Japanese encephalitis virus is a mosquito-borne virus that infects humans, horses, and pigs. It was first recognized in 1871 in horses and humans in Japan. The virus causes mild to severe symptoms in humans, including high fever, headache, and in severe cases, disorientation, coma, and death. The virus structure shows it has a viral particle, E protein structure, and cross-section profile. Diagnosis involves antibody and virus detection tests. Prevention includes vaccines that are inactivated, live attenuated, or recombinant.

1. Japanese
Encephalitis Virus

2.  Japanese encephalitis virus is a mosquito-
borne viral infection of horses, pigs and
humans.
 Japanese encephalitis virus introduction
 History
 Geographic distribution
 Transmission cycles
 Signs and symptoms
 Viral structure
Introduction

3.  1871, Japanese encephalitis was recognized in horses and humans;
 1924, a severe epidemic was reported from Japan;
 1934, Hyashi reproduced the disease in monkey by intra-cerebral inoculation;
 1935, JE virus was isolated from human brain in Tokyo, Japan, and its virological
and serological prototype, Nakayama strain, was established.
History

4. Geographic Distribution
Endemic in temperate and tropical
regions of Asia
China
 Korea
Japan
Taiwan
Thailand.

5. Transmission Cycles

6. Signs and symptoms
Most JEV infections are mild (fever and
headache) or without apparent symptoms,
but approximately 1 in 250 infections results
in severe clinical illness. Severe disease is
characterized by rapid onset of high fever,
headache, neck stiffness, disorientation,
coma, seizures, spastic paralysis and
ultimately death.

7. Signs and symptoms
The incubation period of JEV is about 10-15 days.
Most of the infected patients have no symptom or
mild symptom, only a few with central nervous
system symptoms, such as high fever, headache,
cachexia, disturbance of consciousness and
convulsions, etc. The manifestation can be divided
into four levels according to the severity of the
disease:
 Mild symptoms
 Common symptoms
 Severe symptom
 Burst symptom

8. Viral Structure
Figure. Viral structure of Japanese encephalitis virus. The viral particle (A), the E protein structure (B) and
the cross-section profile of JEV (C).

9. Diagnosis
 IgM antibody - ELISA;
 Neutralisation assays;
 Viral detection - RT-PCR;
 Virus isolation by cell culture.

10. Prevention
There are 4 main types of JE vaccines
currently in use:
 inactivated mouse brain-derived vaccines;
 inactivated Vero cell-derived vaccines;
 live attenuated vaccines;
 live recombinant vaccines.

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