R.a 1265 final report
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All educational institutions in the Philippines are required to hold a daily flag ceremony according to Republic Act No. 1265. The flag ceremony must be simple, dignified, and include the singing or playing of the national anthem. The Secretary of Education is tasked with issuing rules and regulations for conducting proper flag ceremonies. Failure to hold the daily flag ceremony after notice will result in public censure of the educational institution in a newspaper, and repeated failure could lead to cancellation of the institution's recognition or permit.
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Fungi
Fungi have several key characteristics: their cell walls contain chitin, they are heterotrophs that decompose organic matter, and their bodies are made of long filaments called hyphae that form a mycelium. They reproduce both sexually through the fusion of hyphae and asexually via spores. There are five major phyla of fungi: Zygomycota, Oomycota, Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, and Deuteromycota. Examples of fungi from these phyla include bread molds, water molds, cup fungi, mushrooms, and fungi imperfecti. Fungi play important ecological roles as decomposers and through symbiotic relationships
Classification of animals
This document provides an overview of how living things are classified. It explains that living things are divided into two large groups: animals and plants. Animals are further divided into vertebrates and invertebrates. Vertebrates are animals with backbones and include five groups: amphibians, birds, fish, mammals, and reptiles. Each group is described. Invertebrates do not have backbones and include eight groups: molluscs, flatworms, annelids, roundworms, sponges, echinoderms, cnidarians, and arthropods. Details are provided on the characteristics of each invertebrate group.
Cell respiration
Cellular respiration involves three main stages - glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain. Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm and breaks down glucose to produce two ATP and NADH. The Krebs cycle takes place in the mitochondrial matrix and generates more ATP, CO2, and NADH/FADH from pyruvate. In the electron transport chain, located in the mitochondrial membranes, NADH and FADH donate electrons to pump hydrogen ions out of the matrix, building up a proton gradient. ATP synthase uses this gradient to produce large amounts of ATP through chemiosmosis. Aerobic respiration is more efficient than anaerobic, producing up to 38 ATP per glucose.
Cell parts and functions transport across membranes
The document describes various parts of cells and how substances move across cell membranes. It discusses the structures and functions of mitochondria, lysosomes, peroxisomes, centrioles, microtubules and other organelles. It also explains the three main ways that substances traverse the cell membrane: passive diffusion, active transport, and endocytosis/exocytosis. Specific transport mechanisms like osmosis, carrier-mediated transport, and receptor-mediated endocytosis are also outlined.
Biomitosismeiosis
This document discusses genetic inheritance and cell division. It covers topics like duplicating genetic information in DNA, the structure of chromosomes, the cell cycle phases including interphase and mitosis, cancer and how it relates to the cell cycle, and the two types of cell division - mitosis which produces identical daughter cells and meiosis which reduces the chromosome number to produce gametes like eggs and sperm. The key stages of meiosis including prophase I, metaphase I, anaphase I and telophase I are compared to the stages of mitosis.
Protista part 2
This document describes the characteristics of the kingdom Protista. It discusses the main phyla of algae, including Chlorophyta (green algae), Phaeophyta (brown algae), and Rhodophyta (red algae). It also covers protist phyla like Bacillariophyta (diatoms), Dinoflagellata, and Chrysophyta. The document outlines structural features and key traits of different algal groups. It notes that green algae were important in the evolution of land plants. Fungus-like protists like slime molds, water molds, and chytrids are also briefly covered.
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Cell parts and functions transport across membranes
Cell parts and functions transport across membranes
R.a 1265 final report
- 1. BON JOUR!
- 2. REPUBLIC ACT NO. 1265 - AN ACT MAKING FLAG CEREMONY COMPULSORY IN ALL EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS REPUBLIC ACT NO. 1265
- 3. Section 1. All educational institutions shall henceforth observe daily flag ceremony, which shall be simple and dignified and shall include the playing or singing of the Philippine National Anthem. Section 2. The Secretary of Education is hereby authorized and directed to issue or cause to be issued rules and regulations for the proper conduct of the flag ceremony herein provided.
- 4. Section 3. Failure or refusal to observe the flag ceremony provided by this Act and in accordance with rules and regulations issued by the Secretary of Education, after proper notice and hearing, shall subject the educational institution concerned and its head to public censure as an administrative punishment which shall be published at least once in a newspaper of general circulation. In case of failure to observe for the second time the flag ceremony provided by this Act, the Secretary of Education, after proper notice and hearing, shall cause the cancellation of the recognition or permit of the private educational institution responsible for such failure. Section 4. This Act shall take effect upon its approval.