Quick Scala
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Quick Scala is an overview document that summarizes: - Scala is a pure object-oriented and functional language that runs on the JVM, with static types and type inference. - It supports classes, traits, functions, concurrency with actors, and pattern matching. - The document outlines Scala's basic syntax including objects, classes, methods, and data types, as well as features like strings, arrays, collections, traits, exception handling and extractors.
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This document provides instructions for setting up an Eclipse Java EE development environment for building GWT web applications, including installing the GWT plugin and SDK, creating a new GWT web application project, copying over sample java files and configuring the web.xml file. It also describes installing the Google Web Toolkit developer Plugin for Firefox browser to test and run GWT applications.
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Redis is an in-memory data structure store that can be used as a database, cache, and message broker. It supports strings, hashes, lists, sets, sorted sets with operations like gets, sets, incr, and exploring data structures. Redis also supports transactions, pub/sub, LRU caching, and replication. Common commands provide basic CRUD operations and data structure operations with time complexities from O(1) to O(N+M*log(M)).
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This document discusses Bitcoin, a peer-to-peer electronic cash system. It outlines problems with traditional financial institutions, such as the risk of disputes and transaction fees. It then introduces Bitcoin as an alternative that allows for direct peer-to-peer transactions using cryptography to prevent double spending, through techniques like digital signatures, timestamping, proof of work, and an incentive-driven network. The document provides high-level explanations of these core Bitcoin concepts and technologies.
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9
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Quick Scala
- 1. Quick Scala
- 2. Overview • Pure Object oriented: classes and traits for mixins • Functional: anonymous fns, higher prder fns, nested fns, currying, Functions are objects • Static type, Type inference • Runs on JVM: scalac, scala • All types are objects • Domain specific language (DSL) support, Closures, Concurrency support inspired by Erlang
- 3. Basic Syntax • Object, Class, Methods, Fields, Closure, Traits • case-sensitive identifiers, Class names first letter upper case, method name first letter lower case, program file name same as object name, • legal identifiers: age, salary, _value, __1_value • illegal identifiers: $salary, 123abc, -salary • legal operator identifiers: + ++ ::: <?> :> • legal mixed identifiers: unary_+, myvar_= • literal identifier, string enclosed in back ticks: `x` `<clinit>` `yield` • Optional semicolon if only one statement on a line • Dynamic invocations:
- 4. Data types • Unit: no value, equivalent to void in Java • Null: null o empty reference • Nothing: Subtype of every other type • Any, AnyVal, AnyRef
- 5. Variables • Type Inference • var: mutable variable • val: immutable variable • Scope • Fields • Method Parameters, always immutable • Local Variables
- 6. Classes and Objects • Keywords: new, extends, • Implicit classes, always in the object scope • Singleton Objects, created with object keyword, No parameters in primary constructor
- 7. Access Modifiers • private • protected • public: public keyword not required • Scope of Protection: private[professional], private[this]
- 9. Functions • Called method when inside class • Called procedure if no return parameter • Partial functions •
- 10. Closures
- 11. String • String Interpolation • literal ‘s’ allows the usage of variable directly in processing a string • literal ‘f’ interpolator allows to create a formatted String • ‘raw’ interpolator is similar to ‘s’ interpolator except that it performs no escaping of literals within a string.
- 12. Arrays • def apply( x: T, xs: T* ): Array[T] • Creates an array of T objects, where T can be Unit, Double, Float, Long, Int, Char, Short, Byte, Boolean.
- 13. Collections • Lists, Sets, Maps, Tuples, Options, Iterators • Collections may be strict or lazy.
- 14. Traits • A trait encapsulates method and field definitions, which can then be reused by mixing them into classes. • Value classes and Universal Traits •
- 15. Pattern Matching • A pattern match includes a sequence of alternatives, each starting with the keyword case.
- 17. Extractors • An extractor in Scala is an object that has a method called unapply as one of its members. The purpose of that unapply method is to match a value and take it apart.
- 18. Why Scala? • functions are first-class citizens, functional programming • Futures to manage concurrency • Tail recursion • Traits • Akka framework, Actors, Scala in Apache Spark pipelines, sbt
Editor's Notes
- object HelloWorld { /* This is my first java program. */ def main(args: Array[String]) { println("Hello, world!") // prints Hello World } } \> scalac HelloWorld.scala \> scala HelloWorld import scala.xml._ import scala.collection.mutable.HashMap import scala.collection.immutable.{TreeMap, TreeSet}
- var myVar : String = "Foo" val (myVar1: Int, myVar2: String) = Pair(40, "Foo")
- object <object name> { implicit class <class name>(<Variable>: Data type) { def <method>(): Unit = } } object Run { implicit class IntTimes(x: Int) { def times [A](f: =>A): Unit = { def loop(current: Int): Unit = if(current > 0){ f loop(current - 1) } loop(x) } } }
- for ( x <- myList ) { println( x ) }
- trait Equal { def isEqual(x: Any): Boolean def isNotEqual(x: Any): Boolean = !isEqual(x) }
- def matchTest(x: Int): String = x match { case 1 => "one" case 2 => "two" case _ => "many" }