Study of Radio-Frequency Identification - How RFID system works? - Identification Examples - Types of tags - Current Applications of RFID - Advantages of RFID - Disadvantages of RFID

1. Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID)
•Radio-Frequency identification (RFID) is generic
term for technologies which use RF waves to
identify, track or categorize any object.
•RFID is fast, reliable, and does not require physical
sight or contact between reader and the tagged
object.
By: Bikram Kumar Sinha, IIT Bombay

2. RFID systems and components
•Tags (Transponders)
•Reader/Interrogator
•Antenna
•Interface
•Host/Controller (PC/Laptop)
By: Bikram Kumar Sinha, IIT Bombay

3. How RFID system works?
•Controller activates RFID reader to send RF signals.
•Reader sends the signal of appropriate frequency (LF,HF,UHF,MW).
•Tag receives and modifies the signal.
•Tag sends modified signals back through tag antenna.
•Reader antenna receives the modified signal and reader decodes it.
•Controller analyzes the results.
By: Bikram Kumar Sinha, IIT Bombay

4. By: Bikram Kumar Sinha, IIT Bombay

5. Identification
•Assign IDs to objects.
•Link the ID to additional information about the object.
•Link the ID to complementary info.
•Find similar objects.
By: Bikram Kumar Sinha, IIT Bombay

6. Identification Examples
•Bar Codes
•License Plates
•Social Security Numbers
•Student ID
•Serial Numbers
•Car Keys
•Database Keys
By: Bikram Kumar Sinha, IIT Bombay

7. Types of tags
•Active Tags
-- On-board transceiver
-- Battery – must be replaced
-- Longer range
-- High cost
•Passive Tags
-- No battery
-- Low Cost
By: Bikram Kumar Sinha, IIT Bombay

8. Multiple Tags?
•What happens when multiple tags are in range
of the transceiver?
-- All the tags will be excited at the same time.
-- Makes it very difficult to distinguish between
the tags.
By: Bikram Kumar Sinha, IIT Bombay

9. Current Applications
•Livestock Tagging
•Wild Animal Tracking
•Electronic Article Surveillance
(EAS)
•Automated Toll Collection
•Animal Husbandry
•Vehicle Anti-Theft
•Passive / Secure Entry
•Airline Baggage Tracking
•Postal Package Tracking
•Time and Attendance
By: Bikram Kumar Sinha, IIT Bombay

10. Example of application
Smart grocery store :
• Several carts this full in early evening
could seriously slow down the checkout
process.
-- Add an RFID tag to all items in the
grocery.
-- As the cart leaves the store, it passes
through an RFID transceiver
-- The cart is rung up in seconds.
By: Bikram Kumar Sinha, IIT Bombay

11. Advantages of RFID
•RFID doesn’t need line of sight.
•Data is encrypted.
•RFID tags are durable and reusable.
•An RFID tag is read/write.
•Read rate is greatly increased.
•RFID tags are capable of storing larger data.
•RFID tags can be printed with a barcode.
By: Bikram Kumar Sinha, IIT Bombay

12. Disadvantages of RFID
• RFID systems are often more expensive than barcode systems
• RFID technology is harder to understand
• Can be (debatably) less reliable
• RFID tags are usually larger than barcode labels
• Tags are application specific. No one tag fits all
• Possibility of unauthorized reading of passports and credit cards
• More than one tag can respond at the same time
By: Bikram Kumar Sinha, IIT Bombay

13. RFID’s potential benefits are large, and we’re
sure to see many novel applications in the
future—some of which we can’t even begin to
imagine.
THANK YOU
By: Bikram Kumar Sinha, IIT Bombay