1. Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is characterized by high anion gap, low pH, and low bicarbonate levels except serum bicarbonate may be greater than 15 meq/L. 2. Microalbuminuria is the earliest manifestation of diabetic nephropathy. Increased glomerular filtration rate occurs later while decreased glomerular filtration rate is a late finding. 3. The most common pattern of dyslipidemia in diabetes is increased triglycerides and decreased HDL cholesterol levels.