This document summarizes a study on increasing transparency around extractive industries in West Kalimantan, Indonesia. The study analyzed different types of concessions for mining, logging, oil palm plantations, and forests. It found significant overlaps between concessions, totaling over 1 million hectares. Fieldwork revealed that local communities were not properly consulted or informed about these concessions being granted on their customary lands, resulting in conflicts. The study created an online map to make concession data and analyses publicly available. It concludes that greater transparency and community participation are needed in the concession allocation process to reduce conflicts over land and resource rights.

1. Mainstreaming spatial transparency :
Extractive Industries Transparency
Initiative in West Kalimantan, Indonesia
Swandiri Institute
Pontianak, Indonesia
E-mail: radja@hotmail.com
Open Government Partnership
Asia Pacific Regional Conference
Civil Society Organization Meeting
Bali, Indonesia 4-5 May 2014

2. I. Introduction
II. Go and No Go Framework
III. Field Works
III. Results
IV. Discussion
V. Conclusion
VI. Future Works

3. ●
Extractive Industries: any kind of activities which extract the natural
resources directly from the earth in different forms: minerals, coals,
crude oil and gas [Presidential Decree No. 26 / 2010: Article 1:
Section 1].
●
Mining Area [Indonesian: Wilayah Pertambangan / WP] is part of the
national spatial plan [Law No. 4 / 1999]
●
Mining Area is allocated in a way that it is: [1] transparent,
participative and responsible, [2] integrated with regards to the
opinions of related governmental offices, publics which taking into
account the following aspects: ecological, economic, cultural and
social and environmental sound, [3] taking into account local
opinions. [ Law No. 4 / 1999]
Introduction Go & No Go Field Works Results Discussion Conclusion Future Works

4. 146 cases of land conflicts due to mining,
plantation and logging and forest estate
concessions [Gemawan 2013]
Why ?
[Overlapping concessions, lack of information / not transparent? ]
How is it going in West Kalimantan ?
Introduction Go & No Go Field Works Results Discussion Conclusion Future Works

5. [1] Desk study on various types of concessions in West Kalimantan
[2] Secondary Data collections
[3] Field Study [triangulation]
[4] Spatial Analysis
[5] Web-based GIS
[6] Disseminate findings to any interested parties especially local
communities, CSO and government officials
It's not only analyzing and opening up the data and analysis but also
discussing and using them directly with local communities
Introduction Go & No Go Field Works Results Discussion Conclusion Future Works

6. Introduction Go & No Go Field Works Results Discussion Conclusion Future Works

7. West Kalimantan: In a Brief
12 Regencies and 2 Municipalities
30% of the population live in urban areas and 70% in rural areas
63.43% work in agricultural sector and around 5% in mining sector
West Kalimantan accounts for 28% of total oil palm expansions between
1990-2010 from 903 km2 to 31,640 km2 [Carlson et.al. 2012]
Introduction Go & No Go Field Works Results Discussion Conclusion Future Works

8. Forest Types /
Concessions
Conservation
Forest
Protection
Forest
Production
Forest
Limited Production
Forest
Convertible
Production Forest
Mining
Concessions
No Go Go (Close Pit)
Go (borrow and
use)
Go (borrow and
use)
Go (borrow and
use)
Oil Palm
Plantation
Concessions
No Go No Go No Go No Go
Go (Releasing the
area)
Forest Estate
Concessions
No Go No Go Go No Go No Go
Logging
Concessions
No Go No Go Go Go No Go
“Go” and “No Go” Framework
Introduction Go & No Go Field Works Results Discussion Conclusion Future Works
Republic Indonesia Law No. 41 / 1999

9. In-depth interviews with local community
members in Kabupaten Ketapang
Additional fieldworks: action-research at
Kecamatan Tayan, Kabupaten Sanggau
Triangulation of the desk study analysis
Documenting some activities and impacts
Introduction Go & No Go Field Works Results Discussion Conclusion Future Works

10. In Conservation
Forest
In Protection
Forest
In Production
Forest
In Other Land Use
Area
Mining
Concessions' area
[in Ha]
31,623.825 190,561.9328 323,564.8176 856,808.5197
Concessions Total Size [in
Ha]
Number of
Concessions given
to Companies
Mining 5.7 Mio 721
Oil Palm 4.2 Mio 377
Forest Estate 2.2 Mio 47
Logging 1.3 Mio 30
Introduction Go & No Go Field Works Results Discussion Conclusion Future Works
Source: Gemawan 2013,

11. Introduction Go & No Go Field Works Results Discussion Conclusion Future Works

12. Introduction Go & No Go Field Works Results Discussion Conclusion Future Works

13. Introduction Go & No Go Field Works Results Discussion Conclusion Future Works

14. Introduction Go & No Go Field Works Results Discussion Conclusion Future Works

15. Introduction Go & No Go Field Works Results Discussion Conclusion Future Works

16. Introduction Go & No Go Field Works Results Discussion Conclusion Future Works
Web-based GIS

17. Introduction Go & No Go Field Works Results Discussion Conclusion Future Works
Mining Area in Kandawangan, Kabupaten Ketapang
Courtesy of Zainul Mubarok

18. Dusun Batu Besi,
Desa Sejotang,
Kecamatan Tayan,
Kabupaten Sanggau,
Propinsi Kalimantan Barat,
Indonesia
Production Forest within
community's Land.
Land title : not possible
Introduction Go & No Go Field Works Results Discussion Conclusion Future Works

19. Dusun Batu Besi,
Desa Sejotang,
Kecamatan Tayan,
Kabupaten Sanggau,
Propinsi Kalimantan Barat,
Indonesia
Production Forest within
community's Land.
Land title : not possible
Introduction Go & No Go Field Works Results Discussion Conclusion Future Works

20. Danau Semenduk, Dusun
Semenduk, Desa Sejotang,
Kecamatan Tayan,
Kabupaten Sanggau,
Propinsi Kalimantan Barat,
Indonesia
●
Identified as Illegal : operating outside
concession area
●
Local conflict
●
Severe environmental degradation
Introduction Go & No Go Field Works Results Discussion Conclusion Future Works

21. Introduction Go & No Go Field Works Results Discussion Conclusion Future Works
Conservation
area
Protection
Forest
Production
Forest
Ministe Decree
[MD] No. 259
MD No. 936 MD No. 259 MD. No. 936 MD. No. 259 MD. No. 936
Palm Oil
Plantation [377
Concessions,
4.2 Million
Hectares]
8,433.40 6,859.34 56,299.78 63,922.30 653,473.01 383,484.60
Forest Estate
[47
Concessions,
2.2 Million
Hectares]
2,258.19 5,090.34 46,734.93 58,022.01 728,294.97 592,735.40
Logging [30
Concessions,
1.3 Million
Hectares]
5,176.38 5,894.65 98,452.89 97,713.30 - -
Mining [721
Concessions,
Total 5.7
Million
Hectares]
1,035.79 3,517.37 108,939.48 134,519.36 2,313,612.10 1,949,557.72
Overlapped Concessions

22. “... but after the companies enter [the area], life started to change. The
government through the Forestry Office Officers told [us] that
community members can't practice shifting agriculture and do
activities at the land belonging to the customary forest. They say that our
customary forest has been designated as state forest. Not long time
after, we have heard as well that part of our customary forest had
been handed over to PT. Kertas Basuki Rahmat [KBR], a HTI company,
that was in 1997. It was then continued by the oil palm plantation, and
in around 2002/2003, there was a survey conducted by a mining
company. In around 2004/2005, PT. Harita and PT. PAL [both are mining
companies] started their operation in our area. Some of us were
welcoming these companies, but most of us refused the companies.
However, the ones who refused couldn't do much as they were afraid of
creating problems with the government and the companies.”
Interviewee 1
Introduction Go & No Go Field Works Results Discussion Conclusion Future Works

23. “...We just heard briefly what is RTRW [Spatial Plan]. But
we have never known what are the policies. We only
know about the existence of companies of HPH, HTI,
Palm Oil and Mining in our area after the companies
and the government conducted socialization. The
Government said that the companies have obtained
the permit. We feel coined and we are pushed to
accept it”.
Interviewee 1
Introduction Go & No Go Field Works Results Discussion Conclusion Future Works

24. “...there was a socialization process when the
companies were about to enter. But only the
elites of the villages and the important people
attended [the meeting]. And as usual, the
companies were full of promises, particularly
regarding the recruitment of the local laborers
and the development of our area”.
Introduction Go & No Go Field Works Results Discussion Conclusion Future Works

25. Introduction Go & No Go Field Works Results Discussion Conclusion Future Works
Mining is the priority: District Regulation No. 4 / 2012 about
synchronization between mining sector and other sectors -
“Solution” for the overlapping concessions !

26. ntroduction Go & No Go Field Works Results Discussion Conclusion Future Works
In-transparency
Elite capture
Land grabbing
Relying on the “good will” of the government
officials

27. Introduction Go & No Go Field Works Results Discussion Conclusion Future Works

28. Acknowledgment
1. PWYP [Publish What You Pay] Indonesia
2. Revenue Watch Institute
3. Ford Foundation
4. Aris Sugiri of Community Drones
5. Arif Munandar
6. Zainul Mubarok

29. Thank You !
Terimakasih!
Things should be made as simple as possible, but not simpler
– Albert Einstein -
A dream you dream alone is only a dream, a dream you dream together is
reality – John Lennon -
The goal of science is to make the wonderful and complex
understandable and simple, but not less wonderful
- Herb Simon, Science of the Artificial