The document contains questions about the musculoskeletal system, including bones, joints, muscles, and connective tissues. It asks the reader to identify structures like the femur and scapula, explain their functions. Questions also cover the classification of bones, types of joints like ball-and-socket and their movements, as well as muscles, planes of movement, cardiovascular and respiratory systems, fitness components, health, nutrition and more. The document appears to be a workbook or study guide for a sports science or anatomy exam.

1. Retrieval Work Book
AQA Paper 1

2. Quick Fire Questions – Retrieval Questions - Musculoskeletal System
1 Can you list the 6 functions of the Skeleton?
Starter Letter Included
P
S
S
S
B
M
2 What function do the following bones/areas
primarily provide the human body? Cranium =
Femur =
Scapula =
Elbow Joint =
Patella =
Rib Cage =
3 For a further mark explain using a sporting
example how one of the bones listed in question 2
helps the human body?
Named Bone
Example
4 Where are the 4 joint locations in the human body
you need to know?
1
2
3
4

3. 5 There are 3 types of bone (classification of bone)
you need to know, what are they?
F
S
L
6 What type of bone (classification) are the following
bones?
Cranium
Femur
Ulna
Ribs
Sternum
Talus
7 Choose one type of bone (classification) and
explain one of it’s primary function (role) in the
human body?
Tip – Fuction = Job
Bone Name =
Bone Type =
A function of this bone

4. 8 How many of the bones in this diagram can you
label? Add your own arrows.

5. 9 The longest bone in the body is the ____________.
It has several functions can you identify at least two
of them?
Bone Name:
Function 1
Function 2
10 Where in the human body can you find a hinge
joint and what types of movement are possible at
these joints?
Locations of a hinge Joint
Types of movement possible at a hinge joint
12 Can you provide a sporting example of a hinge
joint in action?
Sporting action example
13 Where in the human body are the ball and socket
joints located? A diagram with a clue is provided.
Location Location

6. 14 What range of movement do you get at a typical
ball and socket joint?
Degrees of Movement
15 What 6 types of movement occur at a typical ball
and socket joint?
A Letter starter provided for each type of movement.
F A
E A
C
R
16 When performing an overarm bowl in cricket you
are using a ball and socket joint, can you come up
with another exercise or sporting action example of
the ball and socket joint in action?
Sporting action example
17 What is the role of synovial fluid in the joint?

7. 18 Label the synovial joint of the knee in the diagram
opposite.

8. 19 What is the role or function of a joint?
20 When performing a jump shot in basketball, our
toes plantar flex to enable us to jump in the air. What
is the opposite movement of
Plantar Flexion
Opposite Movement
21 What are the 8 types of movement that can occur
at a hinge or ball and socket joint?
E F
C R
A A
P D
22 What type of movement occurs at the knee when
you kick a football?

9. 23 How many muscles can you label from the
diagram opposite?

10. 24 Muscle groups work in antagonistic pairs, can you
name one pair of muscle groups that work
together to move a limb of the body?
25 Connective tissue at joints and at muscle origins
are important for movement, what are the three
types of connective tissue you need to know?
26 Can you identify one role for each of the types of
connective tissue?
Connective Tissue Role
Connective Tissue Role
Connective Tissue Role
27 What is the name of a common injury that can
occur when one of these connective tissues tears?
Two Examples in this illustration?

11. 28 When performing a bicep curl what muscle is the
agonist or prime mover?
29 When extending the arm at the end of the bicep
curl, which muscle group is the prime mover and
which muscle group is the antagonist muscle
group?
30 Kicking a football and straightening the leg at the
knee involves two muscle groups working
together, what are they?
Muscle group
Muscle Group
31 If the gastrocnemius muscle is contracted,
what is your body doing?

12. 36 When performing a press up, from floor to up,
what type of movement is occurring at the elbow?
37 When performing a press up, from floor to up,
what muscle is the agonist/prime mover muscle
during this action?
38 What movement is occurring in the illustration
opposite?
39 What is the opposite movement to this?

13. 32 What type of movement is demonstrated in the
standing vertical jump, at the knee and elbow?
33 Which three bones connect at the knee joint?
34 What is a joint?
35 How does connective tissue help with
movement at a joint? Explain your answer.

14. 36 There are 3 classifications of levers, and all 3 are
found within the human body. Which lever type are
the following sporting actions?
37 What is mechanical advantage?

15. 38 Planes and axis of movement come as pairs.
There are 3 planes and axis of movement pairs,
can you identify them from the mnemonic on the
opposite page?
Freddie Stole Sweets To Trick Larry
39 Can you identify the plane and axis of movement
from the illustration opposite?

16. 40 There are two types of respiration occurring in
the human body. Aerobic and anaerobic
respiration. Can you write down both definitions
(equations).
Aerobic Respiration
Anaerobic Respiration
41 Does a 400m runner use aerobic or anaerobic
when racing? Explain your answer.

17. 42 Label the respiratory diagram opposite.
43 Can you briefly explain the pathway of air from
breathing in, to reaching its final destination in the
capillaries. Bullet points will do.

18. 44 What is happening in the diagram opposite?
Give a brief description of this process.
45 What happens to the diaphragm and
intercostal muscles when we breathe in and out?
Give a brief summary of how the two work together.

19. 46 Breathing in is known as what?
47 Breathing out is known as?
48 What are the 3 main types of vessels you need
to know about in the human body?
49 Can you label the 4 chambers of the heart
opposite?
1
2
3
4
1 2
3 4

20. 50 Can you label and then explain the pathway of
blood from lungs to heart and back to lungs again.
Use the diagram below to help you.
label and then Explain Flow of blood

21. 50.1 Can you write a brief description or definition
for the following terms. Deoxygenated blood
Oxygenated blood
Aorta
Cardiac Output (Q)
Vena Cava
Pulmonary Artery
Pulmonary Vein
Systolic
Diastolic
50.2 Can you explain / define these exercise related
Cardiovascular terms? HR
BPM
MHR

22. 51 Fitness cannot be described as one element. Mo
Farah is not fitter than Anthony Joshua because he
can run faster or for longer than AJ. As AJ will be
stronger and more powerful and far more
coordinated and maybe even agile than Mo Farah.
So with this in mind 🡻
How many of the fitness components can you
list?
1 2
3 4
5 6
7 8
9 10
52 If you are footballer performing an overhead
bicycle kick what components of fitness will you need
to perform this action successfully?

23. 53 Definition of Agility is
54 Definition of Flexibility is
55 What fitness test is shown in the illustration
opposite?
56 What fitness test is shown in the illustration
opposite?

24. 57 What components of fitness do the following
tests belong with? 30m Sprint Test Drop Stick Ruler Test
Multi Stage Fitness Test Standing Broad Jump
Illinois Agility Run One Rep Max Test
58 Choose one of these tests and explain how you
would run the test and what equipment is needed.
59 Is this test an accurate way to test this
component of fitness? Explain your answer.

25. 60 What are the potential problems with this test 🡺
61 Why do coaches and sports teams use fitness
testing? Give a reason why its important and
explain how testing can be used throughout the
year.

26. 62 Can you list the principles (rules) of training?
S
P O F
R I
T T
T
63 With reference to a named physical activity
explain why S from the principles of training is
important for improvements?
Named Physical Activity

27. 64 How can a weight lifter apply the principle of P &
O to training over a number of sessions?
Tip Don’t forget to include F. I. T. T. within your
answer.
65 What happens when you stop training? Why
might you have stopped training?
Tip: Mention R & T

28. 66 Health is made up several strands,
components and lifestyle choices, some good and
some bad. Using the diagram opposite identify as
many as you can.
67 What do we mean by a balanced diet?
Health

29. 68 Can you identify 3 negative lifestyle choices that
can lead to Diabetes or Heart disease?
1
2
3
69 What is a sedentary lifestyle? What can it lead
to in later life? Explain your answer.
70 What is the definition of health?
71 What is the definition of general fitness?

30. 72 Energy is measured in what?
73 What energy requirements are needed for a
healthy adult male and female per day?
74 Being obese can be dangerous for you long term
health. What is obesity, how is it defined and what
can its effects be?
75 How can being overweight impact on your
sporting performance?

31. 76 There are 3 extreme body types what are they?
77 Can you now put a sports person to each one
of these body types? Remember back to the
Functions of the Skeleton (Shape). How body shape
can determine our sporting interests.

32. 78 What 3 ways can you look to improve your
fitness? Look at lifestyle, training and health aspects
for your inspiration.
1
2
3
79 What is a spirometer trace and what does it tell
us?
80 Can you label the Spirometer trace graph
opposite?

33. 81 Hydration is important for sports performers
before and after exercise. What are potential effects
of dehydration on your performance, and on your
body?
82 Why would it be important for an athlete or
sportsperson to ensure they have eaten and
hydrated adequately prior to exercise?

34. 83 What is a balanced diet? Talk through energy
needs and the component requirements for daily
intake.
84 What type of diet would a Tour de France
cyclist need when competing in the hills over 3
weeks, with a daily calorie requirement of over 6000.

35. 85 What are the benefits of taking part in regular
exercise?
Tips for your answer;
Body
Social
Mental
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
86 What are the immediate effects of exercise?
(Post exercise)

36. 87 What are Long Term the benefits of taking part
in regular exercise?
88 Regularly training in the Aerobic Training Zone
can lead to improved what?

37. 89 Taking part in regular exercise can reduce the
risk of injuries compared to if you took part
occasionally. Why do you think this is the case?
90 What is DOMs? D
O
M
S
91 How can athletes and coaches reduce the impact
of DOMS on sportspeople?
What actions or routines could you use?

38. 92 Why do we get a build up of lactic acid when
taking part in certain sporting activities?
93 List 4 Anaerobic exercise Activities?
1
2
3
4
94 List 4 Aerobic exercise activities?
1
2
3
4

39. 95 Why do we need to warm up prior to
exercise?
Explain your answer.
96 Describe a short warm up split into distinct
sections.
97 Why would static stretching and plyometrics be
useful as part of a warm up? Give a reason for each
activity and its relevance to sport.

40. 98 Why is continuous training ideal for endurance
athletes?
99 Circuit training is a great way of improving
several fitness components, but what are the
disadvantages of circuit training?
100 Fartlek training can be continuous or interval
based, depending on how you have planned it. How
could you make Fartlek training continuous?
101 Weight training is a good way of improving
what components of fitness?
102 What two types of training would a rugby
player use during pre-season.? Briefly explain your
answer.