This document provides an overview of key Java concepts including:
- Classes define blueprints for objects with states and behaviors.
- Objects are instances of classes that store their unique state in fields and expose behaviors through methods.
- Other concepts covered include variables, primitive data types, arrays, operators, control flow statements, passing arguments to methods, and the difference between passing primitive and reference types. The document serves as an introduction for learning Java.
The document outlines an agenda for learning core Java concepts over 15 sections. It introduces key Java topics like primitive data types, variables, arrays, control flow statements, classes and objects, inheritance, polymorphism, exceptions, strings and characters, files and streams, and generic collections. The agenda also covers defining classes and methods, passing arguments, encapsulation, and memory concepts like objects, references, and the heap.
The document provides an overview of key Java concepts including:
1) Classes and methods define the structure and behaviors of objects in Java. Data types include primitives and object references.
2) Control statements like if/else and loops operate similarly to other languages like C++. Object-oriented concepts include inheritance, polymorphism, and encapsulation.
3) Interfaces define common behaviors without implementation, while abstract classes can contain abstract and implemented methods. The Java Virtual Machine executes Java bytecode making programs platform independent.
This document provides an introduction to the Java programming language. It outlines the objectives of learning Java as understanding basic programming concepts, object-oriented principles, Java APIs, and exception handling. It then defines Java as both a programming language and platform, describes Java's syntax and how it is compiled and interpreted, and explains the Java virtual machine and application programming interface that make up the Java platform. It also gives examples of primitive data types, operators, control flow structures, and how to use arrays and strings in Java.
Java is a widely used programming language that was created in 1991. It is an object-oriented language that is platform independent and runs on a virtual machine. Key features of Java include being simple, object-oriented, robust, secure, and portable. The Java runtime environment includes the Java virtual machine which executes Java bytecode. Common uses of Java include developing desktop and web applications, mobile apps, and embedded systems.
This document provides an overview of serialization in Java. Serialization allows an object to be written to a stream and reconstructed from that stream later. When an object is serialized, its field values are written to preserve the object's state. The transient keyword can exclude fields from serialization. Serialization uses ObjectOutputStream to write objects and ObjectInputStream to read them back. Unique identifiers prevent version conflicts during deserialization. Classes can implement Externalizable for full control over serialization.
The document discusses key concepts in Java programming including:
1. Java is an object-oriented programming language that is platform independent and allows developers to create applications, applets, and web applications.
2. The Java code is first compiled to bytecode, which can then be executed on any Java Virtual Machine (JVM) regardless of the underlying hardware or operating system.
3. Core Java concepts covered include classes, objects, encapsulation, inheritance, polymorphism, and abstraction. Operators, flow control statements, arrays, strings and object-oriented programming principles are also summarized.
The document provides an overview of Java concepts including:
1. The structure of a basic Java program including the class, main method, and print statement.
2. Explanations of keywords like public, static, void and how the main method works.
3. A description of Java APIs and how prewritten classes and packages are used.
4. Details on Java identifiers, variables, primitive and reference data types.
The document outlines an agenda for learning core Java concepts over 15 sections. It introduces key Java topics like primitive data types, variables, arrays, control flow statements, classes and objects, inheritance, polymorphism, exceptions, strings and characters, files and streams, and generic collections. The agenda also covers defining classes and methods, passing arguments, encapsulation, and memory concepts like objects, references, and the heap.
The document provides an overview of key Java concepts including:
1) Classes and methods define the structure and behaviors of objects in Java. Data types include primitives and object references.
2) Control statements like if/else and loops operate similarly to other languages like C++. Object-oriented concepts include inheritance, polymorphism, and encapsulation.
3) Interfaces define common behaviors without implementation, while abstract classes can contain abstract and implemented methods. The Java Virtual Machine executes Java bytecode making programs platform independent.
This document provides an introduction to the Java programming language. It outlines the objectives of learning Java as understanding basic programming concepts, object-oriented principles, Java APIs, and exception handling. It then defines Java as both a programming language and platform, describes Java's syntax and how it is compiled and interpreted, and explains the Java virtual machine and application programming interface that make up the Java platform. It also gives examples of primitive data types, operators, control flow structures, and how to use arrays and strings in Java.
Java is a widely used programming language that was created in 1991. It is an object-oriented language that is platform independent and runs on a virtual machine. Key features of Java include being simple, object-oriented, robust, secure, and portable. The Java runtime environment includes the Java virtual machine which executes Java bytecode. Common uses of Java include developing desktop and web applications, mobile apps, and embedded systems.
This document provides an overview of serialization in Java. Serialization allows an object to be written to a stream and reconstructed from that stream later. When an object is serialized, its field values are written to preserve the object's state. The transient keyword can exclude fields from serialization. Serialization uses ObjectOutputStream to write objects and ObjectInputStream to read them back. Unique identifiers prevent version conflicts during deserialization. Classes can implement Externalizable for full control over serialization.
The document discusses key concepts in Java programming including:
1. Java is an object-oriented programming language that is platform independent and allows developers to create applications, applets, and web applications.
2. The Java code is first compiled to bytecode, which can then be executed on any Java Virtual Machine (JVM) regardless of the underlying hardware or operating system.
3. Core Java concepts covered include classes, objects, encapsulation, inheritance, polymorphism, and abstraction. Operators, flow control statements, arrays, strings and object-oriented programming principles are also summarized.
The document provides an overview of Java concepts including:
1. The structure of a basic Java program including the class, main method, and print statement.
2. Explanations of keywords like public, static, void and how the main method works.
3. A description of Java APIs and how prewritten classes and packages are used.
4. Details on Java identifiers, variables, primitive and reference data types.
Java is an object-oriented programming language developed by Sun Microsystems to be small, simple, and portable across platforms. It uses classes and objects, inheritance, interfaces, and packages. A class is a template that defines objects, which are instances of a class. Inheritance allows classes to inherit attributes and behaviors from parent classes. Interfaces define behaviors without implementations. Packages organize related classes.
This document discusses Java data types and variables. It defines variables as containers that hold data values and notes there are three types: local, instance, and static. Local variables are declared within methods while instance variables are declared in a class but outside methods. Static variables can be accessed by the class name. The document also outlines Java's primitive data types like int and double, and non-primitive types like Strings and Arrays. It explains type casting between primitive types and differences between primitive and non-primitive data types.
Quick Scala is an overview document that summarizes:
- Scala is a pure object-oriented and functional language that runs on the JVM, with static types and type inference.
- It supports classes, traits, functions, concurrency with actors, and pattern matching.
- The document outlines Scala's basic syntax including objects, classes, methods, and data types, as well as features like strings, arrays, collections, traits, exception handling and extractors.
The document discusses key concepts in Java including classes, objects, methods, and command line arguments. A class defines common properties and behaviors for objects through fields and methods. Objects are instantiated from classes and can access fields and methods using dot notation. Command line arguments allow passing data into a Java application and are accessed through the args parameter in the main method.
Intro to Object Oriented Programming with Java Hitesh-Java
In this core java training session, you will learn Object Oriented Programming. Topics covered in this session are:
• Object Oriented Programming Concepts
• Introduction to OO Analysis and Design
For more information about this course visit on this link: https://www.mindsmapped.com/courses/software-development/learn-java-fundamentals-hands-on-training-on-core-java-concepts/
https://www.learntek.org/blog/serialization-in-java/
Learntek is global online training provider on Big Data Analytics, Hadoop, Machine Learning, Deep Learning, IOT, AI, Cloud Technology, DEVOPS, Digital Marketing and other IT and Management courses.
Serialization & De-serialization in JavaInnovationM
When you create a class, you may create an object for that particular class and once we execute/terminate the program, the object is destroyed by itself (Garbage Collector thread).
The Java I/O package supports Java's basic input/output system for accessing external data from sources like files and networks. It defines streams as logical entities that produce or consume information, with byte streams for binary data and character streams for Unicode text. Streams are linked to physical devices and behave consistently across different types of devices. The package defines hierarchies of input and output stream classes, with abstract base classes like InputStream/OutputStream for bytes and Reader/Writer for characters.
This document provides an overview of object-oriented programming concepts including classes, objects, inheritance, encapsulation, and polymorphism. It also discusses Java programming fundamentals such as primitive data types, variables, flow control, arrays, and methods. Additionally, it covers object-oriented principles in Java like abstraction, interfaces, exceptions, and collections.
The document provides an overview of iOS application development using Objective-C. It discusses that Objective-C adds object-oriented programming to C by incorporating Smalltalk-style messaging. It also notes that Objective-C is the main programming language used by Apple for iOS and OS X operating systems. The document then covers Objective-C syntax, classes, memory management using reference counting, protocols, blocks, and exception handling.
This document discusses object-oriented programming concepts in Java including classes, objects, inheritance, encapsulation, and interfaces. It defines key terms like class, object, inheritance, and encapsulation. It explains that a class acts as a template that defines common attributes and behaviors of objects. Inheritance allows subclasses to extend and specialize the behaviors of parent classes. Encapsulation separates an object's internal state from its external interface. The document also covers other concepts like polymorphism, abstraction, and interfaces.
The document discusses several core Java concepts including:
1) Comments in Java code can be single-line or multiline javadoc comments.
2) Classes are fundamental in Java and describe data objects and methods that can be applied to objects.
3) Variables and methods have scopes determined by curly braces and a variable is only available within its scope.
Miles Sabin Introduction To Scala For Java DevelopersSkills Matter
Scala is a programming language that blends object-oriented and functional programming styles. It is designed to interoperate with Java code and runs on the Java Virtual Machine. Some key features of Scala include case classes, pattern matching, traits for mixing behavior, and immutable data structures. Scala code compiles to Java bytecode, allowing seamless use of Java libraries and tools.
This document provides an introduction to Java programming including:
- An overview of object-oriented programming concepts in Java such as classes, objects, and inheritance.
- Descriptions of Java's primitive data types, control structures, and commonly used predefined classes.
- Explanations of how Java programs are compiled into bytecode and executed by the Java Virtual Machine.
- Details on how to write and document your own Java classes.
This document provides an overview of key Ruby object-oriented programming concepts including:
1) Ruby objects consist of a reference to their class, instance variables, and flags. Ruby classes are also objects that consist of a reference to their superclass, instance variables, methods, and flags.
2) Classes inherit behavior from other classes and encapsulate an object's state within instance variables and methods. Polymorphism allows different objects to respond to the same message.
3) Modules are used as namespaces and mixins to enhance classes. The Kernel module mixes instance methods into Object to define core functionality for all objects.
4) Ruby uses various variable types including instance variables (@), class variables (@@), local
Introduction to oop and java fundamentalsAnsgarMary
This document provides an introduction to object-oriented programming concepts in Java, including classes, objects, inheritance, polymorphism, abstraction, and encapsulation. It then discusses the Java programming environment, fundamental programming structures in Java like data types, variables, operators, control flow statements, and arrays. Key characteristics of the Java language are also summarized.
This document provides an introduction to using Java for FIRST Robotics Competition robotics programs. It covers key Java concepts like classes, objects, inheritance, and exceptions. It also discusses how to install Java and the necessary plugins for FRC, create a basic robot program, and display diagnostic output. The document compares the SimpleRobot and IterativeRobot templates and gives examples of common Java code for FRC robotics.
APL Machinery a leading company who manufactures the UV coating & Curing system and Screen Printing Machine. For more information:- http://aplmachinery.com/
APL provide fully automatic spot and full coater and curing (of coating by ultraviolet radiation) systems, which are designed and manufactured in conformation with the International standards.
Java is an object-oriented programming language developed by Sun Microsystems to be small, simple, and portable across platforms. It uses classes and objects, inheritance, interfaces, and packages. A class is a template that defines objects, which are instances of a class. Inheritance allows classes to inherit attributes and behaviors from parent classes. Interfaces define behaviors without implementations. Packages organize related classes.
This document discusses Java data types and variables. It defines variables as containers that hold data values and notes there are three types: local, instance, and static. Local variables are declared within methods while instance variables are declared in a class but outside methods. Static variables can be accessed by the class name. The document also outlines Java's primitive data types like int and double, and non-primitive types like Strings and Arrays. It explains type casting between primitive types and differences between primitive and non-primitive data types.
Quick Scala is an overview document that summarizes:
- Scala is a pure object-oriented and functional language that runs on the JVM, with static types and type inference.
- It supports classes, traits, functions, concurrency with actors, and pattern matching.
- The document outlines Scala's basic syntax including objects, classes, methods, and data types, as well as features like strings, arrays, collections, traits, exception handling and extractors.
The document discusses key concepts in Java including classes, objects, methods, and command line arguments. A class defines common properties and behaviors for objects through fields and methods. Objects are instantiated from classes and can access fields and methods using dot notation. Command line arguments allow passing data into a Java application and are accessed through the args parameter in the main method.
Intro to Object Oriented Programming with Java Hitesh-Java
In this core java training session, you will learn Object Oriented Programming. Topics covered in this session are:
• Object Oriented Programming Concepts
• Introduction to OO Analysis and Design
For more information about this course visit on this link: https://www.mindsmapped.com/courses/software-development/learn-java-fundamentals-hands-on-training-on-core-java-concepts/
https://www.learntek.org/blog/serialization-in-java/
Learntek is global online training provider on Big Data Analytics, Hadoop, Machine Learning, Deep Learning, IOT, AI, Cloud Technology, DEVOPS, Digital Marketing and other IT and Management courses.
Serialization & De-serialization in JavaInnovationM
When you create a class, you may create an object for that particular class and once we execute/terminate the program, the object is destroyed by itself (Garbage Collector thread).
The Java I/O package supports Java's basic input/output system for accessing external data from sources like files and networks. It defines streams as logical entities that produce or consume information, with byte streams for binary data and character streams for Unicode text. Streams are linked to physical devices and behave consistently across different types of devices. The package defines hierarchies of input and output stream classes, with abstract base classes like InputStream/OutputStream for bytes and Reader/Writer for characters.
This document provides an overview of object-oriented programming concepts including classes, objects, inheritance, encapsulation, and polymorphism. It also discusses Java programming fundamentals such as primitive data types, variables, flow control, arrays, and methods. Additionally, it covers object-oriented principles in Java like abstraction, interfaces, exceptions, and collections.
The document provides an overview of iOS application development using Objective-C. It discusses that Objective-C adds object-oriented programming to C by incorporating Smalltalk-style messaging. It also notes that Objective-C is the main programming language used by Apple for iOS and OS X operating systems. The document then covers Objective-C syntax, classes, memory management using reference counting, protocols, blocks, and exception handling.
This document discusses object-oriented programming concepts in Java including classes, objects, inheritance, encapsulation, and interfaces. It defines key terms like class, object, inheritance, and encapsulation. It explains that a class acts as a template that defines common attributes and behaviors of objects. Inheritance allows subclasses to extend and specialize the behaviors of parent classes. Encapsulation separates an object's internal state from its external interface. The document also covers other concepts like polymorphism, abstraction, and interfaces.
The document discusses several core Java concepts including:
1) Comments in Java code can be single-line or multiline javadoc comments.
2) Classes are fundamental in Java and describe data objects and methods that can be applied to objects.
3) Variables and methods have scopes determined by curly braces and a variable is only available within its scope.
Miles Sabin Introduction To Scala For Java DevelopersSkills Matter
Scala is a programming language that blends object-oriented and functional programming styles. It is designed to interoperate with Java code and runs on the Java Virtual Machine. Some key features of Scala include case classes, pattern matching, traits for mixing behavior, and immutable data structures. Scala code compiles to Java bytecode, allowing seamless use of Java libraries and tools.
This document provides an introduction to Java programming including:
- An overview of object-oriented programming concepts in Java such as classes, objects, and inheritance.
- Descriptions of Java's primitive data types, control structures, and commonly used predefined classes.
- Explanations of how Java programs are compiled into bytecode and executed by the Java Virtual Machine.
- Details on how to write and document your own Java classes.
This document provides an overview of key Ruby object-oriented programming concepts including:
1) Ruby objects consist of a reference to their class, instance variables, and flags. Ruby classes are also objects that consist of a reference to their superclass, instance variables, methods, and flags.
2) Classes inherit behavior from other classes and encapsulate an object's state within instance variables and methods. Polymorphism allows different objects to respond to the same message.
3) Modules are used as namespaces and mixins to enhance classes. The Kernel module mixes instance methods into Object to define core functionality for all objects.
4) Ruby uses various variable types including instance variables (@), class variables (@@), local
Introduction to oop and java fundamentalsAnsgarMary
This document provides an introduction to object-oriented programming concepts in Java, including classes, objects, inheritance, polymorphism, abstraction, and encapsulation. It then discusses the Java programming environment, fundamental programming structures in Java like data types, variables, operators, control flow statements, and arrays. Key characteristics of the Java language are also summarized.
This document provides an introduction to using Java for FIRST Robotics Competition robotics programs. It covers key Java concepts like classes, objects, inheritance, and exceptions. It also discusses how to install Java and the necessary plugins for FRC, create a basic robot program, and display diagnostic output. The document compares the SimpleRobot and IterativeRobot templates and gives examples of common Java code for FRC robotics.
APL Machinery a leading company who manufactures the UV coating & Curing system and Screen Printing Machine. For more information:- http://aplmachinery.com/
APL provide fully automatic spot and full coater and curing (of coating by ultraviolet radiation) systems, which are designed and manufactured in conformation with the International standards.
Este documento presenta los principios generales de acotación aplicables a dibujos técnicos de acuerdo a la norma UNE 1039:1994. Explica los diferentes elementos de acotación como líneas auxiliares, líneas de cota y símbolos. También describe métodos para acotar elementos como círculos, elementos repetitivos, chaflanes, conos e indicar niveles. El objetivo es proporcionar las medidas necesarias en los dibujos para definir piezas de manera clara y unívoca.
Overview of Screen Printing Machine by APL Machinery Pvt. Ltd.aplmachineryindia
Screen printing machine can be used in commercial and industrial business. There are many advantages that you can have when using the machine. For more information visit now :- http://aplmachinery.com/
Ultraviolet curing is a photochemical process in which high-intensity ultraviolet light is used to instantly cure or “dry” inks, coatings or adhesives.It have been around as a coating for paper in magazines and brochures and as a clear coating on printed circuit boards for years.It is fast becoming one of the most popular techniques in the paint and coatings industry.For more information:- http://aplmachinery.com/products/uv-curing-system/
Este documento presenta una serie de ejercicios relacionados con la semejanza de triángulos y las escalas. Los ejercicios involucran el cálculo de distancias, áreas, volúmenes y dimensiones reales basados en planos y mapas a diferentes escalas. Se explican las soluciones paso a paso utilizando teoremas geométricos como el teorema del cateto y el teorema de la altura.
This document discusses fibroids (leiomyomas), which are benign smooth muscle tumors of the uterus. Key points include:
- Fibroids are the most common benign tumors of the uterus, occurring in 20-30% of women by age 30.
- They are estrogen-dependent tumors that grow during reproductive years and often shrink after menopause.
- Symptoms include heavy menstrual bleeding, pelvic pressure, pain, urinary symptoms, and infertility.
- Fibroids can be intramural, subserosal, submucosal, or cervical. Complications include degeneration, infection, and torsion of pedunculated fibroids.
Java , basics of java programming, JVM, JRE, JDK detailed explanation. primitive datatype. this ppt explains the basic concepts of java clearly starting from variables to complex programmes. It has 55 slides which gives you better understanding
Java is a high level, an object oriented and mostly used programming language. It has several applications as in web development, app development, android development etc. This is a ppt that will give a basic idea about java its uses and its applications.
The document discusses the fundamentals of object-oriented programming and Java. It covers key concepts like abstraction, encapsulation, inheritance and polymorphism. It also describes the basic structure of a Java program, including classes, objects, methods and variables. It explains how to set up a Java development environment, compile and run a simple Java program.
Java was originated at Sun Microsystems in 1991 and was conceived by James Gosling and Patrick Naughton. It is an object-oriented programming language that is designed to be simple, secure, robust, portable, distributed, and multithreaded. Java uses object-oriented programming features like abstraction, encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism. It is compiled to bytecode that runs on a Java virtual machine, making programs portable across platforms.
Java is a popular object-oriented programming language. It was developed by Sun Microsystems in 1995 and is considered a robust, secure, and portable language. Some key features of Java include being platform independent, object-oriented, and having automatic memory management. Java code is compiled to bytecode that runs on a Java Virtual Machine (JVM). The JRE provides the runtime environment for Java applications. Common applications of Java include desktop programs, web applications, and enterprise software. Objects in Java are instances of classes that have state and behavior.
This document provides an overview of object-oriented programming concepts in Java including abstraction, encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism. It discusses key Java concepts like classes, objects, methods, and access specifiers. It also covers Java fundamentals like variables, data types, operators, control flow statements, comments, and arrays. Additionally, it describes the Java runtime environment, how to set up a Java development environment, compile and run a simple Java program. The document is intended as an introduction to object-oriented programming and the Java programming language.
This document provides an overview of object oriented programming concepts in Java including classes, objects, encapsulation, inheritance, polymorphism and more. It also outlines the syllabus for a course on OOP with Java, covering topics like arrays, strings, vectors, exception handling, GUI programming and more. Finally, it provides some examples of basic Java code.
This document provides an overview of core Java concepts including:
- A brief history of Java's development from 1991 to today.
- Key Java features such as being object-oriented, platform independent, secure, and reliable.
- Object-oriented programming concepts in Java like classes, objects, inheritance, polymorphism.
- Common Java keywords, operators, data types, and variables.
- Additional topics covered include methods, inheritance, interfaces, exceptions, and strings.
The document provides an overview of the Java programming language and platform. It discusses the Java language basics including variables, operators, control flow statements, and primitive data types. It also covers object-oriented programming concepts, classes and objects, exceptions, and concurrency. Finally, it outlines the Java platform components including the Java Virtual Machine and Java API.
Scala is a programming language that combines object-oriented and functional programming. It runs on the Java Virtual Machine and is designed to grow with user demands through libraries. Play 2.0 is a web application framework written in Scala that allows for rapid development through its Model-View-Controller architecture and local development server. Cloud Foundry is an open Platform as a Service that allows developers to easily deploy and scale applications, including those written in Scala and Play 2.0.
The document provides an overview of core Java concepts including:
- Java is an object-oriented programming language and platform that runs on a virtual machine. It is used to create desktop, web, enterprise, mobile and other applications.
- Core Java concepts include objects, classes, inheritance, polymorphism, abstraction and encapsulation. The document also discusses variables and data types, OOP principles, object creation, method overloading and constructors.
- It provides examples of Hello World programs and explains Java memory areas like stack and heap. Key topics like static keyword, method vs constructor and method overloading are also summarized.
Java 102 intro to object-oriented programming in javaagorolabs
This document provides an overview of object-oriented programming concepts in Java including classes, objects, encapsulation, inheritance, polymorphism and libraries. Key points include:
- Classes act as a blueprint for objects with properties and behaviors defined through fields and methods.
- Objects are instantiated from classes using the new keyword and represent unique instances of the class.
- Encapsulation protects data by restricting access to fields and providing public getters/setters.
- Inheritance allows new classes to extend existing classes, inheriting properties and behaviors while also allowing customization.
- Libraries provide reusable code through APIs while hiding implementation details from clients.
Programming approaches include procedural and object-oriented. The procedural approach breaks problems into smaller parts and solves each part separately. The object-oriented approach views problems as collections of real-world objects and their relationships.
Object-oriented programming terms include object, class, attribute, method, abstraction, inheritance, encapsulation, and polymorphism. Classes define common attributes and behaviors for objects. Inheritance allows classes to extend and generalize behaviors. Encapsulation hides unnecessary details from users. Polymorphism allows objects to behave differently in different contexts.
1. A class is a blueprint for objects that defines common properties and methods. It can include modifiers, name, superclass/interfaces, and a class body.
2. An object is created using the new keyword, assigning the object to a reference variable. Reference variables store an object's address in memory. Assigning one reference variable to another does not create distinct copies but points to the same object.
3. A method performs a specific task and can return a result. It includes modifiers, return type, name, parameters, and a method body. Method overloading allows methods with the same name but different parameters.
This document provides summaries of common Java interview questions. It discusses the differences between abstract classes and interfaces, checked and unchecked exceptions, user-defined exceptions, differences between C++ and Java, Java statements, JAR files, JNI, serialization, null interfaces, synchronized methods, singleton classes, compilation units, resource bundles, transient variables, the Collection API, iterators, observers and observables, synchronization, locks on classes, thread states, anonymous classes, primitive data types and their ranges.
This document discusses object serialization in Java. Serialization is the process of converting an object's state into a byte stream to store or transmit the object. Deserialization reconstructs the object from the byte stream. The Student class implements the Serializable interface, allowing its objects to be serialized. ObjectOutputStream writes objects to an output stream, while ObjectInputStream deserializes objects from an input stream and reconstructs the object. An example demonstrates serializing a Student object to a file and then deserializing and printing its attributes.
This document provides an introduction to the Java programming language. It discusses the history and components of Java, including the Java language, platform, and tools. It then explains some key Java concepts like object-oriented programming, classes, objects, inheritance, and interfaces. It provides examples of how to write a simple Java program and declare methods. It also compares static and instance members and discusses abstract classes and when to use interfaces versus abstract classes.
Digital Marketing Trends in 2024 | Guide for Staying AheadWask
https://www.wask.co/ebooks/digital-marketing-trends-in-2024
Feeling lost in the digital marketing whirlwind of 2024? Technology is changing, consumer habits are evolving, and staying ahead of the curve feels like a never-ending pursuit. This e-book is your compass. Dive into actionable insights to handle the complexities of modern marketing. From hyper-personalization to the power of user-generated content, learn how to build long-term relationships with your audience and unlock the secrets to success in the ever-shifting digital landscape.
Best 20 SEO Techniques To Improve Website Visibility In SERPPixlogix Infotech
Boost your website's visibility with proven SEO techniques! Our latest blog dives into essential strategies to enhance your online presence, increase traffic, and rank higher on search engines. From keyword optimization to quality content creation, learn how to make your site stand out in the crowded digital landscape. Discover actionable tips and expert insights to elevate your SEO game.
Driving Business Innovation: Latest Generative AI Advancements & Success StorySafe Software
Are you ready to revolutionize how you handle data? Join us for a webinar where we’ll bring you up to speed with the latest advancements in Generative AI technology and discover how leveraging FME with tools from giants like Google Gemini, Amazon, and Microsoft OpenAI can supercharge your workflow efficiency.
During the hour, we’ll take you through:
Guest Speaker Segment with Hannah Barrington: Dive into the world of dynamic real estate marketing with Hannah, the Marketing Manager at Workspace Group. Hear firsthand how their team generates engaging descriptions for thousands of office units by integrating diverse data sources—from PDF floorplans to web pages—using FME transformers, like OpenAIVisionConnector and AnthropicVisionConnector. This use case will show you how GenAI can streamline content creation for marketing across the board.
Ollama Use Case: Learn how Scenario Specialist Dmitri Bagh has utilized Ollama within FME to input data, create custom models, and enhance security protocols. This segment will include demos to illustrate the full capabilities of FME in AI-driven processes.
Custom AI Models: Discover how to leverage FME to build personalized AI models using your data. Whether it’s populating a model with local data for added security or integrating public AI tools, find out how FME facilitates a versatile and secure approach to AI.
We’ll wrap up with a live Q&A session where you can engage with our experts on your specific use cases, and learn more about optimizing your data workflows with AI.
This webinar is ideal for professionals seeking to harness the power of AI within their data management systems while ensuring high levels of customization and security. Whether you're a novice or an expert, gain actionable insights and strategies to elevate your data processes. Join us to see how FME and AI can revolutionize how you work with data!
Fueling AI with Great Data with Airbyte WebinarZilliz
This talk will focus on how to collect data from a variety of sources, leveraging this data for RAG and other GenAI use cases, and finally charting your course to productionalization.
This presentation provides valuable insights into effective cost-saving techniques on AWS. Learn how to optimize your AWS resources by rightsizing, increasing elasticity, picking the right storage class, and choosing the best pricing model. Additionally, discover essential governance mechanisms to ensure continuous cost efficiency. Whether you are new to AWS or an experienced user, this presentation provides clear and practical tips to help you reduce your cloud costs and get the most out of your budget.
HCL Notes and Domino License Cost Reduction in the World of DLAUpanagenda
Webinar Recording: https://www.panagenda.com/webinars/hcl-notes-and-domino-license-cost-reduction-in-the-world-of-dlau/
The introduction of DLAU and the CCB & CCX licensing model caused quite a stir in the HCL community. As a Notes and Domino customer, you may have faced challenges with unexpected user counts and license costs. You probably have questions on how this new licensing approach works and how to benefit from it. Most importantly, you likely have budget constraints and want to save money where possible. Don’t worry, we can help with all of this!
We’ll show you how to fix common misconfigurations that cause higher-than-expected user counts, and how to identify accounts which you can deactivate to save money. There are also frequent patterns that can cause unnecessary cost, like using a person document instead of a mail-in for shared mailboxes. We’ll provide examples and solutions for those as well. And naturally we’ll explain the new licensing model.
Join HCL Ambassador Marc Thomas in this webinar with a special guest appearance from Franz Walder. It will give you the tools and know-how to stay on top of what is going on with Domino licensing. You will be able lower your cost through an optimized configuration and keep it low going forward.
These topics will be covered
- Reducing license cost by finding and fixing misconfigurations and superfluous accounts
- How do CCB and CCX licenses really work?
- Understanding the DLAU tool and how to best utilize it
- Tips for common problem areas, like team mailboxes, functional/test users, etc
- Practical examples and best practices to implement right away
Introduction of Cybersecurity with OSS at Code Europe 2024Hiroshi SHIBATA
I develop the Ruby programming language, RubyGems, and Bundler, which are package managers for Ruby. Today, I will introduce how to enhance the security of your application using open-source software (OSS) examples from Ruby and RubyGems.
The first topic is CVE (Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures). I have published CVEs many times. But what exactly is a CVE? I'll provide a basic understanding of CVEs and explain how to detect and handle vulnerabilities in OSS.
Next, let's discuss package managers. Package managers play a critical role in the OSS ecosystem. I'll explain how to manage library dependencies in your application.
I'll share insights into how the Ruby and RubyGems core team works to keep our ecosystem safe. By the end of this talk, you'll have a better understanding of how to safeguard your code.
Programming Foundation Models with DSPy - Meetup SlidesZilliz
Prompting language models is hard, while programming language models is easy. In this talk, I will discuss the state-of-the-art framework DSPy for programming foundation models with its powerful optimizers and runtime constraint system.
zkStudyClub - LatticeFold: A Lattice-based Folding Scheme and its Application...Alex Pruden
Folding is a recent technique for building efficient recursive SNARKs. Several elegant folding protocols have been proposed, such as Nova, Supernova, Hypernova, Protostar, and others. However, all of them rely on an additively homomorphic commitment scheme based on discrete log, and are therefore not post-quantum secure. In this work we present LatticeFold, the first lattice-based folding protocol based on the Module SIS problem. This folding protocol naturally leads to an efficient recursive lattice-based SNARK and an efficient PCD scheme. LatticeFold supports folding low-degree relations, such as R1CS, as well as high-degree relations, such as CCS. The key challenge is to construct a secure folding protocol that works with the Ajtai commitment scheme. The difficulty, is ensuring that extracted witnesses are low norm through many rounds of folding. We present a novel technique using the sumcheck protocol to ensure that extracted witnesses are always low norm no matter how many rounds of folding are used. Our evaluation of the final proof system suggests that it is as performant as Hypernova, while providing post-quantum security.
Paper Link: https://eprint.iacr.org/2024/257
leewayhertz.com-AI in predictive maintenance Use cases technologies benefits ...alexjohnson7307
Predictive maintenance is a proactive approach that anticipates equipment failures before they happen. At the forefront of this innovative strategy is Artificial Intelligence (AI), which brings unprecedented precision and efficiency. AI in predictive maintenance is transforming industries by reducing downtime, minimizing costs, and enhancing productivity.
TrustArc Webinar - 2024 Global Privacy SurveyTrustArc
How does your privacy program stack up against your peers? What challenges are privacy teams tackling and prioritizing in 2024?
In the fifth annual Global Privacy Benchmarks Survey, we asked over 1,800 global privacy professionals and business executives to share their perspectives on the current state of privacy inside and outside of their organizations. This year’s report focused on emerging areas of importance for privacy and compliance professionals, including considerations and implications of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies, building brand trust, and different approaches for achieving higher privacy competence scores.
See how organizational priorities and strategic approaches to data security and privacy are evolving around the globe.
This webinar will review:
- The top 10 privacy insights from the fifth annual Global Privacy Benchmarks Survey
- The top challenges for privacy leaders, practitioners, and organizations in 2024
- Key themes to consider in developing and maintaining your privacy program
FREE A4 Cyber Security Awareness Posters-Social Engineering part 3Data Hops
Free A4 downloadable and printable Cyber Security, Social Engineering Safety and security Training Posters . Promote security awareness in the home or workplace. Lock them Out From training providers datahops.com
Skybuffer AI: Advanced Conversational and Generative AI Solution on SAP Busin...Tatiana Kojar
Skybuffer AI, built on the robust SAP Business Technology Platform (SAP BTP), is the latest and most advanced version of our AI development, reaffirming our commitment to delivering top-tier AI solutions. Skybuffer AI harnesses all the innovative capabilities of the SAP BTP in the AI domain, from Conversational AI to cutting-edge Generative AI and Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG). It also helps SAP customers safeguard their investments into SAP Conversational AI and ensure a seamless, one-click transition to SAP Business AI.
With Skybuffer AI, various AI models can be integrated into a single communication channel such as Microsoft Teams. This integration empowers business users with insights drawn from SAP backend systems, enterprise documents, and the expansive knowledge of Generative AI. And the best part of it is that it is all managed through our intuitive no-code Action Server interface, requiring no extensive coding knowledge and making the advanced AI accessible to more users.
Digital Banking in the Cloud: How Citizens Bank Unlocked Their MainframePrecisely
Inconsistent user experience and siloed data, high costs, and changing customer expectations – Citizens Bank was experiencing these challenges while it was attempting to deliver a superior digital banking experience for its clients. Its core banking applications run on the mainframe and Citizens was using legacy utilities to get the critical mainframe data to feed customer-facing channels, like call centers, web, and mobile. Ultimately, this led to higher operating costs (MIPS), delayed response times, and longer time to market.
Ever-changing customer expectations demand more modern digital experiences, and the bank needed to find a solution that could provide real-time data to its customer channels with low latency and operating costs. Join this session to learn how Citizens is leveraging Precisely to replicate mainframe data to its customer channels and deliver on their “modern digital bank” experiences.
Monitoring and Managing Anomaly Detection on OpenShift.pdfTosin Akinosho
Monitoring and Managing Anomaly Detection on OpenShift
Overview
Dive into the world of anomaly detection on edge devices with our comprehensive hands-on tutorial. This SlideShare presentation will guide you through the entire process, from data collection and model training to edge deployment and real-time monitoring. Perfect for those looking to implement robust anomaly detection systems on resource-constrained IoT/edge devices.
Key Topics Covered
1. Introduction to Anomaly Detection
- Understand the fundamentals of anomaly detection and its importance in identifying unusual behavior or failures in systems.
2. Understanding Edge (IoT)
- Learn about edge computing and IoT, and how they enable real-time data processing and decision-making at the source.
3. What is ArgoCD?
- Discover ArgoCD, a declarative, GitOps continuous delivery tool for Kubernetes, and its role in deploying applications on edge devices.
4. Deployment Using ArgoCD for Edge Devices
- Step-by-step guide on deploying anomaly detection models on edge devices using ArgoCD.
5. Introduction to Apache Kafka and S3
- Explore Apache Kafka for real-time data streaming and Amazon S3 for scalable storage solutions.
6. Viewing Kafka Messages in the Data Lake
- Learn how to view and analyze Kafka messages stored in a data lake for better insights.
7. What is Prometheus?
- Get to know Prometheus, an open-source monitoring and alerting toolkit, and its application in monitoring edge devices.
8. Monitoring Application Metrics with Prometheus
- Detailed instructions on setting up Prometheus to monitor the performance and health of your anomaly detection system.
9. What is Camel K?
- Introduction to Camel K, a lightweight integration framework built on Apache Camel, designed for Kubernetes.
10. Configuring Camel K Integrations for Data Pipelines
- Learn how to configure Camel K for seamless data pipeline integrations in your anomaly detection workflow.
11. What is a Jupyter Notebook?
- Overview of Jupyter Notebooks, an open-source web application for creating and sharing documents with live code, equations, visualizations, and narrative text.
12. Jupyter Notebooks with Code Examples
- Hands-on examples and code snippets in Jupyter Notebooks to help you implement and test anomaly detection models.
Your One-Stop Shop for Python Success: Top 10 US Python Development Providersakankshawande
Simplify your search for a reliable Python development partner! This list presents the top 10 trusted US providers offering comprehensive Python development services, ensuring your project's success from conception to completion.
Your One-Stop Shop for Python Success: Top 10 US Python Development Providers
Java core - Detailed Overview
1. Java
http://thebuddhatree.blogspot.in/
1. Introduction to Computers and Java
• Introduction
• Computers: Hardware and Software
• Machine Languages, Assembly Languages
and High- Level Languages
• Introduction to Object Technology
• Operating Systems
• Programming Languages
• Java Development Environment
• Test-Driving Java Application
2. Introduction to Java Applications
• Introduction
• Write Your First Program in Java
• Modifying Your First Java Program
• Displaying Text
• Adding Integers
• Memory Concepts
• Arithmetic
• Decision Making: Equality and Relational
• Conditional Operators
3. Introduction to Classes, Objects, Methods and Strings
• Introduction
• Declaring Class with Method and Instantiating
Object of a Class
• Declaring a Method with Parameter
• Instance Variables, set getter Methods
• Primitive vs. Reference Types
• Initializing Objects with Constructors
• Floating-Point Numbers and double
4. Control Statements: Part 1
• Introduction
• Algorithms
• Control Structures
• if Statement
• if...else Statement
• while Statement
• Compound Assignment Operators
• Increment and Decrement Operators
• Primitive Types
2. Java
http://thebuddhatree.blogspot.in/
5. Control Statements: Part 2
• Introduction
• Essentials of Counter-Controlled Repetition
• for Repetition Statement
• Examples Using the for Statement
• do...while Repetition Statement
• switch Multiple-Selection Statement
• break and continue Statements
• Logical Operators
• Structured Programming Summary
5. Methods
• Introduction
• Program Modules in Java
• static Methods and static Fields
• Methods with Multiple Parameters
• Method-Call Stack and Activation Records
• Argument Promotion and Casting
• Java API Packages
• Scope of Declarations
• Method Overloading
7. Arrays and ArrayLists
• Introduction
• Arrays
• Declaring and Creating Arrays
• Arrays Examples
• Enhanced for Statement
• Passing Arrays to Methods
• Multidimensional Arrays
• Variable-Length Argument
• Using Command-Line Arguments
• Class Arrays
• Collections and Class ArrayList
8. Classes and Objects: In Detail
• Introduction
• Controlling Access to Members
• Referring to the Current Object’s Members with this
Reference
• Overloaded Constructors
• Default and No-Argument Constructors
• Setter and Getter Methods
• Composition & Enumerations
• Garbage Collection and Method finalize
• static Class Members
• static Import
• final Instance Variables
• Creating & Accessing package
3. Java
http://thebuddhatree.blogspot.in/
9. Inheritance
• Introduction
• Superclass and Subclass
• protected Members
• Relationship between Superclass and Subclass
• Constructors in Subclasses
• Class Object
10. Polymorphism
• Introduction
• Polymorphism Examples
• Polymorphic Behavior
• Abstract Class and Method
• final Method and Class
• Using Interfaces
11. Exception Handling
• Introduction
• Example: Divide by Zero
• When to Use Exception Handling
• Java Exception Hierarchy
• finally Block
• Obtaining Information from an Exception Object
• Chained Exceptions
• Declaring New Exception Types
• Preconditions and Post-conditions
12. Strings, Characters and Regular Expressions
• Introduction
• Fundamentals of Characters and Strings
• Class String
• String operation
• Class Character
• Tokenizing Strings
• Regular Expressions, Class Pattern and Class
Matcher
13. Files, Streams and Object Serialization
• Introduction
• Files and Streams
• Class File
• Sequential-Access Text Files
• Object Serialization
• Additional java.io Classes
4. Java
http://thebuddhatree.blogspot.in/
14. Generic Collections
• Introduction
• Collections Overview
• Type-Wrapper Classes for Primitive Types
• Autoboxing and Auto-Unboxing
• Interface Collection and Class Collections
• Lists
• Collections Methods
• Sets
• Maps
• Properties Class
• Synchronized Collections
• Un-modifiable Collections
• Abstract Implementations
14. Generic Classes and Methods
• Introduction
• Motivation for Generic Methods
• Generic Methods: Implementation and Compile-Time
Translation
• Additional Compile-Time Translation Issues: Methods
That Use a Type Parameter as the Return Type
• Overloading Generic Methods
• Generic Classes
5. Introduction to Java
http://thebuddhatree.blogspot.in/
o The Java programming language is a high-level language that can be characterized by all of the following
buzzwords:
• Simple
• Object oriented
• Distributed
• Multithreaded
• Dynamic
• Architecture neutral
• Portable
• High performance
• Robust
• Secure
o In Java, source code or program is written in plain text files ending with the .java extension.
o These files are then compiled into .class files by the java compiler.
o A .class file contains bytecodes — the machine language of the Java Virtual Machine (Java VM).
6. Introduction to Java
http://thebuddhatree.blogspot.in/
o The java launcher tool then runs the program with an instance of the Java Virtual Machine.
o Java VM is available on many different operating systems, the same .class files are capable of running
on multiple hardware platform.
o Java Platform - A platform is the hardware or software environment in which a program runs like
Microsoft Windows, Linux, Solaris OS, and Mac OS. Java is a software-only platform that runs on top of
other hardware-based platforms. It has two components –
• The Java Virtual Machine
• The Java Application Programming Interface (API)
o Install JDK
o Install Eclipse
o Write hello Java program
7. Introduction to Java
http://thebuddhatree.blogspot.in/
class HelloWorldApp {
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println("Hello World!"); }
}
it's the entry point for your application and will subsequently invoke all the other methods required by your
program.
Comments
o/* text */ - The compiler ignores everything from /* to */
o/** documentation */ - This indicates a documentation comment.
o// text The compiler ignores everything from // to the end of the line.
8. Variables
http://thebuddhatree.blogspot.in/
A variable provides us with named storage that our programs can manipulate. Each variable in Java has a
specific type, which determines the size and layout of the variable's memory; the range of values that can
be stored within that memory; and the set of operations that can be applied to the variable.
Java defines following kind of variables –
oInstance Variables (Non-Static Fields) - called as instance variables because their values are unique to
each instance of a class (to each object). Declared in class but outside a method, constructor or code block.
oClass Variables (Static Fields) - A class variable is any field declared with the static modifier; this tells the
compiler that there is exactly one copy of this variable in existence, regardless of how many times the class
has been instantiated.
oLocal Variables - a method will often store its temporary state in local variables. local variables are only
visible to the methods in which they are declared; they are not accessible from the rest of the class.
oParameters The important thing to remember is that parameters are always classified as "variables" not
"fields".
Naming Convention of variable –
oVariable names are case-sensitive
oA variable's name can be any legal identifier — an unlimited-length sequence of Unicode letters and
digits, beginning with a letter, the dollar sign "$", or the underscore character "_“
oWhite space is not permitted
9. Variables – Primitive Data Type
http://thebuddhatree.blogspot.in/
Java defines following kind of variables –
obyte: The byte data type is an 8-bit. It has a minimum value of -128 and a maximum value of 127
(inclusive).
oshort: The short data type is a 16-bit signed two's complement integer. It has a minimum value of -32,768
and a maximum value of 32,767 (inclusive).
oint: The int data type is a 32-bit signed two's complement integer. It has a minimum value of
-2,147,483,648 and a maximum value of 2,147,483,647 (inclusive).
olong: The long data type is a 64-bit signed two's complement integer. It has a minimum value of
-9,223,372,036,854,775,808 and a maximum value of 9,223,372,036,854,775,807 (inclusive).
ofloat: The float data type is a single-precision 32-bit.
odouble: The double data type is a double-precision 64-bit.
oboolean: The boolean data type has only two possible values: true and false. Use this data type for simple
flags that track true/false conditions.
ochar: The char data type is a single 16-bit Unicode character. It has a minimum value of 'u0000' (or 0) and
a maximum value of 'uffff' (or 65,535 inclusive).
10. Array
http://thebuddhatree.blogspot.in/
Java defines following kind of variables –
oAn array is a container object that holds a fixed number of values of a single type. The length of an array is
established when the array is created. After creation, its length is fixed.
oEach item in an array is called an element, and each element is accessed by its numerical index.
olength of the array is determined by the number of values provided between braces and separated by
commas.
o An array of 10 elements
Copying one array value to another array - Java provides arraycopy() method to copy data from one array
into another. Syntax –
arraycopy(Object src_array, int srcPos, Object dest_arrat, int destPos, int length)
Searching an array for a specific value to get the index at which it is placed (the binarySearch() method).
Comparing two arrays to determine if they are equal or not (the equals() method).
Filling an array to place a specific value at each index (the fill() method).
Sorting an array into ascending order.
11. Array
http://thebuddhatree.blogspot.in/
Array Manipulation
oSearching an array for a specific value to get the index at which it is placed (binarySearch() method)
oComparing two arrays to determine if they are equal or not (the equals() method)
oFilling an array to place a specific value at each index (the fill() method)
oSorting an array into ascending order
Operator
Simple Assignment Operator :
o = : , int I =10; //This assign the value on the right to variable on the left
Arithmetic :
o + : additive operator (also used for string concatenation)
o - : subtraction operator
o * : multiplication operator
o / : division operator
o % : remainder operator
Conditional Operators
o && : Conditional AND
o || : Conditional OR
12. Operator
http://thebuddhatree.blogspot.in/
Equality / Relational
o = = : equal to
o ! = : not equal to
o > : greater than
o > = : greater than on equal to
o < : less than
o < = : less than or equal to
Unary Operator
o + : Unary plus operator; indicates positive value (numbers are positive without this, however)
o - : Unary minus operator; negates an expression
o ++ : Increment operator; increments a value by 1
o -- : Decrement operator; decrements a value by 1
o ! : Logical complement operator; inverts the value of a boolean
13. Control Flow Statement
http://thebuddhatree.blogspot.in/
The statements inside source files are generally executed from top to bottom, in the order that they
appear. Control flow statements, however, break up the flow of execution by employing decision making,
looping, and branching, enabling your program to conditionally execute particular blocks of code.
oIf – then statement : It tells the program to execute a certain section of code only if a particular test
evaluates to true. Example –
if (condition) {
}
oIf – then - else statement : provides a secondary path of execution when an "if" clause evaluates to false.
Example –
if (condition) {
} else if (condition) {
}else {
}
14. Control Flow Statement
http://thebuddhatree.blogspot.in/
The switch statement - the switch statement can have a number of possible execution paths. Example -
int month = 8;
String monthString;
switch (month) {
case 1: monthString = "January";
break;
case 2: monthString = "February";
break;
The while and do-while Statements - The while statement continually executes a block of statements while
a particular condition is true. Its syntax can be expressed as:
while (expression) {
statement(s)
}
The difference between do-while and while is that do-while evaluates its expression at the bottom of the
loop instead of the top. Therefore, the statements within the do block are always executed at least once
do {
System.out.println("Count is: " + count);
count++;
} while (count < 11);
15. Control Flow Statement
http://thebuddhatree.blogspot.in/
The for statement - It provides a compact way to iterate over a range of values. often called as “for loop”.
Syntax –
for (initialization; termination; increment) {
statement(s)
}
oThe initialization expression initializes the loop, it's executed once, as the loop begins.
oWhen the termination expression evaluates to false, the loop terminates.
oThe increment expression is invoked after each iteration through the loop, it may increment or decrement
a value.
16. Object and Class
http://thebuddhatree.blogspot.in/
o Real-world objects share two characteristics: They all have state and behavior. E.g. Bicycles also have
state (current gear, current pedal cadence, current speed) and behavior (changing gear, changing pedal
cadence, applying brakes).
o An object stores its state in fields (variables in some programming languages) and exposes its behavior
through methods (functions in some programming languages). Methods operate on an object's internal
state and serve as the primary mechanism for object-to-object communication. Hiding internal state
and requiring all interaction to be performed through an object's methods is known as data
encapsulation
o Class - A class is the blueprint from which individual objects are created.
o In object-oriented terms, we say that your bicycle is an instance of the class of objects known as
bicycles.
17. Class
http://thebuddhatree.blogspot.in/
o class declarations includes following components -
• Modifiers such as public, private
• The class name, with the initial letter capitalized by convention
• The name of the class's parent (superclass), if any, preceded by the keyword extends. A class can
only extend (subclass) one parent
• A comma-separated list of interfaces implemented by the class, if any, preceded by the keyword
implements. A class can implement more than one interface.
• The class body, surrounded by braces, {}.
o Declaring member variable - Field declarations are composed of three components
• Zero or more modifiers, such as public or private
• The field's type
• The field's name
o Defining a method - A method declaration should have return type, name, a pair of parentheses, (), and
a body between braces, {}.
18. Class
http://thebuddhatree.blogspot.in/
o Overloading methods - methods within a class can have the same name if they have different
parameter lists
o Constructor - A class contains constructors that are invoked to create objects from the class blueprint.
Constructor declarations look like method declarations—except that they use the name of the class and
have no return type.
Passing information to a Method or a Constructor –
o When you declare a parameter to a method or a constructor, you provide a name for that parameter.
This name is used within the method body to refer to the passed-in argument.
o The name of a parameter must be unique in its scope. It cannot be the same as the name of another
parameter for the same method or constructor, and it cannot be the name of a local variable within the
method or constructor.
o A parameter can have the same name as one of the class's fields
Passing Primitive Data Type Arguments
o Primitive arguments, such as an int or a double, are passed into methods by value. Any changes to the
values of the parameters exist only within the scope of the method. When the method returns, the
parameters are gone and any changes to them are lost.
19. Class
http://thebuddhatree.blogspot.in/
o When you declare a parameter to a method or a constructor, you provide a name for that parameter.
This name is used within the method body to refer to the passed-in argument.
o The name of a parameter must be unique in its scope. It cannot be the same as the name of another
parameter for the same method or constructor, and it cannot be the name of a local variable within the
method or constructor.
o A parameter can have the same name as one of the class's fields
Passing Primitive Data Type Arguments
o Primitive arguments, such as an int or a double, are passed into methods by value. Any changes to the
values of the parameters exist only within the scope of the method. When the method returns, the
parameters are gone and any changes to them are lost.
Passing Reference Data Type Arguments
o Reference data type parameters, such as objects or array, are also passed into methods by value. This
means that when the method returns, the passed-in reference still references the same object as
before. However, the values of the object's fields can be changed in the method.
20. Object
http://thebuddhatree.blogspot.in/
A Java program creates many objects, which interact by invoking methods. Through these object
interactions, a program can carry out various tasks, such as implementing a GUI, running an animation, or
sending and receiving information over a network. Once an object has completed the work for which it was
created, its resources are recycled for use by other objects.
Creating objects –
Point originOne = new Point(23, 94);
Declaring a variable to Refer an object – This notifies the compiler that you will use name to refer to data
whose type is type
type name;
Instantiating a Class - The new operator instantiates a class by allocating memory for a new object and
returning a reference to that memory. The new operator also invokes the object constructor.
Point originOne = new Point(23, 94);
Initializing an object – constructor is called which initializes the member variable of class
Point originOne = new Point(23, 94);
21. Object
http://thebuddhatree.blogspot.in/
o Using Objects – Once an object is created, You may use the value of one of its fields, change one of its
fields, or call one of its methods to perform an action.
o Object fields are accessed by their name - objectReference.fieldName
o Calling an Object Method - Object method is invoked using objectreference.methodname() or
objectreference.methodname(argumentlist) and provide argument to the method into parenthesis.
Return a Value from Method - A method returns to the code that invoked it when it
• completes all the statements in the method,
• reaches a return statement, or
• throws an exception
• A method's return type is declared in its method declaration. Within the body of the method, the return
statement is used to return the value.
• A method declared void doesn't return a value. It does not need to contain a return statement
22. Inheritance
http://thebuddhatree.blogspot.in/
o It allows classes to inherit commonly used state and behavior from other classes.
o each class is allowed to have one direct superclass, and each superclass has the potential for an
unlimited number of subclasses:
o It defines an is-a relationship between a superclass and its subclasses. This means that an object of a
subclass can be used wherever an object of the superclass can be used. Class Inheritance in java
mechanism is used to build new classes from existing classes. The inheritance relationship is transitive:
if class x extends class y, then a class z, which extends class x, will also inherit from class y.
o The syntax for creating a subclass is simple. At the beginning of your class declaration, use the extends
keyword, followed by the name of the class to inherit from:
class MountainBike extends Bicycle {
// new fields and methods defining a mountain bike would go here
}
23. Inheritance
http://thebuddhatree.blogspot.in/
A hierarchy of bicycle classes
o Private members of the superclass are not inherited by the subclass and can only be indirectly
accessed.
o Members that have default accessibility in the superclass are also not inherited by subclasses in
other packages, as these members are only accessible by their simple names in subclasses within the
same package as the superclass.
o Since constructors and initializer blocks are not members of a class, they are not inherited by a
subclass.
o A subclass can extend only one superclass
24. Inheritance – this & super
http://thebuddhatree.blogspot.in/
o The two keywords, this and super to help you explicitly name the field or method that you want. Using
this and super you have full control on whether to call a method or field present in the same class or to
call from the immediate superclass. This keyword is used as a reference to the current object which is
an instance of the current class. The keyword super also references the current object, but as an
instance of the current class’s super class.
o Note that the this reference cannot be used in a static context, as static code is not executed in the
context of any object.
25. Interface & Abstract Class
http://thebuddhatree.blogspot.in/
o Abstract classes are used to declare common characteristics of subclasses.
o An abstract class cannot be instantiated.
o It can only be used as a superclass for other classes that extend the abstract class.
o Abstract classes are declared with the abstract keyword.
o It is used to provide a template or design for concrete subclasses down the inheritance tree.
o An abstract class can include methods that contain no implementation. These are called abstract
methods. The abstract method declaration must then end with a semicolon rather than a block.
o Syntax to create abstract class -
abstract class Vehicle {
int numofGears;
String color;
abstract boolean hasDiskBrake();
abstract int getNoofGears();
}
oA big Disadvantage of using abstract classes is not able to use multiple inheritance.
26. Interface & Abstract Class
http://thebuddhatree.blogspot.in/
o Interface is used to define a generic template and then one or more abstract classes to define partial
implementations of the interface.
o Interfaces just specify the method declaration (implicitly public and abstract) and can only contain fields
(which are implicitly public static final). Interface definition begins with a keyword interface.
o An interface can not be instantiated.
o Java does not support multiple inheritance, but it allows you to extend one class and implement many
interfaces.
o If a class that implements an interface does not define all the methods of the interface, then it must be
declared abstract and the method definitions must be provided by the subclass that extends the
abstract class.
o Syntax to create interface -
interface Shape {
public double area();
public double volume();
}
27. Exception Handling
http://thebuddhatree.blogspot.in/
Exceptions in java is a condition that is caused by a run-time error in the program. Java creates an
exception object and throws. Most common run-time errors are –
o Dividing an integer by zero
o Accessing an element that is out of the bounds of an array
o Attempting to use a negative size of an array
o Converting invalid string to a number
o File not found
Common Java Exceptions
o ArithmeticException – Caused by main errors such as division by zero
o ArrayIndexOutOfBoundException – Caused by bad array indexes
o FileNotFoundException – Caused by an attempt to access a nonexistent file
o IOException - Caused by general I/O failures
o NullPointerException – Caused by referencing a null object
o StringIndexOutOfBoundsException – Caused when a program attempts to access a nonexistent
character position in a string
29. Exception Handling
http://thebuddhatree.blogspot.in/
checked exception - Exceptional conditions that a well-written application should anticipate and recover
from. Checked exceptions are subject to the Catch or Specify Requirement. All exceptions are checked
exceptions, except for those indicated by Error.
Error - These are exceptional conditions that are external to the application, and that the application
usually cannot anticipate or recover from. For example, a hardware or system malfunction.
Runtime Exception - These are exceptional conditions that are internal to the application, and that the
application usually cannot anticipate or recover from. These usually indicate programming bugs, such as
logic errors or improper use of an API.
31. Collection Framework - Introduction
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o A collection represents a group of objects, known as its elements. This framework is provided in the
java.util package.
o Objects can be stored, retrieved, and manipulated as elements of collections.
o Collection is a Java Interface. It can be used in various scenarios like Storing phone numbers, Employee
names database etc. They are basically used to group multiple elements into a single unit.
o Some collections allow duplicate elements while others do not.
o Some collections are ordered and others are not.
o A Collections Framework mainly contains the following 3 parts
o A Collections Framework is defined by a set of interfaces, concrete class implementations for most of
the interfaces and a set of standard utility methods and algorithms. In addition, the framework also
provides several abstract implementations, which are designed to make it easier for you to create new
and different implementations for handling collections of data.
32. Collection Framework – Interface Details
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Core Collection Interfaces
The core interfaces that define common functionality and allow collections to be manipulated independent
of their implementation. The 6 core Interfaces used in the Collection framework are:
1. Collection
2. Set
3. List
4. SortedSet
5. Map
6. SortedMap
7. Iterator (Not a part of the Collections Framework)
Note: Collection and Map are the two top-level interfaces.
35. Collection Detail
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ArrayLilst
oArrayList supports dynamic arrays that can grow as needed.
oArray lists are created with an initial size. When this size is exceeded, the collection is automatically
enlarged. When objects are removed, the array may be shrunk.
oIt stores an “ordered” group of elements where duplicates are allowed.
oAccessing elements are faster with ArrayList, because it is index based.
oList arraylistA = new ArrayList();
LinkedList
oIt provides a doubly linked-list data structure.
oA LinkedList is used to store an “ordered” group of elements where duplicates are allowed.
oList linkedListA = new LinkedList();
oIt is slow access.
Vector
oimplements a grow able array of objects. Like an array, it contains components that can be accessed using
an integer index. However, the size of a Vector can grow or shrink as needed to accommodate adding and
removing items after the Vector has been created.
36. Collection Detail
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HashSet
oThe HashSet class implements the Set interface
oit does not guarantee that the order will remain constant over time.
HashMap
oHashMap is a implementation of the Map interface.
oIt stores data in key-value mapping
oThis class makes no guarantees as to the order of the map
oThis implementation provides constant-time performance for the basic operations (get and put)
37. Access Specifier
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o The access to classes, constructors, methods and fields are regulated using access modifiers i.e. a class
can control what information or data can be accessible by other classes.
o To take advantage of encapsulation, access should be minimized whenever possible.
o Public - Fields, methods and constructors declared public are visible to any class in the Java program,
whether these classes are in the same package or in another package.
o Private - Fields, methods or constructors declared private are strictly controlled, which means they
cannot be accesses by anywhere outside the enclosing class. A standard design strategy is to make all
fields private and provide public getter methods for them.
o protected - Fields, methods and constructors declared protected in a superclass can be accessed only by
subclasses in other packages. Classes in the same package can also access protected fields, methods and
constructors as well, even if they are not a subclass of the protected member’s class.
o default - Java provides a default specifier which is used when no access modifier is present. Any class,
field, method or constructor that has no declared access modifier is accessible only by classes in the
same package. The default modifier is not used for fields and methods within an interface.
38. Multithreading
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o Java provides built-in support for multithreaded programming. A multithreaded program contains two
or more parts that can run concurrently. Each part of such a program is called a thread, and each thread
defines a separate path of execution.
o A multithreading is a specialized form of multitasking.
o A process consists of the memory space allocated by the operating system that can contain one or more
threads. A thread cannot exist on its own; it must be a part of a process. A process remains running until
all of the non-daemon threads are done executing.
o Thread can be created in two ways –
1. Create Thread by Implementing Runnable interface – Define a class that implements Runnable
interface. Define run() method with the code to be executed by the thread.
2. Create Thread by Extending Thread – Define a class that extends Thread class and override run()
method.
39. Multithreading ..
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Life Cycle of a Thread -
1. Newborn State: When thread object is created, the thread is born and is said to be in newborn
state. At this state, we can do things –
Schedule it for running using start() method
Kill it using stop() method
2. Runnable State : The thread is ready for execution and is waiting for the availability of the
processor. Yield() method is used to allow a thread to relinquish control to another thread of
equal priority before its turn comes.
3. Running State: it means processor has given its time to the thread for execution. The thread runs
until it relinquishes control on its own or it is preempted by a higher priority thread.
A thread can be suspended using suspended() method and can be revived using resumed
method. This is useful when we want to stop execution of a thread for some time but do not
want to kill it.
A thread is made to go out of queue using sleep(millisecond) method, it will be back in
runnable state as soon as time period is elapsed.
40. Multithreading …
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4. Blocked State: A blocked thread is considered not runnable but not dead and therefore fully
qualified to run again. This happens when a thread is suspended, sleeping or waiting.
5. Dead State : A running thread ends its life when it has completed executing its run() method. It is
natural death. We can kill a thread by sending stop() method.
Thread Priorities
oEvery Java thread has a priority that helps the operating system determine the order in which threads are
scheduled.
oJava priorities are in the range between MIN_PRIORITY (a constant of 1) and MAX_PRIORITY (a constant
of 10). By default, every thread is given priority NORM_PRIORITY (a constant of 5).
oThreads with higher priority are more important to a program and should be allocated processor time
before lower-priority threads. However, thread priorities cannot guarantee the order in which threads
execute and very much platform dependentant.
41. Thank You!!
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