There are two main types of rain gauges - non-recording and recording. Non-recording gauges simply measure the total rainfall over a time period, such as the commonly used Symon's rain gauge with a funnel and receiving vessel. Recording gauges provide an automatic record of rainfall, allowing measurement of intensity. Three types of recording gauges are the weighing bucket type, which measures weight changes on a chart; the tipping bucket type, which tips to record 0.25mm of rain; and the floating type, which uses a float and syphon to record water levels on a chart. Recording gauges provide more detailed data but have higher costs and can experience mechanical or electrical faults.
Topic1 >Illustration of various types of rain-gauges.,,2> Advantaged and dis...faizanNoor8
in this presentation you will know about following head line point.
1>Illustration of various types of rain-gauges.
2>Advantaged and disadvantages of various types of gauges.
Topic1 >Illustration of various types of rain-gauges.,,2> Advantaged and dis...faizanNoor8
in this presentation you will know about following head line point.
1>Illustration of various types of rain-gauges.
2>Advantaged and disadvantages of various types of gauges.
Introduction to Hydrology, Stream GaugingAmol Inamdar
Introduction to Hydrology, Types of Rain gauges, Factors affecting evaporation and infiltration, Stream gauging, Mass curve, Hyetograph, DAD Curve, Horton's Method, Infiltrometers, fi-index, W-index, Methods of measurement of Discharge of Stream, Area-Velocity Method, Moving Boat Method, Salt concentration method, ADCP, Current meter, River staging
WATER PRESENT AT OUR EARTH IN THE FORM OF CONDENSATION ,LIQUID AND PROVIDE RAINFALL INTENSITIES AFTER VARIABLE PERIODS OF TIME CAN BE ANALYSED BY VARIOUS METHODS ,GIVEN AND SHOWN IN THIS PPT
The term precipitation is also used to refer all forms of falling moisture viz., rainfall, snowfall, sleet, hail etc. Rainfall occurs in the form of a pattern. Atmospheric Precipitation is a wonderful process for the whole globe to use. This module explains it in general.
6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024)ClaraZara1
6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024) will provide an excellent international forum for sharing knowledge and results in theory, methodology and applications of on Machine Learning & Applications.
Introduction to Hydrology, Stream GaugingAmol Inamdar
Introduction to Hydrology, Types of Rain gauges, Factors affecting evaporation and infiltration, Stream gauging, Mass curve, Hyetograph, DAD Curve, Horton's Method, Infiltrometers, fi-index, W-index, Methods of measurement of Discharge of Stream, Area-Velocity Method, Moving Boat Method, Salt concentration method, ADCP, Current meter, River staging
WATER PRESENT AT OUR EARTH IN THE FORM OF CONDENSATION ,LIQUID AND PROVIDE RAINFALL INTENSITIES AFTER VARIABLE PERIODS OF TIME CAN BE ANALYSED BY VARIOUS METHODS ,GIVEN AND SHOWN IN THIS PPT
The term precipitation is also used to refer all forms of falling moisture viz., rainfall, snowfall, sleet, hail etc. Rainfall occurs in the form of a pattern. Atmospheric Precipitation is a wonderful process for the whole globe to use. This module explains it in general.
6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024)ClaraZara1
6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024) will provide an excellent international forum for sharing knowledge and results in theory, methodology and applications of on Machine Learning & Applications.
We have compiled the most important slides from each speaker's presentation. This year’s compilation, available for free, captures the key insights and contributions shared during the DfMAy 2024 conference.
Water billing management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project entitled “Water Billing Management System” aims is to generate Water bill with all the charges and penalty. Manual system that is employed is extremely laborious and quite inadequate. It only makes the process more difficult and hard.
The aim of our project is to develop a system that is meant to partially computerize the work performed in the Water Board like generating monthly Water bill, record of consuming unit of water, store record of the customer and previous unpaid record.
We used HTML/PHP as front end and MYSQL as back end for developing our project. HTML is primarily a visual design environment. We can create a android application by designing the form and that make up the user interface. Adding android application code to the form and the objects such as buttons and text boxes on them and adding any required support code in additional modular.
MySQL is free open source database that facilitates the effective management of the databases by connecting them to the software. It is a stable ,reliable and the powerful solution with the advanced features and advantages which are as follows: Data Security.MySQL is free open source database that facilitates the effective management of the databases by connecting them to the software.
NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER IN CONDENSING HEAT EXCHANGERS...ssuser7dcef0
Power plants release a large amount of water vapor into the
atmosphere through the stack. The flue gas can be a potential
source for obtaining much needed cooling water for a power
plant. If a power plant could recover and reuse a portion of this
moisture, it could reduce its total cooling water intake
requirement. One of the most practical way to recover water
from flue gas is to use a condensing heat exchanger. The power
plant could also recover latent heat due to condensation as well
as sensible heat due to lowering the flue gas exit temperature.
Additionally, harmful acids released from the stack can be
reduced in a condensing heat exchanger by acid condensation. reduced in a condensing heat exchanger by acid condensation.
Condensation of vapors in flue gas is a complicated
phenomenon since heat and mass transfer of water vapor and
various acids simultaneously occur in the presence of noncondensable
gases such as nitrogen and oxygen. Design of a
condenser depends on the knowledge and understanding of the
heat and mass transfer processes. A computer program for
numerical simulations of water (H2O) and sulfuric acid (H2SO4)
condensation in a flue gas condensing heat exchanger was
developed using MATLAB. Governing equations based on
mass and energy balances for the system were derived to
predict variables such as flue gas exit temperature, cooling
water outlet temperature, mole fraction and condensation rates
of water and sulfuric acid vapors. The equations were solved
using an iterative solution technique with calculations of heat
and mass transfer coefficients and physical properties.
KuberTENes Birthday Bash Guadalajara - K8sGPT first impressionsVictor Morales
K8sGPT is a tool that analyzes and diagnoses Kubernetes clusters. This presentation was used to share the requirements and dependencies to deploy K8sGPT in a local environment.
HEAP SORT ILLUSTRATED WITH HEAPIFY, BUILD HEAP FOR DYNAMIC ARRAYS.
Heap sort is a comparison-based sorting technique based on Binary Heap data structure. It is similar to the selection sort where we first find the minimum element and place the minimum element at the beginning. Repeat the same process for the remaining elements.
Understanding Inductive Bias in Machine LearningSUTEJAS
This presentation explores the concept of inductive bias in machine learning. It explains how algorithms come with built-in assumptions and preferences that guide the learning process. You'll learn about the different types of inductive bias and how they can impact the performance and generalizability of machine learning models.
The presentation also covers the positive and negative aspects of inductive bias, along with strategies for mitigating potential drawbacks. We'll explore examples of how bias manifests in algorithms like neural networks and decision trees.
By understanding inductive bias, you can gain valuable insights into how machine learning models work and make informed decisions when building and deploying them.
2. RAIN GAUGE
A rain gauge is an artifact used in
meteorological stations to help
measure and collect precipitations
that fall in a certain place.
Precipitations are all hydrometeor
falling to the earth from the
atmosphere, including rain, drizzle,
hail, snow and sleet, fog etc.
There are two types of rain gauges,
non-recording type and recording
type.
2
3. NON-RECORDING TYPE RAIN-GAUGE:
3
It gives only total rainfall occurred during particular
time period.
most commonly used type is Symon’s rain-gauge.
4. SYMON‘S RAIN GAUGE
4
It gives the total rainfall that
has occurred at a particular
period.
It essentially consists of a
circular collecting area 127
mm in diameter connected to
a funnel.
The funnel discharges the
rainfall into a receiving vessel.
The funnel and the receiving
vessel are housed in a
metallic container.
5. RECORDING TYPE RAIN GAUGES
5
These are rain gauges which can give a permanent,
automatic rainfall record in the form of a pen mounted
on a clock driven chart.
From the chart intensity or rate of rainfall in cm per
hour or 6 hrs, 12 hrs and total amount of rainfall can
be obtained.
There are three types of recording rain gauges
Weighing bucket type
Tipping bucket type
Floating or natural syphon type rain gauge
6. ADVANTAGES OF RECORDING RAIN GAUGES
6
Necessity of an attendant does not arise
Intensity of rainfall at anytime as well as total rainfall is
obtained,
Data from in accessible places can be continuously
obtained once gauge is
established.
Human errors are eliminated.
Capacity of gauges is large.
Time intervals are also recorded.
7. DISADVANTAGES OF RECORDING RAIN GAUGES
7
High initial investment cost.
Recording is not reliable when faults in gauge arise
(mechanical or electrical) till faults are corrected.
8. WEIGHING BUCKET TYPE RAIN GAUGE
8
It is most common self-recording rain gauge.
It consists of a receiver bucket supported by a spring or
lever balance or some other weighing mechanism.
The movement of bucket due to its increasing weight is
transmitted to a pen which traces record or some
marking on a clock driven chart.
The instrument gives a plot of the accumulated rainfall
values against the elapsed time and the curve so
formed is called the mass curve.
10. TIPPING BUCKET TYPE RAIN GAUGE
10
It is a 30cm sized circular rain gauge adopted for use by
US weather bureau.
It has 30cm diameter sharp edged receiver and at the
end of the receiver is provided a funnel.
Pair of buckets are pivoted under this funnel in such a
manner that when one bucket receives 0.25mm of
precipitation it tips discharging its rainfall into the
container, bringing the other bucket under the funnel.
11. tipping of bucket completes an electric circuit
causing the movement of pen to mark on clock
driven receiving drum which carries a recorded
sheet.
These electric pulses generated are recorded at the
control room far away from the rain gauge station.
This instrument is further suited for digitalizing the
output signal.
11
13. FLOATING OR NATURAL SYPHON TYPE RAIN
GAUGE
13
The working of this type of rain gauge is similar to
weighing bucket rain gauge.
A funnel receives the water which is collected in a
rectangular container.
A float is provided at the bottom of container, and
this float raises as the water level rises in the
container.
Its movement being recorded by a pen moving on a
recording drum actuated by a clock work.
14. When water rises, syphon releases the water
outwards through the connecting pipe, thus all
water in box is drained out.
This rain gauge is adopted as the standard
recording rain gauge in India.
curve drawn using this data is known as mass
curve of rain fall.
14