performed. The submission contains documentation of biocompatibility testing, sterilization validation, and other required information to demonstrate substantial equivalence to the predicate device.
The growth in power generation results in new load flow patterns that may be difficult to accommodate
especially in mature networks such as those in Europe and North America where
the growth comes especially from renewable power sources. This requires transmission system
reinforcements in the AC (Alternating Current) systems and often the traditional approach
might be to build UHVAC (Ultra High Voltage Alternating Current) lines on top of the existing
transmission systems. However, the experience of the last decades indicates that the permitting
process for such a solution could be very time consuming. In some cases it may even
be impossible to get permission to build any new overhead lines.
Up till now HVDC (High Voltage Direct Current) has been used primarily for point to point
transmission with two terminals although a few three terminal systems have been built. Multiterminal
HVDC transmission systems with a few terminals can be realized today for both Line
Commutated Converter (LCC) HVDC transmission and Voltage Source Converter HVDC
(VSC) transmission.
In Legnaro three laboratories are reserved for cavity treatments and analysis:the chemical lab, the sputtering lab and the cryogenic lab.
The chemical lab has the facilities for the surface treatment of single cell cavities as well as TESLA 3-cell structures. It is possible to treat two cavities (one of copper and one of niobium) at the same time. In fact, under the extractor fan, there are two completed circuits, one dedicated to the electropolishing and the chemical polishing of niobium cavities and the other one for copper cavities.
At the superconductivity lab in Legnaro it’s possible to measure a 1,5 GHz mono-cell cavity in four days: High Pressure Water Rinsing, pump down, cooling, measure at 4,2K and measure at 1,8K. During the rf test, the cavity has to be cooled at cryogenic temperatures in order to reach the superconducting state. In the rf testing facility there are four
apertures which can host a cryostat. Three of them are used to test QWRs and single cell TESLA type cavity. This kind of cryostat can hold 100 liters of helium. The last one is for the multi-cells TESLA type cavity with a volume of 400 liters of helium. This cryostat has been designed for operating at 4.2K and 1.8K with a maximum power of 70
W. In order to reduce the cooling cost, a preliminary cooling is achieved by using the liquid nitrogen of the second chamber. Once the temperature reaches 80Kthe transfer of liquid He at 4.2K into the main vessel is started.Then the temperature of liquid helium can be lowered decreasing the chamber pressure. The cavity is tested at 4.2K and then at 1.8K, it is mounted on a vertical stand and it is connected to a pumping line. Remote systems monitor its temperature, its pressure and the transmission of the radiofrequency.
All the procedures for cavity preparation need qualified and expert operators that know every sequence of operations. This report is the starting point to train new peoples and the reference point for the staff working on NbCu cavities.
This document provides standards for electrical bonding on NASA launch vehicles, spacecraft, payloads, and flight equipment. It establishes requirements for power current return paths, shock and fault protection, electromagnetic interference protection, lightning protection, and electrostatic discharge protection. The document defines bonding classes and provides detailed requirements for bonding methods, surface cleaning and finishing, protection against galvanic corrosion, and special considerations for items like tubing, hoses, and multilayer insulation.
Bunting Magnetics Co. is a family-owned manufacturer of magnetic technology products that has served global markets for over 50 years. It produces a broad range of magnetic materials and components, magnetic separation systems, material handling equipment, metal detection equipment, magnetic cylinders, and flexible dies for industries including printing, automotive, plastics, food, electronics, pharmaceutical, and recycling. Bunting offers reliable, high-quality solutions to help manufacturing facilities run more efficiently and protect their reputations.
This document provides an overview of high availability solutions in SQL Server 2012, including AlwaysOn Failover Cluster Instances and AlwaysOn Availability Groups. It introduces Windows Server Failover Clustering (WSFC) and how SQL Server leverages it to provide high availability through redundancy at the server-instance level with Failover Cluster Instances and the database level with Availability Groups. It recommends AlwaysOn solutions for protecting SQL Server data and discusses SQL Server's relationship with and use of WSFC capabilities like health monitoring and failover coordination.
The document presents 3 alternative credit policies for evaluating changes to credit terms, collections, and sales amounts. Policy 1 maintains a 3% discount rate with a 30.5 day sales outstanding. Policy 2 offers a 3% discount rate with a 33 day sales outstanding but increases sales to $17M. Policy 3 lowers the discount rate to 2% with a 27 day sales outstanding and $14M in sales. Each policy calculates bad debt loss, carrying costs of receivables, and projected income statement compared to the current policy.
El documento presenta el alfabeto español con las letras mayúsculas y minúsculas, comenzando con A y terminando con Z. Explica la pronunciación fonética de cada letra.
Prezentacija rezultata TDR poslovanja u 2013. godini na tržištu SrbijeTDR d.o.o Rovinj
Prezentacija poslovanja TDR-a na tržištu Srbije u 2013. godinu. TDR, vodeći proizvođač cigareta u jugoistočnoj Europi, u prošloj je godini u Srbiji prodao 1,3 milijarde komada cigareta i ostvario rast tržišnog udjela, koji je u 2013. godini iznosio 8,7 posto.
This document outlines the key learning objectives of a module on evidence-based reading instruction. Learners will be able to identify the four reading components of alphabetics, vocabulary, fluency, and comprehension. They will also be able to describe promising practices supported by research and understand why evidence-based reading is prioritized in Illinois.
This document appears to be listing the names of town squares in the Italian town of Campobello di Licata. It contains only place names without additional context. In 3 words or less, the document lists Italian town square names.
The document summarizes a trip to Suzhou OdysseyThree Hill Island in the middle of a lake. A group took a speedboat to the uninhabited island, enjoying the natural scenery of trees, birds, and a peacock. They explored the island, seeing old structures like a large bell and doing a challenge race. The narrator got separated from the group but was reunited, feeling embarrassed. They departed on the boat, with the narrator reflecting happily on the adventure without disliking any part of the trip.
AeroGear is a set of libraries that simplify and unify mobile development across platforms through modules that handle common tasks like authentication, storage, and communication. It has a pluggable and configurable architecture and aims to cut down on repetitive infrastructure work. AeroGear provides libraries for authentication, storage, communication, and plans to add encryption, offline support, and data sync in future versions.
Homophones are words that sound the same but have different spellings and meanings. The document provides examples of homophone pairs such as band/banned and board/bored. It also includes homophones used in sample sentences to demonstrate their different meanings depending on spelling. Resources on homophones and a homophone generator are cited at the end.
This document is the confidential property of NORTEL MATRA CELLULAR and provides engineering guidelines for dimensioning the Abis interface between BTS and BSC in a GSM network. It includes guidelines for dimensioning signaling links, transmission channels, and redundancy requirements. The document has undergone several revisions to incorporate comments and modifications.
This document is a research paper about using a Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) to transfer data between a CANbed microcontroller and an STM32 Nucleo board. The author is working on a water/methanol injection controller project for a MINI Cooper that requires retrieving vehicle data from the CAN bus and processing it using an STM32. SPI is proposed to transfer this CAN bus data between the boards due to its high speed and reliability compared to alternative interfaces like UART and I2C. The paper provides background on SPI, describes the CANbed and STM32 boards, and analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of different interface protocols before concluding SPI is suitable for this application.
This document provides an overview of atomic absorption spectrophotometry. It discusses the basic concepts of atomic structure and the processes of atomic excitation and decay that underlie atomic spectroscopy techniques. Atomic absorption spectrophotometry works by measuring the absorption of light by ground state atoms of the element of interest. When light of the correct resonant wavelength interacts with the atoms, it causes excitation from the ground state to an excited state. The amount of light absorbed can then be used for quantitative analysis of the concentration of that element in a sample. The document outlines the basic components and instrumentation of atomic absorption systems and describes various techniques for improving sensitivity and controlling interferences.
AAS-GTA-reading-material.pdf material readingAbeerRagab2
This document provides an overview of atomic absorption spectrophotometry. It discusses the basic concepts of atomic structure and the processes of atomic excitation and decay that underlie atomic spectroscopy techniques. Atomic absorption spectrophotometry works by measuring the absorption of light by ground state atoms of the element of interest. When light of the correct resonant wavelength interacts with the atoms, it causes excitation from the ground state to an excited state. The amount of light absorbed can then be used for quantitative analysis of the concentration of that element in a sample. The document outlines the basic components and instrumentation of atomic absorption systems and describes various techniques for improving sensitivity and controlling interferences.
This document provides an overview and implementation guide for Juniper's Loop-Free Alternate feature, which provides sub-50ms convergence for OSPF and IS-IS networks. It describes the problem of slow convergence in IGP networks and introduces LFA as a solution. The document outlines the operational theory and implementation of LFA, including configuration steps and verification procedures. It also includes examples and details on how LFA provides backup coverage and fast rerouting in the event of link failures.
This document is a bachelor thesis examining organic solar cells based on the polymer P3HT. Four different device architectures are manufactured via spin coating to realize ITO-free organic solar cells on glass and PET substrates. Characterization techniques including UV/Vis spectroscopy, current-voltage measurements, AFM, and SEM are used to analyze the devices. An artificial CD structure is transferred into a PEDOT:PSS layer on PET using embossing and measured to have a depth of 8±1 nm by AFM. ITO-free solar cells on glass achieve efficiencies of 1.75% compared to 2.75% for devices with ITO, while manufacturing on PET substrates presents problems that must be addressed.
This document describes a project to design a real time clock using a microcontroller. It includes:
- Interfacing an RTC chip and LCD with an 8051 microcontroller to display the current time and date.
- Interfacing a temperature sensor with the microcontroller using an ADC to measure temperature.
- Details about the 8051 microcontroller, RTC chip, LCD, temperature sensor, and ADC used.
- Block diagram of the system and description of how the components are interconnected.
This white paper discusses Seamless MPLS, an architecture that uses MPLS in access networks for benefits like scalability and flexibility. Key aspects include using MPLS Transport Pseudowires to connect network components across regions, with a control plane that scales through hierarchical BGP routing. The goal is a unified MPLS network from core to edge to simplify service delivery.
T Series Core Router Architecture Review (Whitepaper)Juniper Networks
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1. KnowMade
Newsletter
Research Activities of
Semiconductor Companies
March 2010
2. Information
This monthly newsletter
brings to you an insight into
the research activities of
CONTENTS
semiconductor companies.
Free subscription here Alcatel-Thales III-V Lab & Soitec/Picogiga .................................................................................... 3
LP MOCVD growth of InAlN/GaN HEMT heterostructure: comparison of
Custom newsletter sapphire, bulk SiC and composite SiCopSiC substrates for HEMT device
KnowMade can design a applications............................................................................................................................ 3
custom newsletter according Applied Materials .................................................................................................................................... 3
to your own needs: patents,
scientific activities, calls for Effect of composition and chemical bonding on the band gap and band
projects, events, etc. offsets to Si of HfxSi1−xO2 (N) films ............................................................................. 3
Fujitsu .......................................................................................................................................................... 4
contact@knowmade.fr Photodetection around 10 μm wavelength using s-p transitions in
InAs/AlAs/AlGaAs self-assembled quantum dots .................................................... 4
IBM ................................................................................................................................................................ 4
KNOWMADE High-k/Metal-Gate Fully Depleted SOI CMOS With Single-Silicide Schottky
Source/Drain With Sub-30-nm Gate Length............................................................... 4
KnowMade is a competitive Intel .............................................................................................................................................................. 4
intelligence private company Fast All-Transparent Integrated Circuits Based on Indium Gallium Zinc Oxide
providing technology watch Thin-Film Transistors ........................................................................................................ 4
services for R&D projects in IQE ................................................................................................................................................................. 5
innovative sectors:
-semiconductor materials Molecular beam epitaxial growth and properties of GaAs pseudomorphic
-micro & nanotechnology high electron mobility transistors on silicon composite substrates ................ 5
-biotechnology Kyma ............................................................................................................................................................ 5
-pharmacology Inclined dislocation-pair relaxation mechanism in homoepitaxial green
-environment GaInN/GaN light-emitting diodes ................................................................................... 5
etc. Carrier velocity in InAlN/AlN/GaN heterostructure field effect transis tors on
Fe-doped bulk GaN substrates ........................................................................................ 5
Our mission is to provide you
high added value informations Lumilog ....................................................................................................................................................... 6
in order to improve your Electrical behaviour of lateral Al/n-GaN/Al structures ........................................ 6
innovation process. A Ph.D NEC ................................................................................................................................................................ 6
team, specializing in your Charged and neutral biexciton–exciton cascade in a single quantum dot
domain, identifies, collects and within a photonic bandgap ............................................................................................... 6
analyzes in the best sources
Nitronex ...................................................................................................................................................... 6
(patents databases, scientific
publications, legislation, web, AlGaN/GaN lateral field-effect rectifier with intrinsic forward current
etc.) the most relevant limiting capability ............................................................................................................... 6
informations for your projects. NTT ............................................................................................................................................................... 7
All-silicon sub-Gb/s telecom detector with low dark current and high
KnowMade covers a wide quantum efficiency on chip .............................................................................................. 7
range of technology watch
Panasonic ................................................................................................................................................... 7
services: newsletter, web-
based collaborative platform, Reliability evaluation for Blu-Ray laser diodes ....................................................... 7
technology analysis, state of QinetiQ ........................................................................................................................................................ 7
the art, patent classification, Strong dependence of spin dynamics on the orientation of an external
scientific portfolio analysis, magnetic field for InSb and InAs .................................................................................... 7
identification of experts, Samsung ...................................................................................................................................................... 8
competitors and partners,
technology trends, etc. High Electrical Performance of Wet-Processed Indium Zinc Oxide Thin-Film
Transistors ............................................................................................................................. 8
www.knowmade.fr Thermoelectric heating of Ge2Sb2Te5 in phase change memory devices ...... 8
Toyota .......................................................................................................................................................... 8
Defect formation and phase stability of Cu2ZnSnS4 photovoltaic material .. 8
United Microelectronics Corp. (UMC) .............................................................................................. 9
Electrical characteristics of nMOSFETs fabricated on hybrid orientation
substrate with amorphization/templated recrystallization method ............... 9
March 2010 | http://www.knowmade.fr 2|P a g e
3. ALCATEL-THALES III-V LAB & SOITEC/PICOGIGA
LP MOCVD growth of InAlN/GaN HEMT heterostructure: comparison of sapphire, bulk SiC
and composite SiCopSiC substrates for HEMT device applications
Abstract : In this paper we report on low-pressure metalorganic vapour deposition of InAlN/GaN heterostructures
grown on different substrates (Sapphire, bulk SiC, composite SiCopSiC) for HEMT applications, and on first device
performances obtained with these heterostructures. Optimisation of the crystal growth on each kind of substrate has
led to InAlN/GaN HEMT heterostructures grown on bulk SiC and on composite SiCopSiC substrates which are
successfully compared, in terms of material quality, to the standard GaAlN/GaN HEMT heterostructures grown on bulk
SiC substrates. First devices based on InAlN/GaN heterostructures grown on bulk SiC exhibit very good microwave
performances, with output power of 10.3 W/mm at 10 GHz, similar to those obtained with GaAlN/GaN
heterostructures, confirming the promising potential of InAlN material.
Read more …
Source : Physica Status Solidi c
Back to contents
APPLIED MATERIALS
Effect of composition and chemical bonding on the band gap and band offsets to Si o f
HfxSi1−xO2 (N) films
Abstract : The energy band gap, alignment with Si and the chemical bonding of 3–4 nm thick HfxSi1−xO2 films with 0 ≤ x
≤ 1 were investigated as a function of composition. Nitrogen was introduced by N plasma incorporation into Hf xSi1−xO2
films with x = 0.3, 0.5, and 0.7 grown on a SiO2/Si stack by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition. The structure of
the dielectric films was characterized by high resolution transmission electron microscopy. X-ray photoelectron
spectroscopy was used to determine the band gap, as well as the energy band alignment with Si and the chemical
structure of the films. The amount of Si in the films and the incorporated N were found to influence the band gap and
the band alignment with Si. The band gap was found to gradually decrease with the increase in Hf content, from a value
of 8.9 eV (for pure SiO2) to a value of 5.3 eV (for pure HfO2). These changes were accompanied by a reduction of the
valance band offset relative to the Si substrate, from a value of 4.8 eV (for pure SiO2) to a value of 1.5 eV (for pure HfO2).
In addition, we have found that the presence of Hf–N bonds increases the conduction band offset from a value of 2.7 eV,
which was obtained when only Hf–O bonds are present, to a value of 3.1 eV. The changes in the band structure and
band alignment of Hf-silicate films are explained based on the chemical structure of the nitrided Hf-silicate films.
Read more …
Source : Journal of Applied Physics
Back to contents
March 2010 | http://www.knowmade.fr 3|P a g e
4. FUJITSU
Photodetection around 10 μm wavelength using s-p transitions in InAs/AlAs/AlGaAs self-
assembled quantum dots
Abstract : We propose a quantum dot infrared photodetector (QDIP) having distinct sensitivity to mutually orthogonal
in-plane polarized infrared radiation, and applicable to practical infrared (IR) imaging applications. Our QDIP has either
an InAs/AlAs/AlGaAs or an AlAs/InAs/AlAs/AlGaAs structure in which extra-thin AlAs layers were introduced
underneath the AlGaAs buffer layer to strongly confine the carriers and also to enhance the dot density before the
Stranski–Krastanov mode growth of InAs quantum dots was carried out. At 80 K, the detector has high sensitivity to in-
plane orthogonally polarized infrared light, and photocurrent responsivity peaks of up to 230 mA/W associated with
distinct mutually orthogonal polar lights which were observed at a wavelength of around 10.0 μm.
Read more …
Source : Journal of Applied Physics
Back to contents
IBM
High-k/Metal-Gate Fully Depleted SOI CMOS With Single-Silicide Schottky Source/Drain
With Sub-30-nm Gate Length
Abstract : Schottky source/drain (S/D) MOSFETs hold the promise for low series resistance and extremely abrupt
junctions, providing a path for device scaling in conjunction with a low Schottky barrier height (SBH). A S/D junction
SBH approaching zero is also needed to achieve a competitive current drive. In this letter, we demonstrate a CMOS
process flow that accomplishes a reduction of the S/D SBH for nFET and pFET simultaneously using implants into a
common NiPt silicide, followed by a low-temperature anneal (500°C–600°C). These devices have high-k/metal gate and
fully depleted extremely thin SOI with sub-30-nm gate length.
Read more …
Source : Electron Device Letters
Back to contents
INTEL
Fast All-Transparent Integrated Circuits Based on Indium Gallium Zinc Oxide Thin -Film
Transistors
Abstract : We describe the fabrication and characterization of visible transparent small-scale indium gallium zinc oxide
(IGZO) integrated circuits. The IGZO channel and indium tin oxide (ITO) contacts and interconnects were pulsed laser
deposited at room temperature. Low-temperature (200°C) atomic-layer-deposited Al2O3 was used as the gate dielectric
in bottom-gated thin-film transistors with field-effect mobility near 15 cm²/Vs. Logic inverters and ring oscillators
were fabricated and characterized, with operations at frequencies as high as 2.1 MHz, corresponding to a propagation
delay of less than 48 ns/stage with a supply voltage of 25 V. To the best of our knowledge, these are the fastest all-
transparent oxide semiconductor circuits reported to date.
Read more …
Source : Electron Device Letters
Back to contents
March 2010 | http://www.knowmade.fr 4|P a g e
5. IQE
Molecular beam epitaxial growth and properties of GaAs pseudomorphic high ele ctron
mobility transistors on silicon composite substrates
Abstract : GaAs pseudomorphic high electron mobility transistor (PHEMT) structures were grown by molecular beam
epitaxy on germanium substrates and composite silicon template wafers incorporating silicon and germanium
transferred layers. Windows were etched down to the buried germanium layer and subsequent blanket material growth
resulted in single crystal growth in the windows and polycrystalline growth on the top SiO2 surface. Wire growth was
eliminated at the window edges and on the top SiO2 surface. Secondary ion mass spectrometry measurements and
transmission electron micrographs of GaAs grown on germanium indicated an abrupt GaAs–Ge interface with little
penetration of antiphase boundaries or other defects into the GaAs layer. For PHEMT material grown on silicon
template wafers, a surface roughness of 8 Å was measured by atomic force microscopy. The room temperature
photoluminescence intensity of the InGaAs channel in the PHEMT structure was equivalent to that grown on GaAs
substrates. Measured PHEMT mobilities and sheet densities were comparable to those obtained on GaAs substrates.
Transistors were fabricated with 0.25 µm gates. The maximum dc current density, 520 mA/mm, and transconductance,
360 mS/mm, were very similar to devices fabricated on GaAs substrates.
Read more …
Source : Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology B
Back to contents
KYMA
Inclined dislocation-pair relaxation mechanism in homoepitaxial green GaInN/GaN light -
emitting diodes
Abstract : The creation of symmetrical pairs of inclined dislocations was observed in the GaInN/GaN quantum wells
(QWs) of c-axis grown green light-emitting diodes (LEDs) on low-defect density bulk GaN substrate, but not in green
LEDs on sapphire substrate with high threading dislocation (TD) density. Pairs of dislocations start within 20 nm of the
same QW and incline 18°–23° toward two opposite ⟨1-100⟩ directions or in a 120° pattern. We propose that in the
absence of TDs, partial strain relaxation of the QWs drives the defect formation by removal of lattice points between the
two dislocation cores. In spite of those inclined dislocation pairs, the light output power of such green LEDs on GaN is
about 25% higher than in LEDs of similar wavelength on sapphire.
Read more …
Source : Physical Review B
Back to contents
Carrier velocity in InAlN/AlN/GaN heterostructure field effect transistors on Fe -doped bulk
GaN substrates
Abstract : We report microwave characteristics of field effect transistors employing InAlN/AlN/GaN heterostructures
grown on low-defect-density bulk Fe-doped GaN substrates. We achieved unity current gain cutoff frequencies of 14.3
and 23.7 GHz for devices with gate lengths of 1 and 0.65 μm, respectively. Measurements as a function of applied bias
allow us to estimate the average carrier velocity in the channel to be ∼ 1.0×107 cm/sec for a 1 μm device. Additionally,
we found nearly no gate lag in the devices, which is considered a precondition for good performance under large signal
operation.
Read more …
Source : Applied Physics Letters
Back to contents
March 2010 | http://www.knowmade.fr 5|P a g e
6. LUMILOG
Electrical behaviour of lateral Al/n-GaN/Al structures
Abstract : The electrical behaviour of lateral Al/n-GaN/Al structures have been studied by current-voltage
measurements between a large pad with an area of 22 mm2 and small contacts with different areas in the range of 0.01-
1 mm2. The results indicated that near room temperature the current was limited by the GaN layer exhibiting linear I-V
characteristics for large contacts around 1 mm2, while it was contact limited for small contacts around 0.1 mm2 and
below. This indicates that the same metal contact can behave as ohmic or rectifying depending on the contact area and
so on the ratio of contact resistance to the series resistance of the structure. Near liquid nitrogen temperature, the
current through the lateral Al/n-GaN/Al structures was limited by space charges. The Al/n-GaN contacts exhibited a
very low Schottky barrier height below or around 0.2 eV. A new possible mechanism responsible for the temperature
dependence of the ideality factor is proposed.
Read more …
Source : Applied Surface Science
Back to contents
NEC
Charged and neutral biexciton–exciton cascade in a single quantum dot within a photonic
bandgap
Abstract : We investigate the recombination dynamics of positively charged and neutral biexcitons and excitons in a
single InAs/GaAs quantum dot (QD) within a two-dimensional (2D) photonic bandgap (PBG). The 2D PBG makes the
exciton lifetime four times longer and enhances photon-extraction efficiency compared to those without the PBG.
Photon cross-correlation measurements demonstrate the cascade emissions of both charged and neutral biexcitons–
excitons from the same QD. In the charged case, a hole in the p-shell relaxes into the s-shell between the cascade, and
the corresponding transition is confirmed based on the spin configuration. The long exciton lifetime with the PBG helps
us to reveal the spin dynamics that did not clearly appear in intrinsic QDs.
Read more …
Source : Physica E: Low-dimensional Systems and Nanostructures
Back to contents
NITRONEX
AlGaN/GaN lateral field-effect rectifier with intrinsic forward current limiting capability
Abstract : An AlGaN/GaN lateral field-effect rectifier with intrinsic ON-state current limiting capability is demonstrated
by adding a Schottky contact metal (length of LD) beyond the ohmic contact region at the cathode electrode. The onset of
the current limiting function is self-activated when the voltage drop across the two-dimensional gas (2DEG) channel
under the Schottky contact reaches the pinch-off voltage of the as-grown AlGaN/GaN heterojunction. With LD=2 µm and
a drift region length of 7 µm, the proposed lateral rectifier exhibited an ON-state current that was self-limited at
1.56 kA/cm2, while achieving a reverse breakdown voltage of 347 V at a 1mA/mm leakage current.
Read more …
Source : Electronics Letters
Back to contents
March 2010 | http://www.knowmade.fr 6|P a g e
7. NTT
All-silicon sub-Gb/s telecom detector with low dark current and high quantum efficiency on
chip
Abstract : We demonstrate channel selective 0.1-Gb/s photoreceiver operation at telecom wavelength using a silicon
high-Q photonic crystal nanocavity with a laterally integrated p-i-n diode. Due to the good crystal property of silicon the
measured dark current is only 15 pA. The linear and nonlinear characteristics are investigated in detail, in which we
found that the photocurrent is enhanced of more than 105 due to the ultrahigh-Q (Q ≃ 105). With the help of two-photon
absorption, which is visible at a surprisingly low input power of 10 −8 W, the quantum efficiency of this device reaches
∼ 10%.
Read more …
Source : Applied Physics Letters
Back to contents
PANASONIC
Reliability evaluation for Blu-Ray laser diodes
Abstract : With this paper we describe an extensive analysis of the reliability of InGaN-based laser diodes, emitting at
405 nm. These devices have excellent characteristics for application in the next-generation optical data storage
systems. The analysis aims at describing the degradation process, as well as at investigating the role of current in
determining the degradation rate. The results obtained within this paper suggest that the degradation of the laser
diodes is correlated to the increase in the non-radiative recombination rate, with subsequent worsening of the optical
properties of the devices. Furthermore, our findings support the hypothesis that current is the main driving force for
degradation, while temperature and optical power play only a limited role in determining the degradation kinetics.
Read more …
Source : Microelectronics Reliability
Back to contents
QINETIQ
Strong dependence of spin dynamics on the orientation of an external magnetic field for
InSb and InAs
Abstract : Electron spin relaxation times have been measured in InSb and InAs epilayers in a moderate (<4T) external
magnetic field. A strong and opposite field dependence of the spin lifetime was observed for longitudinal (Faraday) and
transverse (Voigt) configuration. In the Faraday configuration the spin lifetime increases because the D’yakonov–Perel’
dephasing process is suppressed. At the high field limit the Elliot–Yafet spin flip relaxation process dominates, enabling
its direct determination. Conversely, as predicted theoretically for narrow band gap semiconductors, an additional
efficient spin dephasing mechanism dominates in the Voigt configuration significantly decreasing the electron spin
lifetime with increasing field.
Read more …
Source : Applied Physics Letters
Back to contents
March 2010 | http://www.knowmade.fr 7|P a g e
8. SAMSUNG
High Electrical Performance of Wet-Processed Indium Zinc Oxide Thin-Film Transistors
Abstract : We developed thin-film transistors (TFTs) that use solution-processed amorphous indium zinc oxide for the
channels in an all-photolithographic process. The transistors, which operate in depletion mode, have excellent transfer
characteristics, including saturation mobility of 6.57 cm²/Vs, threshold voltages of -0.30 V, turn-on voltages of -1.50 V,
on/off ratios of 10^9, and inverse subthreshold slopes of 0.15 V/dec. We measured the time, temperature, gate voltage,
and drain-voltage dependence of the threshold voltage shift, which was 2.16 V under stress conditions. This is nearly
the same as that of conventional amorphous silicon TFTs.
Read more …
Source : Electron Device Letters
Back to contents
Thermoelectric heating of Ge2Sb2Te5 in phase change memory devices
Abstract : We report on the demonstration of the active thermoelectric application to nanometer-scaled semiconductor
devices. The thermoelectric heating already exists during programming in conventional phase change memory (PRAM)
cells, which is only a minor supplement to Joule heating. Here, by rigorously designing devices, we have demonstrated
an unprecedentedly high efficiency of PRAM, where the majority of the heat is supplied by the thermoelectric effect.
Read more …
Source : Applied Physics Letters
Back to contents
TOYOTA
Defect formation and phase stability of Cu2ZnSnS4 photovoltaic material
Abstract : First-principles studies of the phase stability of and defect formation in Cu 2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) are performed. We
show that CZTS is the thermodynamically stable phase for a rather small confined domain of chemical potentials. Even
slight deviations from the optimal growth conditions will therefore result in the formation of other sulfidic precipitates,
including ZnS, Cu2SnS3, SnS, SnS2, and CuS. In particular, under the prevalent experimental Cu-poor and Zn-rich growth
conditions ZnS is the main competing phase. Furthermore, the calculations unambiguously predict that Cu at the Zn site
is the most stable defect in the entire stability range of CZTS. This correlates with the experimental observation that
CZTS is an intrinsic p-type semiconductor.
Read more …
Source : Physical Review B
Back to contents
March 2010 | http://www.knowmade.fr 8|P a g e
9. UNITED MICROELECTRONICS CORP. (UMC)
Electrical characteristics of nMOSFETs fabricated on hybri d orientation substrate with
amorphization/templated recrystallization method
Abstract : The use of hybrid orientation technology (HOT) with direct silicon bond (DSB) wafers consisting of a (1 1 0)
crystal orientation layer bonded to a bulk (1 0 0) handle wafer provides promising opportunities for easier migration of
bulk CMOS designs to higher performance materials. However, the material quality of nMOSFETs regions, which has
been undergone amorphization/templated recrystallization (ATR) process for transforming the Si surface into (1 0 0)
orientation, is still a concern because the ATR-induced defects (i.e., dislocation loops or threads) at the recrystallization
layer, could degrade gate oxide integrity. In this paper, we report an investigation of charge pumping and low-
frequency (1/f) noise in HOT nMOSFETs. Devices with the increased anneal time brought out a significant reduction in
the charge pumping current and 1/f noise, which indicates ATR-induced defects were suppressed and consequently the
“low-trap-density” of the Si/SiO2 interface. Finally, for the first time, the behavior of 1/f noise for HOT nMOSFETs was
investigated, and could be described by a unified model, i.e. a combination of carrier-number fluctuations and mobility
fluctuations.
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Source : Microelectronics Reliability
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