Rabies is caused by a lyssavirus that is transmitted through the saliva of rabid animals. All warm-blooded animals can be susceptible. Initial symptoms include headache, sore throat, and fever, followed by tingling at the bite site. Later symptoms involve excitation of the nervous system and fear of water, light, and air due to spasms. Rabies can be diagnosed based on history of animal bite, symptoms, antigen detection in skin biopsy, or virus isolation from saliva. Treatment focuses on isolation, sedation, hydration, and respiratory/cardiac support. Post-exposure prophylaxis includes wound cleansing, vaccine, and sometimes antibodies.

3. Agent
factors
• Lyssavirus
type 1
RNA virus
• Source of
infection is
through
the saliva
of a rabid
animal
Host factors
• All warm
blooded
animals re
susceptibl
e to the
virus

4. Rabies in man is called HydroPhobia
The disease begins with
Headache,malaise,sore throat and slight fever.
80% cases complain with tingling at the site of
bite
This stage is referred as Prodromal stage

5. The prodromal stage is then followed by a
widespread excitation stage and stimulation of
nervous system ( first the sensory system,motor
system,sympathetic system and mental system
The patient gets intolerant to noise,bright
light,cold draught of air
Aerophobia is present:pathognomic feature

6. Fanning of air across the face produces violent
spasm of pharyngeal and neck muscles.
Increased reflexes present
Dilated pupil present
Increased perspiration, salivation and lacrimation
present
Mental changes include fear of
death,anger,irritability and depression

7. On the basis of history of bite
by a rabid animal
Based on signs and symptoms
Antigen detection using
Immunoflouroscence of skin
biopsy
Virus isolation from Saliva

8. Isolate the patient in a
quiet room
Keep him away from
external stimuli such as
bright light, noise,air etc
Relieve anxiety and pain
by giving sedatives
Ensure hydration and
diuresis
Respiratory support and
cardiac support may be
given

9. Post exposure
prophylaxis
Pre exposure
prophylaxis
Post exposure
treatment of
persons who
have been
vaccinated
previously

10. The main aim is to neutralize the virus before it reached to
nervous system
Local treatment of
wound
Cleansing:
Immediate flusing with
plenty of soap and
water for atleast 15
minutes
Chemical treatment
After cleansing irrigate
the wound with
virucidal agent like
alcohol ,tincture iodine
or povidone
Antibiotics and anti
tetanus measure

11. Neural
vaccine
Semple vaccine
Beta
propionilactone
vaccine
Suckling mouse
brain vaccine
Non neural
vaccine
Embryonated
egg based
vaccine
Purified cell
culture vaccine
• I generation
• II generation