1) A non-destructive inspection was performed on a 19.5mm thick steel block using radiography, phased array, and TOFD techniques. 2) Some shallow surface indications were missed by the TOFD scan due to its dead zone near the surface, while other root and toe indications were clearly detected by phased array but not TOFD. 3) Subsurface indications were clearly seen on both TOFD and phased array scans, but had a better response on TOFD since they were not affected by the orientation of the indications like phased array.

1. ALBERTO MENCARELLI BLOCCO 19.5 mm
Non Destructive Inspection
Pag. 1 a 7
On the left side of radiography one indication is missing because of the orientation of indication, but clear
in TOFD scan, at 160mm a suface indication only 1 mm deep is lost because of TOFD surface dead zone.

2. ALBERTO MENCARELLI BLOCCO 19.5 mm
Non Destructive Inspection
Pag. 2 a 7
This set up can help to use a short range of focus, and avoid generating a false indication when the beam
catch root penetration or bottom cap in x preparation.
BeamTool Scan Plan
Inspection Layout
Piece
Thickness Width Length Index Offset Material
Shear
Velocity
Compression
Velocity
19.5mm 180mm 250mm 0mm Steel 1020 3.24mm/µs 5.89mm/µs
HAZ: 51.94% HAZ Width: 10mm

3. ALBERTO MENCARELLI BLOCCO 19.5 mm
Non Destructive Inspection
Pag. 3 a 7

4. ALBERTO MENCARELLI BLOCCO 19.5 mm
Non Destructive Inspection
Pag. 4 a 7
Weld
Region
Angl
e
Height Gap
Upper Fill 25°
15.38m
m
Hot Pass - V-
Type
25° 3.12mm
Root 1mm
2m
m
Phased Array Probe: PA SX 0
Index Offset: -20mm Scan Offset: 0mm Mirrored: False
Wedge: SPWZ3-N55S-IHC
Velocity Primary Offset Height 1
st
Element Length Width Angle
2.33mm/µs 60.41mm 14.32mm 66.48mm 40mm 36
o
Transducer: 5L32-PWZ3
Total Aperture: 32mm Number of Elements: 32 Element Pitch: 1mm
Sectorial Beamset 4 Beamset
Law Config.: Sectorial Wave Type: Shear
Element
Qty
First
Element
Min
Angle
Max
Angle
Angle
Steps
Focus
16 1 60
o
70
o
0.71
o
None

5. ALBERTO MENCARELLI BLOCCO 19.5 mm
Non Destructive Inspection
Pag. 5 a 7
Sectorial Beamset 6 Beamset
Law Config.: Sectorial Wave Type: Shear
Elemen
t
Qty
First
Elemen
t
Min
Angl
e
Max
Angl
e
Angl
e
Steps
Focus
16 17 52
o
69
o
0.89
o HalfPath:
65.00mm
TOFD Probe: TOFD 60° 132
Crossover Depth PCS Index Offset Scan Offset Elevation Refracted Angle
13mm 45.03mm 0mm 86mm 0mm 60
o
Wedge:
Length Width Exit Point
20.95mm 20mm 8.4mm
Transducer:
Shape Diameter Frequency Length Width
Round 6mm 5Mhz 10mm 10mm
Document Date: Monday, May 30, 2016

6. ALBERTO MENCARELLI BLOCCO 19.5 mm
Non Destructive Inspection
Pag. 6 a 7
The following scan show root indication clearly in both TOFD and PA
The following scan show toe indication clearly only in PA but undetectable by TOFD because the lateral
wave dead zone

7. ALBERTO MENCARELLI BLOCCO 19.5 mm
Non Destructive Inspection
Pag. 7 a 7
The following scan show subsurface indication clearly in both TOFD and PA but with better response on
TOFD because are not conditioned by orientation of indication.
I hope this presentation can clear the Client how much it is important reduce radiography test and
improve advance ultrasonic test, immediate responses, less cost and more safety is the goal of ultrasound.
Do not hesitate to ask information about Your specific requirement.
Thanks Alberto Mencarelli utmencarelli@gmail.com