The document discusses question tags in Gujarati. It explains that a question tag is used to seek confirmation or agreement from the listener about a statement. It provides examples of positive and negative statements along with their corresponding question tags. The document also discusses the different types of question tags used with statements in simple present, simple past and simple future tenses. Finally, it discusses some common phrase prepositions in English and their meanings along with examples.

1. Question Tag
Question tag નો ગજુરાતી અર્થ ખરુ કે નહી? , બરાબર? એવો ર્ાય છે.
ðkõÞ nfkh nkuÞ íkku Question Tag Lkfkh çkLku Au. yLku ðkõÞ Lkfkh nkuÞ íkku Question
Tag nfkh çkLku Au. íkuLkk ÃkAe fíkko rð¼ÂõíkLkwt ÃkwÁ»k ðk[f MkðoLkk{ {wfkÞ Au.
ðkõÞ{kt MknkÞfkhf r¢ÞkÃkË ykÃku÷ nkuÞ íkku ‘Question Tag’ {qfðwt ðÄw Mkh¤ Au. su{
fu;
He is a doctor, isn’t he ?
ykðe heíku ykÃku÷ MknkÞfkhf r¢ÞkÃkËLkk ‘Question Tag’ yk heíku çkLku Au.
We are Lkwt aren’t we?
You are Lkwt aren’t you?
He is Lkwt is’t he?
íkuðe s heíku haven’t, hasn’t, hadn’t, wasn’t, weren’t, can’t, mayn’t, won’t, shan’t, couldn’t,
shouldn’t, wouldn’t, çkLkíkk nkuÞ Au.
Ãkhtíkw MkkËk ðíko{kLkfk¤{kt, MkkËk ¼qíkfk¤{kt yLku MkkËk ¼rð»Þfk¤{kt fktEf y÷øk
çkLku Question Tag Au.
MkkËku ðíko{kLkfk¤ :
MkkËk ðíko{kLkfk¤{kt MknkÞfkhf r¢ÞkÃkË ykÃku÷ nkuíkwt LkÚke {kxu íkuLkk ð[Lk {wsçk
Do fu Does {qfðk Ãkzu Au.
Ëk.ík., I play cricket, don’t I ?
Mr. Sanjay teaches English well, doesn’t he?
I do not like fruits, do I ?

2. íkuðe s heíku ‘am’ Lkwt ‘Question Tag ‘amn’t’ Úkíkwt LkÚke, Ãkhtíkw ‘ain’t’ yÚkðk
‘arent’t’ ÚkkÞ Au.
Ëk.ík., I am a Teacher, arent’ I ?
I am not a doctor, am I ?
MkkËku ¼wíkfk¤ :
MkkËk ¼wíkfk¤{kt Was ykÃÞwt nkuÞ íkku wasn’t yLku weren’t ykÃÞw nkuÞ íkku weren’t
çkLku Au., Ãkhtíkw r¢ÞkÃkËLkwt ¼qíkfk¤Lkwt YÃk ykÃÞwt nkuÞ íkku Question Tag íkhefu
Did {qfkÞ Au.
Ëk.ík., My brother sang a song, didn’t he ?
Parthi did reach in time, did she, ?
MkkËku ¼rð»Þfk¤ :
MkkËk ¼rð»Þfk¤Lkk MknkÞfkhf r¢ÞkÃkËku shall yLku will Au. íkuLkwt Question Tag
shalln’t LkÚke Úkíkwt Ãkhtíkw shall Lkwt shan’t yLku will Lkwt won’t ÚkkÞ Au.
Ëk.ík., I shall drink tea, shan’t I ?
You will draw a picture, won’t you?
 આગ્નાર્થ વાક્યોમાાં વાક્ય હકાર હોય કે નકાર Question tag ‘Will You’ જ માંક ાય છે.
Ëk.ík., Open the window, Will you?
Don’t talk in the class, Will you?
 Let us વાળા વાક્યોમાાં વાક્ય હકાર હોય કે નકાર Question tag ‘Shall we’ જ માંક ાય છે.
Ëk.ík., Let us play go on picnic, Shall we?

3. Let us not disturb here, Shall we?
yk{ Question Tag yu Lkfkh MknkÞfkhf r¢ÞkÃkËLkwt fu nfkh çkLku Au. r¢ÞkÃkËLkwt
xqtfwt YÃk Au. ðkõÞ òu Lkfkh ykÃÞwt nkuÞ íkku Question Tag nfkh çkLku Au.
Ëk.ík., He does not play foot-bool, does he ?
I am not a doctor, am I ?
Phrase Prepositions
Phrase Prepositions Lkku WÃkÞkuøk íÞkhu s
ykðzu, ßÞkhu íkuLkku yÚko ykðu {kxu Ãknu÷kt
íkuLkk yÚko òýðk sYhe Au. Lke[u ykÃku÷ Phrase
Prepositions yÚko Mkrník ÞkË hk¾ku yLku ÃkAe
íkuykuLke su fktE rðrþüíkk nkuÞ íku ÞkË hk¾ku.
(1) With a view to : Lkk WÆuþÚke, Lkk
nuíkwÚke.
Mkk{kLÞ heíku with a view to ÃkAe ðíko{kLk
f]Ëtík yux÷u fu r¢ÞkÃkËLkwt ing ðk¤wt YÃk ykðu
Au. yLku r¢ÞkMkw[f Lkk{ ykðu Au. yknªÞk Phrase
Prepositions íkhefu ðÃkhkÞ Au.

4. (2) Due to : Lku fkhýu÷ Lku ÷eÄu
Due to ÃkAe nt{uþk Lkk{ {wfkÞ Au. ynªÞk Ãký ‘to’
preposition íkhefu ðÃkhkÞu÷ Au.
(3) Inspite of : Lkk Aíkkt Ãký, íku{ Aíkkt Ãký
Inspite of ÃkAe Mkk{kLÞ heíku Lkk{ {wfkÞ Au.
yÚkðk íkku being {wfkÞ Au. Inspite of Lku çkË÷u
Despite Ãký ðkÃkhe þfkÞ Au. Ãký íkuLkk ÃkAe of
ðÃkhkíkwt LkÚke íkuLkku yÚko íku{ Aíkkt Ãký s
ÚkkÞ Au.
(4) Used to : Lkk Úke xuðkÞu÷k nkuðwt
ynªÞk ¾kMk ÞkË hk¾ðwt sYhe Au. fu used to ÃkAe
r¢ÞkÃkËLkwt {q¤ YÃk ðÃkhkÞ Au. íkuLku fkuE «íÞÞ
÷køkíkku LkÚke. ynªÞk to infinitive Au. íkuÚke
r¢ÞkÃkËLkwt YÃk ðÃkhkÞ Au. Ãkhtíkw ðkõÞ{kt to be
used ðÃkhkÞ íkku íkuLku ÃkAe.ÃkAe. Lkk{ fu
rðþu»ký ðÃkhkÞ Au.
Ëk.ík. (1) I used to play cricket when I was in
school.
(2) I am used to hard work
(Ãk) In order to : Lkk nuíkwÚke
In order to ÃkAe nt{uþk r¢ÞkÃkËLkwt {q¤ YÃk
ykðu Au.

5. ynªÞk In order to íkhefu ðÃkhkÞ Au. {kxu to ÃkAe
nt{uþk r¢ÞkÃkËLkwt {q¤ YÃk ðÃkhkÞ Au.
Ëk.ík. We went to theatre in order to see the film.
(6) Because of : Lku fkhýu
Because of Lkk{ {wfðwt yrLkðkÞo Au.
Ëk.ík. Because of my weaknees. i cannot walk fast.
(7) Owing to : Lkk fkhýu
Owing to ÃkAe Ãký Lkk{ {qfðwt sYhe Au. ynªÞk
‘to’ Preposition íkhefu ðÃkhkÞ Au.
Ëk.ík. Bharavi is abesnt in the programme owing to
her illness
(8) On account of : Lkk fkhýu
On account of ÃkAe Ãký Lkk{ {qfðwt sYhe Au.
Ëk.ík. Amita could not attend my birthday party On
account of her mother’s sickness.
(9) Instead of : Lku çkË÷u
Ëk.ík. Instead of ÃkAe Lkk{ {wfðwt yLkeðkÞo
Au.
The boys ate ice-cream Instead of fruits.
(10) In favour of : Lke íkhVuý {kt
Ëk.ík. He took decision In favour of students.

6. ðÄkhkLkk Phrase Preposition
(1) Apart from : Lkk WÃkhktík
(2) At the bottom of : íkr¤Þu
(3) At the top of : xku[u
(4) By means of : Lkk îkhk
(5) For the sake of : Lku ¾kíkh
(6) In addition to : WÃkhktík, ðÄkhu
(7) In the con text : Lkk Mkt˼o{kt
(8) In the course of : Ëhr{ÞkLk
(9) In the name of : Lkk Lkk{u
(10) In the case of : Lke çkkçkík{kt
(11) In preference to : Lke ÃkMktËøke «{kýu
(12) With the aim of : Lkk WÆuþÚke, nuíkwÚke
(13) With reference : Lkk Mkt˼o{kt
NOUN FORM
• al :- propose - proposal
• ance :- attend - attendance
• ation :- prepare - preparation

7. • age :- bond - bondage
• cy :- infant - infancy
• dom :- free - freedom
• ence :- depend - dependence
• hood :- boy - boyhood
• ity :- national - nationality
• ion :- suggest - suggestion
• ment :- treat - treatment
• ness :- kind - kindness
• ship :- hard - hardship
• y :- honest - honesty
• ssion :- exclude - exclusion
NOUN çkLkkððk {kxu þçËku{kt
Úkíkk VuhVkh
(1) þçËLku Auzu ‘ye’ nkuÞ íkku íkuLkk çkË÷u ‘al’
ykðu.
- arrive - arrival
(2) þçËLku Auzu ‘y’ nkuÞ yLku íkuLke ykøk¤Lkku
yûkh ÔÞtsLk nkuÞ íkku ‘y’ Lkku ‘l’ ÚkkÞ yLku
‘al’÷køku.
- bury - burial
(3) þçËLku Auzu ‘se’ nkuÞ íkku íkuLkk çkË÷u ‘sal’
ykðu.

8. - dispose - disposal, refuse - refusal
(4) þçËLku Auzu ‘ist’ nkuÞ íkku íkuLkk çkË÷u ‘ance’
ykðu.
- reist - resistance, assist - assistance
(5) þçËLku Auzu ‘ear’ nkuÞ íkku íkuLkk çkË÷u ‘ance’
ykðu.
- clear - clearance, appear - appearance
(6) þçËLku Auzu ‘end’ nkuÞ íkku íkuLkk çkË÷u ‘ence’
ykðu.
- depend - dependence, pretend – pretence
(7) þçËLku Auzu ‘ent’ nkuÞ íkku íkuLkk çkË÷u ‘ence’
ykðu.
- present - presence, absent - absence
(8) þçËLku Auzu ‘er’ nkuÞ íkku íkuLkk çkË÷u ‘ence’
ykðu.
- differ - difference, confer - conference
(9) þçËLku Auzu ‘mit’ nkuÞ íkku íkuLkk çkË÷u
‘mission’ ykðu.
- admit - admission, permit - permission
(10) þçËLku Auzu ‘ess’ nkuÞ íkku íkuLkk çkË÷u ‘ion’
ykðu.
- confess - confession, possess - possession
(11) þçËLku Auzu ‘de fu se’ nkuÞ íkku íkuLkk çkË÷u
‘sion’ ykðu.
- divide - division, revise - revision

9. (12) þçËLku Auzu ‘vert’ nkuÞ íkku íkuLkk çkË÷u
‘version’ ykðu.
- convert - conversion, invert - inversion
(13) þçËLku Auzu ‘ve fu ge’ nkuÞ íkku íkuLkk çkË÷u
‘ment’ ykðu.
- achieve - achievement, judge - judgement
(14) þçËLku Auzu ‘ach’ nkuÞ íkku íkuLkk çkË÷u
‘ment’ ykðu.
- attach - attachment, detach - detachment
(15) þçËLku Auzu ‘oy’ nkuÞ íkku íkuLkk çkË÷u ‘ment’
ykðu.
- enjoy - enjoyment, employ - employment
(16) þçËLku Auzu ‘act, ten, upt’ nkuÞ íkku íkuLkk
çkË÷u ‘ion’ ykðu.
- act - action, corrupt - corruption
(17) þçËLku Auzu ‘ ify’ nkuÞ íkku íkuLkk çkË÷u
‘ification’ ykðu.
- clarify - clarification, gratify - gratification
(18) þçËLku Auzu ‘te’ nkuÞ íkku íkuLkk çkË÷u ‘tion’
ykðu.
- complete - completion, associate - association
(19) þçËLku Auzu ‘me’ nkuÞ íkku íkuLkk çkË÷u
‘mption’ ykðu.
- resume - resumption, presume - presumption
(20) þçËLku Auzu ‘be’ nkuÞ íkku íkuLkk çkË÷u ‘ption’
ykðu.

10. - describe - description, inceribe - inceription
(21) þçËLku Auzu ‘duce’ nkuÞ íkku íkuLkk çkË÷u
‘duction’ ykðu.
- reduce – reduction
(22) þçËLku Auzu ‘lve’ nkuÞ íkku íkuLkk çkË÷u
‘lution’ ykðu.
- resolve - resolution, solve - solution
(23) þçËLku Auzu ‘ble’ nkuÞ íkku íkuLkk çkË÷u
‘bility’ ykðu.
- avle - ability, stable - stability
(24) þçËLku Auzu ‘he’ nkuÞ íkku íkuLkk çkË÷u ‘ility’
ykðu.
- agile - agility, mobile - mobility
(25) þçËLku Auzu ‘ful’ nkuÞ íkku íkuLkk çkË÷u ‘ness’
ykðu.
- helpfull - helpfulness, careful - carefulness
(26) þçËLku Auzu ‘sy-py-vy-ly-dy-’ nkuÞ íkku ‘y’ Lkku
‘i’ÚkkÞ yLku ness ÷køku
- busy - business, happy - happiness
(27) þçËLku Auzu ‘ate’ nkuÞ íkku íkuLkk çkË÷u ‘acy’
ykðu.
- accurate - accuracy, private - privacy

11. (28) þçËLku Auzu ‘ent’ nkuÞ íkku íkuLkk çkË÷u ‘ency’
ykðu.
- efficient – efficiency
RULES FOR NOUN
A. Artiicle (a,an,the) ÃkAe NOUN ykðu.
Exa :-
1. The________of America made a history in 1942.
(discover)
2. What is the_______between mile and kilometer?
(differ)
3. Lost of people believe in the______of god.
(exist)
B. possessive (my, your, his, her, their....ÃkAe) NOUN
ykðu.
1. your_____ is remarkble.
(popular) 2. india got
her_______in the year 1947. (independenp) 3.
people were happy at his_______.
(arrive)
C. Wh - Word ÃkAeLke ¾k÷e søÞk{kt NOUN ykðu.

12. 1. What________do you find in your study? (difficult)
2. What_______do you have from the childrne?
(expect)
D. preposition ÃkAeLke ¾k.s.{k) NOUN ykðu.
1. I am waiting for_____ of yours.
(popular)
2. India got her_______in the year 1947.
(independenp) 3. People were happy at his_______.
(arrive)
E. Verb ÃkAeLke ¾k÷e søÞk{kt NOUN f{o
(object)ykðu.
1. India got________in 1947. (free)
2. Have_______while dealing with elders.
(patient)
F. adjective ÃkAeLke ¾k.s.{k NOUN ykðu.
1. He has a good_____ of stamps.
(collect)
2. As the the sky is clear, there is no____of raining today.
(possible) G. ¾k÷e søÞk ÃkAe r¢Þk ÃkË nkuÞ íkku
NOUN ykðu.
1. _________is bliss. (ignorant)

13. 2. __________is power .
(know)
ADJECTIVE FORM
• ous :- courage - courageous
• ly :- like - likely
• able :- accept - acceptable
• an :- india - indian
• ful :- power - powerful
• al :- nation - national
• en :- gold - golden
• ish :- fever - feverish
• ive :- inform - informative
• some :- tire - tiresome
ADJECTIVE çkLkkððk {kxu þçËku{kt
Úkíkkt VuhVkh
1. þçËLku Auzu ‘ent’ fu ‘ment’ nkuÞ íkku íkuLku ‘al’
«íÞuÞ ÷køku.
- accibent - accibental
2. þçËLku Auzu ‘ture’ nkuÞ íkku íkuLku çkË÷u
‘tural’ ykðu
- culture - cultural

14. 3. þçËLku Auzu ‘ion, tion’ fu ‘sion’ nkuÞ íkku íkuLku
‘al’ «íÞuÞ ÷køku.
- division - divisional
4. þçËLku Auzu ‘ry’ nkuÞ íkku íkuLku çkË÷u ‘rial’
ykðu
- history - historical
5. þçËLku Auzu ‘ce’ nkuÞ íkku íkuLku çkË÷u ‘tial’
ykðu
- race - racial
6. þçËLku Auzu ‘y, ty, cy’ nkuÞ íkku ‘y’ Lkku ‘i’
ÚkkÞ yLku ‘ful’ ÷køku.
- play - playful, pity - pitiful
7. þçËLku Auzu ‘th’ nkuÞ íkku íkuLku ‘ful’ «íÞuÞ
÷køku.
- truth - truthful
8. þçËLku Auzu ‘ion’ nkuÞ íkku íkuLku çkË÷u ‘ious’
ykðu
- caution - cautious
9. þçËLku Auzu ‘ry’ nkuÞ íkku íkuLku çkË÷u ‘rious’
ykðu
- vary - various
10. þçËLku Auzu ‘er’ nkuÞ íkku íkuLku çkË÷u ‘ry’
ykðu
- anger - angery
11. þçËLku Auzu ‘eed’ nkuÞ íkku íkuLku ‘y’ «íÞuÞ
÷køku.
- speed - speedy

15. 12. þçËLku Auzu ‘ck’ nkuÞ íkku íkuLku ‘y’ «íÞuÞ
÷køku.
- luck - lucky
13. þçËLku Auzu ‘ce’ nkuÞ íkku íkuLku çkË÷u ‘cy’
ykðu
- ice - icy
14. þçËLku Auzu ‘our’ nkuÞ íkku íkuLku ‘able’
«íÞuÞ ÷køku.
- favour - favourable
15. þçËLku Auzu ‘it’ nkuÞ íkku íkuLku ‘able’ «íÞuÞ
÷køku.
- suit - suitable
16. þçËLku Auzu ‘mit’ nkuÞ íkku íkuLku çkË÷u
‘missible’ ykðu
- admi - admissible
17. þçËLku Auzu ‘or’ nkuÞ íkku íkuLku çkË÷u ‘ible’
ykðu
- horror - horrible
18. þçËLku Auzu ‘ate’ nkuÞ íkku íkuLku çkË÷u
‘ative’ ykðu
- operate - operative
19. þçËLku Auzu ‘ance’ nkuÞ íkku íkuLku çkË÷u
‘ant’ ykðu
- diastance - distant
20. þçËLku Auzu ‘ence’ nkuÞ íkku íkuLku çkË÷u
‘ent’ ykðu
- silence - silent

16. RULES FOR ADJECTIVE
A. Artiicle ÃkAe ¾k.s. ykÃke nkuÞ yLku ¾k.s. ÃkAe noun nkuÞ
íkku ADJECTIVE ykðu
1. It was a_______accident. (fast)
2. India is a______country. (progress)
B. To be r¢. Y. ÃkAe ¾k.s.{. ADJECTIVE ykðu.
1. I am_______of thunderstorms. (terrify)
2. I am not______of you. (progress)
C. To be r¢ÞkÃkË rMkðkÞLkwt r¢ÞkÃkË ÃkAeLke
¾k.s.{kt ADJECTIVE ykðu.
1. Boby became_______on sunday morning. (misery)
2. The new engineer looks very______. (progress)
D. Adverb ÃkAe ¾k.s. yLku ¾k.s. ÃkAe noun nkuÞ
íkku ADJECTIVE ykðu.
1. many_______goods are exported to europe noun.
(india)
2. many______ideas are not understood by the students. (philosophy)
E. Possessive (my, your, etc.) ÃkAe ¾k.s. ykðe nkuÞ yLku ¾k.s. ÃkAe
noun nkuÞ íkku ADJECTIVE ykðu.
1. He is my_______actor. (favour)

17. F. Preposition ÃkAe ¾k.s. ykÃke nkuÞ yLku ¾k.s ÃkAe noun nkuÞ
íkku ADJECTIVE ykðu.
1. man should not run after_________joys. (moment)
2. old people tell stories from______books.
(religion)
G. þYykík{kt ¾k.s. nkuÞ íkku ADJECTIVE ykðu.
1. _________persons can do some creative work. (health)
VERB FORM
• ac :- company - accompany
• as :- certain - ascertain
• ate :- habit - habituate
• be :- fool - befool
• em :- power - empower
• en :- able - enable
• en :- sharp - sharpen
• e :- bath - bathe
• ise :- real - realize
• im :- mix - immix
VERB çkLkkððk {kxu þçËku{kt Úkíkk
VuhVkh

18. 1. þçËLku Auzu ‘tion’ nkuÞ íkku íkuLkk çkË÷u
‘te’ykðu.
2. þçËLku Auzu ‘th’ nkuÞ íkku íkuLk ‘e’ «íÞuÞ
÷køku.
3. þçËLku Auzu ‘ef’ nkuÞ íkku íkuLkk çkË÷u
‘eve’ykðu.
4. þçËLku Auzu ‘th’ nkuÞ íkku íkuLk ‘en’ «íÞuÞ
÷køku.
5. þçËLku Auzu ‘ht’ nkuÞ íkku íkuLk ‘en’ «íÞuÞ
÷køku.
6. þçËLku Auzu ‘ice’ nkuÞ íkku íkuLkk çkË÷u
‘ise’ykðu.

19. 7. þçËLku Auzu ‘al’ nkuÞ íkku íkuLk ‘ize’ «íÞuÞ
÷køku.
8. þçËLku Auzu ‘ty’ nkuÞ íkku íkuLkk çkË÷u
‘tify’ykðu.
9. þçËLku Auzu ‘faction’ nkuÞ íkku íkuLkk çkË÷u
‘fy’ykðu.
10. þçËLku Auzu ‘vation’ nkuÞ íkku íkuLkk çkË÷u
‘ve’ykðu.
11. þçËLku Auzu ‘ration’ nkuÞ íkku íkuLkk çkË÷u
‘sation’ykðu.
12. þçËLku Auzu ‘sion’ nkuÞ íkku íkuLkk çkË÷u
‘de’ykðu.

20. 13. þçËLku Auzu ‘sion’ nkuÞ íkku íkuLkk çkË÷u
‘d’ykðu.
14. þçËLku Auzu ‘ence’ nkuÞ íkku íkuLkk çkË÷u
‘end’ykðu.
15. þçËLku Auzu ‘ale’ nkuÞ íkku íkuLkk çkË÷u
‘all’ykðu.
RULES FOR VERB
A. To ÃkAe {q¤ r¢ÞkÃkË ykðu.
1. It is dangerous to_______in the sea here. (bath)
2. I used to______a simpal and dirrect approach.
(advice)
B. MknkÞfkhf r¢ÞkÃkË ÃkAe Verb (To
ðøkhLkwt)ykðu.
1. I have_______to give up smoking (decisive)
2. Will you______her pencil ? (sharp)
C. fíkko fu noun ÃkAe ¾k.s. nkuÞ íkku Verb ykðu.
1. Do you know who_______T.V. ? (invenntor)

21. 2. We______our seats and the show began.
(occupation)
D. ðkõÞLke þYykík yÚkðk yk¿kkÚko ðkõÞ nkuÞ íkku
Verb ykðu.
1. Please_______this knife. (sharp)
2. _______Your capacity and achieve your goal.
(strong)
ADVERB FORM
þçËLke ykøk¤ fu ÃkkA¤ y{wf yûkhku W{uhðkÚke
yux÷u fu «íÞÞ W{uhðkÚke
ADVERB FORM (¢Þkrðþu»ký) çkLku Au. Lke[u {wsçk «íÞÞ
yLku þçËkuLke ykÃÞk Au :
ly :- real – really
A. Adjective ÃkAe adverb ykðu.
1. I can climb this tree_______. (easy)
2. _______the patient was saved. (fortune)
RULES FOR VERB
• anti :- nation - antination
• de :- control - deconrol
• dis :- honest - dishonest
• in :- correct - incorrect