This white paper describes RADVISION's error resiliency solution for maintaining high quality video experiences over unmanaged networks. The solution uses Scalable Video Coding (SVC) to send a single encoded video stream supporting multiple resolutions and quality levels. It also uses Unequal Error Protection (UEP) to apply different levels of protection to different stream layers. By combining SVC, UEP, packet retransmission, and Video Fast Update, RADVISION's solution can maintain excellent video quality even with high packet loss rates over 40%, outperforming existing single-layer coding solutions. The error resiliency techniques are integrated across RADVISION's product lines including desktop, infrastructure, and SDK solutions.
Assuring media payload integrity
across today's multiprotocol networks is a significant problem for companies whose revenue stream relies on the quality of user experience. Delivering broadcast-quality media globally is becoming daunting and less manageable due to the proliferation of mixed network protocols, yet this B/OSS solution proactively manages reliability to enable a service-oriented architecture.
Developing Safety-Critical Java Applications with oSCJ Aleš Plšek
We present oSCJ, an implementation of the draft of Safety Critical Java (SCJ) specification. SCJ is designed to make Java amenable to writing mission- and safety-critical soft- ware. It does this by defining a subset of the Real-time Specification for Java that trades expressiveness for verifia- bility. This paper gives a high-level description of our im- plementation of the first compliance level of the SCJ speci- fication, a library called oSCJ, and reports on performance evaluation on the Ovm real-time Java virtual machine. We compare SCJ to C on both a real-time operating system on the LEON3 platform and Linux on a x86. Our results suggest that a high-degree of predictability and competitive performance can indeed be achieved.
Assuring media payload integrity
across today's multiprotocol networks is a significant problem for companies whose revenue stream relies on the quality of user experience. Delivering broadcast-quality media globally is becoming daunting and less manageable due to the proliferation of mixed network protocols, yet this B/OSS solution proactively manages reliability to enable a service-oriented architecture.
Developing Safety-Critical Java Applications with oSCJ Aleš Plšek
We present oSCJ, an implementation of the draft of Safety Critical Java (SCJ) specification. SCJ is designed to make Java amenable to writing mission- and safety-critical soft- ware. It does this by defining a subset of the Real-time Specification for Java that trades expressiveness for verifia- bility. This paper gives a high-level description of our im- plementation of the first compliance level of the SCJ speci- fication, a library called oSCJ, and reports on performance evaluation on the Ovm real-time Java virtual machine. We compare SCJ to C on both a real-time operating system on the LEON3 platform and Linux on a x86. Our results suggest that a high-degree of predictability and competitive performance can indeed be achieved.
In this paper, an investigation of the effects of group of pictures on H.264 multiview video coding content over an error prone environment with varying packet loss rates is presented. We analyse the bitrate performance for different GOP and error rates to see the effects on the
quality of the reconstructed multiview video. However, by analysing the multiview video content
it is possible to identify an optimum GOP size depending on the type of application used. A comparison is demonstrated for the performances between widely known H.264 data partitioning error resilience technique and multi-layer data partitioning technique with different error rates and GOP in terms of their perceived quality. Our simulation results turned out that Multi-layer data partitioning technique shows a better performance at higher error rates with different GOP. Further experiments in this work have shown the effects of GOP in terms of visual quality and bitrate for different multiview video sequences.
Optimal Streaming Protocol for VoD Using Clients' Residual BandwidthIDES Editor
A true VoD system has tremendous demand in the
market. The existing VoD system does not cater the needs
and demands of the market. The major problem in the VoD
system is serving of clients with expected QoS is difficult. In
this paper, we proposed a protocol and algorithm that
chains the proxy servers and subscribed clients. Our
objective is to send one server stream and this stream should
be served to N asynchronous clients. The server bandwidth
is scarcity and on the client uplink bandwidth is
underutilized. In this protocol, we are using client’s residual
bandwidth such that the load on the server bandwidth is
reduced. We have proved that optimal utilization of the
buffer and bandwidth for the entire VoD system and also
less rejection ratio of the clients.
Advanced communication services for androidRADVISION Ltd.
Amir Zmora's presentation at the Android Blast off! during Computex 2011, Taipei.
It revolved around a story about an imaginary dating company and their head of R&D that receives a list of requirements from their Marketing manager Beth, the requirements are:
1. Needs to work on any device
2. Good quality, we are a dating service after all J
3. Embedded in our dating app
4. People can connect from anywhere
5. A girl can invite her friend to peek in and rate the guy
6. Connect to our partners’ services
7. I want this working for our high season, this summer
Service providers are starting deployment of VoLTE and adding RCS as part of the Joyn initiative. As service providers are looking for new sources of revenue and ways to compete with OTT service providers they are starting to provide RCS based UC services to enterprises and SMBs.
The presentation reviews VoLTE and RCS technology and market, drivers for service providers to offer such services to enterprises and RADVISION's offering for building such services with emphasis on clients for mobile, tablet and desktop.
In this paper, an investigation of the effects of group of pictures on H.264 multiview video coding content over an error prone environment with varying packet loss rates is presented. We analyse the bitrate performance for different GOP and error rates to see the effects on the
quality of the reconstructed multiview video. However, by analysing the multiview video content
it is possible to identify an optimum GOP size depending on the type of application used. A comparison is demonstrated for the performances between widely known H.264 data partitioning error resilience technique and multi-layer data partitioning technique with different error rates and GOP in terms of their perceived quality. Our simulation results turned out that Multi-layer data partitioning technique shows a better performance at higher error rates with different GOP. Further experiments in this work have shown the effects of GOP in terms of visual quality and bitrate for different multiview video sequences.
Optimal Streaming Protocol for VoD Using Clients' Residual BandwidthIDES Editor
A true VoD system has tremendous demand in the
market. The existing VoD system does not cater the needs
and demands of the market. The major problem in the VoD
system is serving of clients with expected QoS is difficult. In
this paper, we proposed a protocol and algorithm that
chains the proxy servers and subscribed clients. Our
objective is to send one server stream and this stream should
be served to N asynchronous clients. The server bandwidth
is scarcity and on the client uplink bandwidth is
underutilized. In this protocol, we are using client’s residual
bandwidth such that the load on the server bandwidth is
reduced. We have proved that optimal utilization of the
buffer and bandwidth for the entire VoD system and also
less rejection ratio of the clients.
Advanced communication services for androidRADVISION Ltd.
Amir Zmora's presentation at the Android Blast off! during Computex 2011, Taipei.
It revolved around a story about an imaginary dating company and their head of R&D that receives a list of requirements from their Marketing manager Beth, the requirements are:
1. Needs to work on any device
2. Good quality, we are a dating service after all J
3. Embedded in our dating app
4. People can connect from anywhere
5. A girl can invite her friend to peek in and rate the guy
6. Connect to our partners’ services
7. I want this working for our high season, this summer
Service providers are starting deployment of VoLTE and adding RCS as part of the Joyn initiative. As service providers are looking for new sources of revenue and ways to compete with OTT service providers they are starting to provide RCS based UC services to enterprises and SMBs.
The presentation reviews VoLTE and RCS technology and market, drivers for service providers to offer such services to enterprises and RADVISION's offering for building such services with emphasis on clients for mobile, tablet and desktop.
Entrepreneurs build their businesses, their competitive advantage, and their long-term defensibility around a core of intellectual property. For some entrepreneurs, that will mean a patent portfolio. For many others, however, it will mean a sticky web of trademarks, trade dress rights, copyright, know-how, trade secrets, contractual exclusivity, and non-disclosure agreements. Our experts will help entrepreneurs untangle common and critical intellectual property issues to help them with business planning and with explaining the investment proposition and risks to investors.
In 2014, the Federal Authority for Government HR's annual forum was focused on developing organisational capability and performance. The event gathered strategic leaders and top HR professionals from government, public and private sector organisation from across the GCC to explore approaches to driving human capital excellence.
The 4th annual FAHR International Forum in 2014 addressed the following topics:
► Nationalisation and the Retention Challenge – Debating Strategies to Retain National Talent
► The New Talent Realities for the GCC – What Expo 2020 Means for Talent
► Employee Engagement – Moving Beyond Satisfaction Measurement to Strategic Alignment
► Linking Human Capital Management to Business Performance
► Developing Leadership Pipelines In the GCC For Sustainable Growth
► Creating an Effective Performance Management Culture
► The Tip Of The Iceberg: Identifying and Developing High-Potential Talent For Business Growth
► Succession Planning in the Public Sector – Managing Internal Pools of Talent
► Employee Wellness: Can It Be the Secret To Improving Performance and Preventing Absenteeism?
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
An inherent problem with any communication system is that information may be altered or lost during transmission, due to channel noise.
This presentation aims to assess multiple error resilient techniques in video transmission.
-----------
Presentation as a part of seminar coursework.
FLEXIBLE FEC AND FAIR SELECTION OF SCALABLE UNITS FOR HIGH QUALITY VOD STREAM...IJMIT JOURNAL
Providing high quality video on demand (VoD) streaming service over wireless networks is very
challenging due to the limited capacity and error-proneness of the wireless environment. We propose a
flexible forward error correction (FEC) and a fair selection scheme of scalable units that utilize a layered
coding structure of H.264/SVC (scalable video coding). Three error-resilient techniques (e.g., unequal
error protection, FEC, and retransmission) are adapted to minimize the total distortion of VoD streaming
service. For flexible FEC, a rateless FEC code is adopted. The FEC code rates are based on the possible
number of retransmission, the condition of the wireless channel and the layered coding structure of
H.264/SVC for each packet. A theoretical study is performed to show how to utilize the possible number of
retransmission for an adaptive FEC code rate. With fair selection, regular and retransmission-requested
packets compete for resources without fixing the retry limit. Thus, excessive retransmission is prevented and
the proposed scheme effectively provides capacity-limited and delay-constrained VoD streaming services.
For this fair selection of scalable units, we formulate the problem using binary integer programming and
propose an effective low complexity selection algorithm based on a priority index. The proposed algorithm
prioritizes packets according to the priority index and the H.264/SVC structure. We show that the proposed
scheme can minimize the total video distortion compared to other heuristic procedures. Other effects of the
various factors are also considered for the performance of the new scheme
Flexible fec and fair selection of scalable units for high quality vod stream...IJMIT JOURNAL
Providing high quality video on demand (VoD) streaming service over wireless networks is very challenging due to the limited capacity and error-proneness of the wireless environment. We propose a flexible forward error correction (FEC) and a fair selection scheme of scalable units that utilize a layered
coding structure of H.264/SVC (scalable video coding). Three error-resilient techniques (e.g., unequal
error protection, FEC, and retransmission) are adapted to minimize the total distortion of VoD streaming
service. For flexible FEC, a rateless FEC code is adopted. The FEC code rates are based on the possible
number of retransmission, the condition of the wireless channel and the layered coding structure of H.264/SVC for each packet. A theoretical study is performed to show how to utilize the possible number of retransmission for an adaptive FEC code rate. With fair selection, regular and retransmission-requested
packets compete for resources without fixing the retry limit. Thus, excessive retransmission is prevented and
the proposed scheme effectively provides capacity-limited and delay-constrained VoD streaming services.
For this fair selection of scalable units, we formulate the problem using binary integer programming and
propose an effective low complexity selection algorithm based on a priority index. The proposed algorithm
prioritizes packets according to the priority index and the H.264/SVC structure. We show that the proposed
scheme can minimize the total video distortion compared to other heuristic procedures. Other effects of the
various factors are also considered for the performance of the new scheme.
Digital watermarking is used for data authentication and copyright protection of digital media files.
Original host files required to recover the watermark operation in non-blind watermark system, which increases
system resources overhead. It also doubles memory capacity and communication band-width. This system uses a
robust video multiple watermarking technique which is based on image interlacing. In this system, a watermark
embedding/extracting is done by using three-level discrete wavelet transform (DWT), Arnold transform is used as
a watermark encryption/ decryption method, and gray image, color image, and video are used as watermarks.
Geometric, noising, format compression, and image processing attacks are used to test this system.
Keywords — Digital watermarking, Image interlacing, Arnold transform, Three level DWT, Authentication,
Security.
Novel Approach for Evaluating Video Transmission using Combined Scalable Vide...IJECEIAES
One of the main problems in video transmission is the bandwidth fluctuation in wireless channel. Therefore, there is an urgent need to find an efficient bandwidth utilization and method. This research utilizes the Combined Scalable Video Coding (CSVC) which comes from Joint Scalable Video Model (JSVM). In the combined scalable video coding, we implement Coarse Grain Scalability (CGS) and Medium Grain Scalability (MGS). We propose a new scheme in which it can be implemented on Network Simulator II (NS-2) over wireless broadband network. The advantages of this new scheme over the other schemes are more realistic and based on open source program. The result shows that CSVC implementation on MGS mode outperforms CGS mode.
For further details contact:
N.RAJASEKARAN B.E M.S 9841091117,9840103301.
IMPULSE TECHNOLOGIES,
Old No 251, New No 304,
2nd Floor,
Arcot road ,
Vadapalani ,
Chennai-26.
www.impulse.net.in
Email: ieeeprojects@yahoo.com/ imbpulse@gmail.com
For further details contact:
N.RAJASEKARAN B.E M.S 9841091117,9840103301.
IMPULSE TECHNOLOGIES,
Old No 251, New No 304,
2nd Floor,
Arcot road ,
Vadapalani ,
Chennai-26.
www.impulse.net.in
Email: ieeeprojects@yahoo.com/ imbpulse@gmail.com
Revamping quality of service of video streaming over wireless laneSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Analyzing Video Streaming Quality by Using Various Error Correction Methods o...IJERA Editor
Transmission video over ad hoc networks has become one of the most important and interesting subjects of study for researchers and programmers because of the strong relationship between video applications and frequent users of various mobile devices, such as laptops, PDAs, and mobile phones in all aspects of life. However, many challenges, such as packet loss, congestion (i.e., impairments at the network layer), multipath fading (i.e., impairments at the physical layer) [1], and link failure, exist in transferring video over ad hoc networks; these challenges negatively affect the quality of the perceived video [2].This study has investigated video transfer over ad hoc networks. The main challenges of transferring video over ad hoc networks as well as types of errors that may occur during video transmission, various types of video mechanisms, error correction methods, and different Quality of Service (QoS) parameters that affect the quality of the received video are also investigated.
IEEE 2014 DOTNET DATA MINING PROJECTS A robust multiple watermarking techniqu...IEEEMEMTECHSTUDENTPROJECTS
To Get any Project for CSE, IT ECE, EEE Contact Me @ 09666155510, 09849539085 or mail us - ieeefinalsemprojects@gmail.com-Visit Our Website: www.finalyearprojects.org
Radvision SCOPIA Desktop sales presentation by Face to Face Live
Radvision High Quality Experience Over Unmanaged Networks By Face to Face Live
1. Face to Face Live
480.348.3400 info@f2fl.com
www.facetofacelive.com
A Radvision / Avaya Expert Partner
2. White Paper
Maintaining A High Quality
Experience Over
Un managed Networks
Quality of Service and Quality of Experience –
Scalable Video Coding (SVC) – Unequal Error Protection
(UEP) - RADVISION’s Error Resiliency Solution
3. White Paper
White Paper
This paper is intended to describe the error resiliency and packet loss robustness features
available in RADVISION’s products.
These features include:
RADVISION’s SVC-based solution
Unequal Error Protection (UEP) tools
Packet Retransmission and VFU
The above mentioned features are available on the following products:
SCOPIA Desktop V7.0
SCOPIA Elite
SCOPIA BEEHD
SCOPIA VC-240
Contents
Quality of Service and Quality of Experience .......................................... 3
Scalable Video Coding (SVC) .............................................................. 4
Unequal Error Protection (UEP) .......................................................... 5
RADVISION’s Error Resiliency Solution ................................................... 6
RADVISION’s Solution vs. Existing Solutions............................................. 7
RADVISION WHITE PAPER | 2
4. White White Paper
Paper
Quality of Service and Quality of Experience
It is well-known that video quality in a video
call or video conference is tightly coupled with
network conditions. However, as video
conferencing infrastructure become massively
deployed, it can no longer be assumed that
network QoS is available, as use of non-
dedicated lines and the public Internet
becomes more prevalent.
In network topologies where QoS is not
guaranteed, there are techniques that can be
utilized to ensure a reliable channel regardless
of network conditions. These techniques can
help maintain a high Quality of Experience
(QoE) even when network quality is low, by
overcoming transient packet loss situations and
reducing the effects of network losses on video
quality.
These error resilience techniques, however,
come at a cost - either in latency, as a result of
increased buffering, or in bandwidth, which is
directly proportional to the bandwidth of the
protected stream and the excepted loss rate.
RADVISION WHITE PAPER | 3
5. White White Paper
Paper
Scalable Video Coding (SVC) (UEP). This saves considerable
bandwidth, while maintain a high level
As explained in details in the RADVISION of resiliency.
whitepaper “Delivering a Truly Scalable Visual
Communications Solution”, Scalable Video
Coding (SVC) allows senders to transmit a single
video stream, encoded once, supporting a Therefore SVC and other error
range of resolutions, bitrates and quality resiliency techniques (such as Forward
levels, by discarding selected data (a process Error Correction, or FEC) are not
known as “layer thinning”). competing techniques but
complementing ones.
But SVC introduces another significant
advantage over single-layer coding: temporal
scalability. Temporal scalability introduces a
layered structure of frame dependency, which
allows any network element, including the
receiving client, to decode the bit stream even
when some of the data is missing.
Fig 1: a Temporal Scalability
multi-layered frame structure example
The layered frame structure in figure 1 is an
excellent illustration of the strength of
temporal scalability. Unlike single-layer coding,
where each frame depends on the previous
frame, and so a loss of any frame is significant,
we can see in this example that the odd-
numbered frames (1, 3, 5, etc.) can be
discarded from the stream without any
influence on the rest of the frames. Frames 2
or 6, for instance, have limited dependency,
and if lost, they will affect only one other
frame. Therefore, this layered stream in
essence is much more resilient to errors than a
similar single-layer stream.
The use of such a multi-layered SVC stream
allows applying error resiliency techniques to
parts of the stream (specific layers) only, a
technique known as Unequal Error Protection
RADVISION WHITE PAPER | 4
6. White White Paper
Paper
Unequal Error Protection (UEP)
RADVSION employs Unequal Error
Existing error resilience techniques can be Protection (UEP) methods, designed for
categorized into two general groups: protective data protection over erroneous
coding and correction codes. Both are used to networks. UEP allows the sender to
protect data against possible data loss. protect different levels of data in
different ways - therefore optimally
Using protective coding, the encoder may protecting the SVC stream. Important
select not to exploit all the redundancy in the data, located in the base layer of the
stream for compression purposes. As a result, multi-layered stream, is highly
the stream has more redundancy, and is protected; less important data, located
therefore much more resilient to packet loss. in higher layers, is less protected or not
On the other hand, the compression is much protected at all.
less efficient, which adversely affects quality.
In case of re-transmission, only the
A typical way to implement protective coding is important data will be retransmitted.
to increase the INTRA macro-block frequency in Due to the specific layer structure of
the video stream. the RADVISION SVC stream,
retransmission can be used without
Using correction codes, such as Forward Error introducing additional delay.
Correction (FEC), an encoder can protect Exploiting these techniques, RADVISION
streams without directly affecting coding is able to protect the stream without
efficiency. FEC involves sending additional adding a substantial amount of
packets to protect the data. In case data is bandwidth, as in the protective coding
missing, it can be fully restored using the FEC approach, while maintaining a very
packets. This, however, dramatically increases high quality of experience, as in the
the bandwidth required, due to the addition of correction code approach.
FEC packets, and can introduce latency due to
the extra processing needed. Also, as the
overall bandwidth is limited, it may affect
quality.
On top of these, packet retransmission can be
used, to compensate for packets lost.
Depending on the senders’ and receivers’
capabilities, a specific packet, or even a whole
frame, can be resent. With single-layer coding
this technique usually introduces substantial
latency and is not suitable for interactive
communication. With the use of multi-layer
coding technique, such as SVC, re-transmission
can be used without introducing latency.
The most common technique used for
recalibrating sender and receiver involves
generating a new key frame (INTRA frame)
upon request from the receiver, using a Video
Fast Update (VFU) command.
RADVISION WHITE PAPER | 5
7. White Paper
White Paper
solution maintains the same excellent
RADVISION’s Error Resiliency Solution quality at a much higher packet loss
rates.
RADVISION’s error resiliency solution employs
these technologies in a unique combination to As the RADVISION solution is embedded
create the highest quality of experience, even in all of the RADVISION product line,
in error-prone network conditions. from desktop to infrastructure, users
can benefit from these error-resiliency
These technologies include:
techniques in every aspect of their
Temporal Scalability, as part of the communication:
H.264/SVC implementation
Point-to-point calling between
UEP using FEC desktop client, even when one (or
Packet retransmission both) of the parties are not inside
the corporate LAN.
Video Fast Update (VFU)
Making a conference call using the
Another important component, required for a
MCU via desktop client, even when
high quality experience, especially over
unmanaged networks, is bandwidth the MCU or the desktop client is not
management. While the techniques described located in the same campus.
in this document are designed to recover from Making a video call using the VC-
packet loss, effective bandwidth management 240, either point-to-point or
can help users abstain from packet loss. A through the MCU.
follow-up whitepaper will cover this important
In MCU to MCU cascading, which
aspect of the RADVISION solution.
allow enterprises to deploy MCUs
Combining these technologies, the RADVISION across their campuses (distributed
solution guarantees high quality, regardless of
model) and still maintain the
the level of packet loss, as shown in figure 2
below: highest quality of experience, using
a “virtual” MCU.
All of these are practically impossible
to achieve with traditional solutions,
setting annoying and unnecessary
boundaries for video conferencing
deployment. RADVISION's solution
allows all the video conferencing
components to communicate with one
other in great synergy, even over
unmanaged lines and networks.
Fig 2: Quality in different Packet Loss rates
conditions
Figure 2 illustrates how H.264 offers excellent
quality (shown here in terms of Peak Signal-to-
Noise Ratio, or PSNR), but declines significantly
when packet loss rate increases. RADVISION’s
RADVISION WHITE PAPER | 6
8. White Paper
RADVISION’s Solution vs. Existing Solutions enables an increased uptake of visual
communication solutions in the enterprise
arena.
As seen in figure 2, video from a single layer coder,
even H.264, typically cannot be used over networks
with more than 1% packet loss. State-of-the-art
error correction schemes, on top of single-layer
coders, can help the video handle packet loss of up
to 5%. But an H.264/SVC stream protected by UEP
technologies can offer great unprecedented visual
quality, with no artifacts, even at a packet loss
rate of up to 40% packet loss.
Moreover, existing error resiliency schemes, which
are applied on top of single-layer coders, yield a
significant bitrate overhead. Some protect the
entire Group of Pictures (GOP), resulting in up to
30% overhead and an increase in the number of
packets, which increases the chance for packet
loss. Others protect certain frames or certain areas
within a frame, resulting in limited resiliency,
especially over public Internet and networks with
packet loss rates higher than 5%.
RADVISION’s protection of the SVC stream adds only
10-15% overhead. The strength of the solution,
however, is unrivaled. For instance, for a 512Kbps
call, with 3% packet loss, the RADVISION output is
flawless, without any visible artifacts apart from an
occasional drop of frame rate to 28fps.
In addition, as mentioned above, the RADVISION
solution is embedded in all of the RADVISION
product line, from desktop to infrastructure. This
allows users to benefit from these error-resiliency
techniques, without a need for specific software or
hardware, offering a real high quality experience to
all users at any time or location. In addition to its
infrastructure products powered by SVC, RADVISION
will soon introduce the SVC SDK, for vendors who
wish to deploy a ready-made Scalable Video Coding
engine within their products.
Scalable Video Coding and Unequal Error Protection
offer many benefits to video network infrastructure,
improving error resiliency and overcoming the
challenges of maintaining a high quality experience,
even over unmanaged networks. The RADVISION solution
RADVISION WHITE PAPER | 7