UNDERSTANDINGUNDERSTANDING
WORLD ENGLISHESWORLD ENGLISHES
Languages and Literature DepartmentLanguages and Literature Department
Is the English used in video 1Is the English used in video 1
different from the variety of Englishdifferent from the variety of English
in the Philippines?in the Philippines?
Can you tell me which variety ofCan you tell me which variety of
English is spoken in video 1?English is spoken in video 1?
What does it tell us about theWhat does it tell us about the
status of English today?status of English today?
Video 1Video 1
Is the English used in video 1Is the English used in video 1
different from the variety of Englishdifferent from the variety of English
in the Philippines?in the Philippines?
Can you tell me which variety ofCan you tell me which variety of
English is spoken in video 1?English is spoken in video 1?
What does it tell us about theWhat does it tell us about the
status of English today?status of English today?
 Picture 1Picture 1
What can you say about theWhat can you say about the
picture? What does it tell youpicture? What does it tell you
about the use of English?about the use of English?
 Picture 2Picture 2
What can you say about theWhat can you say about the
picture? What does it tell youpicture? What does it tell you
about the use of English?about the use of English?
 Picture 3Picture 3
What can you say about theWhat can you say about the
picture? What does it tell youpicture? What does it tell you
about the use of English?about the use of English?
Japanese Filipino JokesJapanese Filipino Jokes
Is this your property?Is this your property? Arimoto?Arimoto?
Yes, this is my property.Yes, this is my property. Arikoto.Arikoto.
Is this yours?Is this yours? Sayobato?Sayobato?
This is mine.This is mine. Sakinitu.Sakinitu.
Can I have it?Can I have it? Akinato?Akinato?
You can have it.You can have it. SayonatoSayonato
Can we have it?Can we have it? Saminato?Saminato?
You haven't washed your face.You haven't washed your face.
Mimutamatamo.Mimutamatamo.
You've grown so thin!You've grown so thin! Kitanabutumo!Kitanabutumo!
We saw each other.We saw each other. Kitakami.Kitakami.
We had a big get-together.We had a big get-together. Kitakitakami.Kitakitakami.
Have a drink before you go.Have a drink before you go. TomakamunaTomakamuna
That was my assumption.That was my assumption. InakarakoInakarako
Japanese Filipino JokesJapanese Filipino Jokes
Let's go quickly.Let's go quickly. Bachi na yota.Bachi na yota.
We will boycott the election.We will boycott the election. Kaminoboto.Kaminoboto.
Under arm odor.Under arm odor. Kirikiripawa.Kirikiripawa.
Are you a victim of discrimination?Are you a victim of discrimination?
Minamatakaba?Minamatakaba?
I give up.I give up. Sukonako.Sukonako.
OUCH!OUCH! Haraikupo!Haraikupo!
What a sad life it is.What a sad life it is. Hainaku.Hainaku.
I'm going to leave you.I'm going to leave you. Sawanakosayo.Sawanakosayo.
Is this your car?Is this your car? Otomoto?Otomoto?
This is my car.This is my car. Otokoto.Otokoto.
Japanese Filipino JokesJapanese Filipino Jokes
I'll take this.I'll take this. KukuninkotoKukuninkoto
This is my desk.This is my desk. Itodesko.Itodesko.
Speechless.Speechless. Wasabe.Wasabe.
I have a lot of things to do.I have a lot of things to do. Hironako.Hironako.
What are your thoughts?What are your thoughts? Kuru-kuromo?Kuru-kuromo?
I am thinking.I am thinking. Munimuniko.Munimuniko.
Are you playing the guitar?Are you playing the guitar? Gigitaraka?Gigitaraka?
Is this your underwear?Is this your underwear? Jakeemoto?Jakeemoto?
You're crazy!You're crazy! Sirauromo!Sirauromo!
You're drooling!You're drooling! Turorawayka!Turorawayka!
 Picture 4Picture 4
What can you say about theWhat can you say about the
picture? What does it tell youpicture? What does it tell you
about the use of English?about the use of English?
 Picture 4Picture 4
What can you say about theWhat can you say about the
picture? What does it tell youpicture? What does it tell you
about the use of English?about the use of English?
 Picture 1Picture 1
 Picture 5Picture 5
What can you say about theWhat can you say about the
picture? What does it tell youpicture? What does it tell you
about the use of English?about the use of English?
What can the pictures tell usWhat can the pictures tell us
about the different varietiesabout the different varieties
of English?of English?
What can the pictures tell us about theWhat can the pictures tell us about the
different varieties of English?different varieties of English?
 Different groups of people use languageDifferent groups of people use language
differently.differently.
 In the long run, differences in language-In the long run, differences in language-
use lead to differences in language…use lead to differences in language…
World EnglishesWorld Englishes
What is WorldWhat is World
Englishes?Englishes?
What is World Englishes?What is World Englishes?
 ““World Englishes is capable of a range ofWorld Englishes is capable of a range of
meanings and interpretation”meanings and interpretation” (Bolton, 2006; p.186)(Bolton, 2006; p.186)
 ‘‘World Englishes’ as the indigenized orWorld Englishes’ as the indigenized or
‘nationalized ‘varieties of English from‘nationalized ‘varieties of English from
those countries colonized by Great Britainthose countries colonized by Great Britain
or the United States.or the United States. (Wikipedia)(Wikipedia)
What is World Englishes?What is World Englishes?
 Kirkpatrick (2007) distinguished varietiesKirkpatrick (2007) distinguished varieties
of English as native varieties and nativizedof English as native varieties and nativized
varieties.varieties.
 This refers to “all the different varieties ofThis refers to “all the different varieties of
English used in different countries acrossEnglish used in different countries across
the world.the world. (Macmillan dictionary)(Macmillan dictionary)
Varieties of EnglishVarieties of English
Which is a native variety and which is aWhich is a native variety and which is a
nativized variety?nativized variety?
1.1.Singaporean EnglishSingaporean English
2.2.American EnglishAmerican English
3.3.Philippine EnglishPhilippine English
4.4.Korean EnglishKorean English
5.5.Canadian EnglishCanadian English
What led to theWhat led to the
development of Worlddevelopment of World
Englishes?Englishes?
Video 2: The History of EnglishVideo 2: The History of English
Reading TaskReading Task
A short
history of
English
Essential QuestionsEssential Questions
1. What have you
learned about the
history of English?
(Give at least three
things)
2. What does the
history of English
show you about
the nature or
reality of the
English language?
On the GlobalOn the Global
Expansion of EnglishExpansion of English
On the Global Expansion of EnglishOn the Global Expansion of English
 Migration and Colonization: Main EnginesMigration and Colonization: Main Engines
of Global Expansionof Global Expansion
On the Global Expansion of EnglishOn the Global Expansion of English
 Braj B. Kachru’s Model of World Englishes (1992)Braj B. Kachru’s Model of World Englishes (1992)
The development ofThe development of
English as manifested inEnglish as manifested in
the different versions ofthe different versions of
the Lord’s Prayerthe Lord’s Prayer
The Lord's PrayerThe Lord's Prayer
(Old English - Anglo-Saxon(Old English - Anglo-Saxon))
The Lord's PrayerThe Lord's Prayer
(Old English - Anglo-Saxon(Old English - Anglo-Saxon))
Fæder ure þu þe eart on heofonum;Fæder ure þu þe eart on heofonum;
Si þin nama gehalgodSi þin nama gehalgod
to becume þin riceto becume þin rice
gewurþe ðin willagewurþe ðin willa
on eorðan swa swa on heofonum.on eorðan swa swa on heofonum.
urne gedæghwamlican hlaf syle us todægurne gedæghwamlican hlaf syle us todæg
and forgyf us ure gyltasand forgyf us ure gyltas
swa swa we forgyfað urum gyltendumswa swa we forgyfað urum gyltendum
and ne gelæd þu us on costnungeand ne gelæd þu us on costnunge
ac alys us of yfele soþliceac alys us of yfele soþlice
The Lord's Prayer (Middle English)The Lord's Prayer (Middle English)
The Lourdes PreyereThe Lourdes Preyere
Oure fadir that art in heuenes,Oure fadir that art in heuenes,
halewid be thi name;halewid be thi name;
thi kyngdoom come to;thi kyngdoom come to;
be thi wille don, in erthe as in heuene.be thi wille don, in erthe as in heuene.
Yyue to vs this dai oure breed ouer othirYyue to vs this dai oure breed ouer othir
substaunce,substaunce,
and foryyue to vs oure dettis, as weand foryyue to vs oure dettis, as we
foryyuen to oure dettouris;foryyuen to oure dettouris;
and lede vs not in to temptacioun, butand lede vs not in to temptacioun, but
delyuere vs fro yuel. Amendelyuere vs fro yuel. Amen
The Lord's Prayer (The Lord's Prayer (Modern English)Modern English)
Our Father in heaven,Our Father in heaven,
hallowed be your name.hallowed be your name.
Your Kingdom come,Your Kingdom come,
your will be done,your will be done,
on earth as in heavenon earth as in heaven
Give us today our daily bread.Give us today our daily bread.
Forgive us our sins,Forgive us our sins,
as we forgive those who sin against us.as we forgive those who sin against us.
Lead us not into temptation,Lead us not into temptation,
but deliver us from evil.but deliver us from evil.
For the kingdom,For the kingdom,
the power and the glory are yours.the power and the glory are yours.
Now and for ever.Now and for ever.
Amen.Amen.
The Lord's Prayer (The Lord's Prayer (Contemporary English)Contemporary English)
Our Father in heaven, holy be your name,Our Father in heaven, holy be your name,
your kingdom come, your will be done, onyour kingdom come, your will be done, on
earth as in heaven. Give us today ourearth as in heaven. Give us today our
daily bread, forgive us our sins as wedaily bread, forgive us our sins as we
forgive those who sin against us. Do notforgive those who sin against us. Do not
bring to the test but deliver us from evil.bring to the test but deliver us from evil.
Amen.Amen.
Essential QuestionsEssential Questions
 What do the different versions of theWhat do the different versions of the
prayer tell us about the Englishprayer tell us about the English
language?language?
 What do the different versions of theWhat do the different versions of the
prayer tell us about learning a language?prayer tell us about learning a language?
EVOLUTION OF ENGLISHEVOLUTION OF ENGLISH
IN A SLIDEIN A SLIDE
 Modern English: Good DayModern English: Good Day Sir!Sir!
 Old English: Godlif Daeg Leof!Old English: Godlif Daeg Leof!
 Future English: OMG LKE GD DAYFuture English: OMG LKE GD DAY
BRO! LOL ROFL! :)BRO! LOL ROFL! :)
– Comment posted 1 month ago onComment posted 1 month ago on
Youtube byYoutube by D00mnukemD00mnukem
World Englishes or the differentWorld Englishes or the different
Englishes in the world continueEnglishes in the world continue
to evolve…this dynamism ofto evolve…this dynamism of
the English language is athe English language is a
reason for the development ofreason for the development of
varieties of Englishvarieties of English
EVALUATION 2EVALUATION 2
 In a paragraph of no more thanIn a paragraph of no more than five sentencesfive sentences,,
write thewrite the most important thingmost important thing you have learnedyou have learned
about World Englishes and discuss how it willabout World Englishes and discuss how it will
help youhelp you communicate more effectivelycommunicate more effectively. Write. Write
your answer on a one-fourth sheet of paper.your answer on a one-fourth sheet of paper.
 Your output will be evaluated based on theYour output will be evaluated based on the
following:following:
– TopicTopic (Content and relevance to the lesson; 4 pts.),(Content and relevance to the lesson; 4 pts.),
– Language and Organization of ideasLanguage and Organization of ideas (3 pts.),(3 pts.),
– MechanicsMechanics (Correct use of punctuation and capitalization, 3 pts.)(Correct use of punctuation and capitalization, 3 pts.)
 Total Points = 10Total Points = 10

Engl100 module 1v3

  • 1.
    UNDERSTANDINGUNDERSTANDING WORLD ENGLISHESWORLD ENGLISHES Languagesand Literature DepartmentLanguages and Literature Department
  • 2.
    Is the Englishused in video 1Is the English used in video 1 different from the variety of Englishdifferent from the variety of English in the Philippines?in the Philippines? Can you tell me which variety ofCan you tell me which variety of English is spoken in video 1?English is spoken in video 1? What does it tell us about theWhat does it tell us about the status of English today?status of English today?
  • 3.
  • 4.
    Is the Englishused in video 1Is the English used in video 1 different from the variety of Englishdifferent from the variety of English in the Philippines?in the Philippines? Can you tell me which variety ofCan you tell me which variety of English is spoken in video 1?English is spoken in video 1? What does it tell us about theWhat does it tell us about the status of English today?status of English today?
  • 5.
     Picture 1Picture1 What can you say about theWhat can you say about the picture? What does it tell youpicture? What does it tell you about the use of English?about the use of English?
  • 6.
     Picture 2Picture2 What can you say about theWhat can you say about the picture? What does it tell youpicture? What does it tell you about the use of English?about the use of English?
  • 7.
     Picture 3Picture3 What can you say about theWhat can you say about the picture? What does it tell youpicture? What does it tell you about the use of English?about the use of English?
  • 8.
    Japanese Filipino JokesJapaneseFilipino Jokes Is this your property?Is this your property? Arimoto?Arimoto? Yes, this is my property.Yes, this is my property. Arikoto.Arikoto. Is this yours?Is this yours? Sayobato?Sayobato? This is mine.This is mine. Sakinitu.Sakinitu. Can I have it?Can I have it? Akinato?Akinato? You can have it.You can have it. SayonatoSayonato Can we have it?Can we have it? Saminato?Saminato? You haven't washed your face.You haven't washed your face. Mimutamatamo.Mimutamatamo. You've grown so thin!You've grown so thin! Kitanabutumo!Kitanabutumo! We saw each other.We saw each other. Kitakami.Kitakami. We had a big get-together.We had a big get-together. Kitakitakami.Kitakitakami. Have a drink before you go.Have a drink before you go. TomakamunaTomakamuna That was my assumption.That was my assumption. InakarakoInakarako
  • 9.
    Japanese Filipino JokesJapaneseFilipino Jokes Let's go quickly.Let's go quickly. Bachi na yota.Bachi na yota. We will boycott the election.We will boycott the election. Kaminoboto.Kaminoboto. Under arm odor.Under arm odor. Kirikiripawa.Kirikiripawa. Are you a victim of discrimination?Are you a victim of discrimination? Minamatakaba?Minamatakaba? I give up.I give up. Sukonako.Sukonako. OUCH!OUCH! Haraikupo!Haraikupo! What a sad life it is.What a sad life it is. Hainaku.Hainaku. I'm going to leave you.I'm going to leave you. Sawanakosayo.Sawanakosayo. Is this your car?Is this your car? Otomoto?Otomoto? This is my car.This is my car. Otokoto.Otokoto.
  • 10.
    Japanese Filipino JokesJapaneseFilipino Jokes I'll take this.I'll take this. KukuninkotoKukuninkoto This is my desk.This is my desk. Itodesko.Itodesko. Speechless.Speechless. Wasabe.Wasabe. I have a lot of things to do.I have a lot of things to do. Hironako.Hironako. What are your thoughts?What are your thoughts? Kuru-kuromo?Kuru-kuromo? I am thinking.I am thinking. Munimuniko.Munimuniko. Are you playing the guitar?Are you playing the guitar? Gigitaraka?Gigitaraka? Is this your underwear?Is this your underwear? Jakeemoto?Jakeemoto? You're crazy!You're crazy! Sirauromo!Sirauromo! You're drooling!You're drooling! Turorawayka!Turorawayka!
  • 11.
     Picture 4Picture4 What can you say about theWhat can you say about the picture? What does it tell youpicture? What does it tell you about the use of English?about the use of English?
  • 12.
     Picture 4Picture4 What can you say about theWhat can you say about the picture? What does it tell youpicture? What does it tell you about the use of English?about the use of English?  Picture 1Picture 1
  • 13.
     Picture 5Picture5 What can you say about theWhat can you say about the picture? What does it tell youpicture? What does it tell you about the use of English?about the use of English?
  • 14.
    What can thepictures tell usWhat can the pictures tell us about the different varietiesabout the different varieties of English?of English?
  • 15.
    What can thepictures tell us about theWhat can the pictures tell us about the different varieties of English?different varieties of English?  Different groups of people use languageDifferent groups of people use language differently.differently.  In the long run, differences in language-In the long run, differences in language- use lead to differences in language…use lead to differences in language… World EnglishesWorld Englishes
  • 16.
    What is WorldWhatis World Englishes?Englishes?
  • 17.
    What is WorldEnglishes?What is World Englishes?  ““World Englishes is capable of a range ofWorld Englishes is capable of a range of meanings and interpretation”meanings and interpretation” (Bolton, 2006; p.186)(Bolton, 2006; p.186)  ‘‘World Englishes’ as the indigenized orWorld Englishes’ as the indigenized or ‘nationalized ‘varieties of English from‘nationalized ‘varieties of English from those countries colonized by Great Britainthose countries colonized by Great Britain or the United States.or the United States. (Wikipedia)(Wikipedia)
  • 18.
    What is WorldEnglishes?What is World Englishes?  Kirkpatrick (2007) distinguished varietiesKirkpatrick (2007) distinguished varieties of English as native varieties and nativizedof English as native varieties and nativized varieties.varieties.  This refers to “all the different varieties ofThis refers to “all the different varieties of English used in different countries acrossEnglish used in different countries across the world.the world. (Macmillan dictionary)(Macmillan dictionary)
  • 19.
    Varieties of EnglishVarietiesof English Which is a native variety and which is aWhich is a native variety and which is a nativized variety?nativized variety? 1.1.Singaporean EnglishSingaporean English 2.2.American EnglishAmerican English 3.3.Philippine EnglishPhilippine English 4.4.Korean EnglishKorean English 5.5.Canadian EnglishCanadian English
  • 20.
    What led totheWhat led to the development of Worlddevelopment of World Englishes?Englishes?
  • 21.
    Video 2: TheHistory of EnglishVideo 2: The History of English
  • 22.
    Reading TaskReading Task Ashort history of English
  • 23.
    Essential QuestionsEssential Questions 1.What have you learned about the history of English? (Give at least three things) 2. What does the history of English show you about the nature or reality of the English language?
  • 24.
    On the GlobalOnthe Global Expansion of EnglishExpansion of English
  • 25.
    On the GlobalExpansion of EnglishOn the Global Expansion of English  Migration and Colonization: Main EnginesMigration and Colonization: Main Engines of Global Expansionof Global Expansion
  • 26.
    On the GlobalExpansion of EnglishOn the Global Expansion of English  Braj B. Kachru’s Model of World Englishes (1992)Braj B. Kachru’s Model of World Englishes (1992)
  • 27.
    The development ofThedevelopment of English as manifested inEnglish as manifested in the different versions ofthe different versions of the Lord’s Prayerthe Lord’s Prayer
  • 28.
    The Lord's PrayerTheLord's Prayer (Old English - Anglo-Saxon(Old English - Anglo-Saxon))
  • 29.
    The Lord's PrayerTheLord's Prayer (Old English - Anglo-Saxon(Old English - Anglo-Saxon)) Fæder ure þu þe eart on heofonum;Fæder ure þu þe eart on heofonum; Si þin nama gehalgodSi þin nama gehalgod to becume þin riceto becume þin rice gewurþe ðin willagewurþe ðin willa on eorðan swa swa on heofonum.on eorðan swa swa on heofonum. urne gedæghwamlican hlaf syle us todægurne gedæghwamlican hlaf syle us todæg and forgyf us ure gyltasand forgyf us ure gyltas swa swa we forgyfað urum gyltendumswa swa we forgyfað urum gyltendum and ne gelæd þu us on costnungeand ne gelæd þu us on costnunge ac alys us of yfele soþliceac alys us of yfele soþlice
  • 30.
    The Lord's Prayer(Middle English)The Lord's Prayer (Middle English) The Lourdes PreyereThe Lourdes Preyere Oure fadir that art in heuenes,Oure fadir that art in heuenes, halewid be thi name;halewid be thi name; thi kyngdoom come to;thi kyngdoom come to; be thi wille don, in erthe as in heuene.be thi wille don, in erthe as in heuene. Yyue to vs this dai oure breed ouer othirYyue to vs this dai oure breed ouer othir substaunce,substaunce, and foryyue to vs oure dettis, as weand foryyue to vs oure dettis, as we foryyuen to oure dettouris;foryyuen to oure dettouris; and lede vs not in to temptacioun, butand lede vs not in to temptacioun, but delyuere vs fro yuel. Amendelyuere vs fro yuel. Amen
  • 31.
    The Lord's Prayer(The Lord's Prayer (Modern English)Modern English) Our Father in heaven,Our Father in heaven, hallowed be your name.hallowed be your name. Your Kingdom come,Your Kingdom come, your will be done,your will be done, on earth as in heavenon earth as in heaven Give us today our daily bread.Give us today our daily bread. Forgive us our sins,Forgive us our sins, as we forgive those who sin against us.as we forgive those who sin against us. Lead us not into temptation,Lead us not into temptation, but deliver us from evil.but deliver us from evil. For the kingdom,For the kingdom, the power and the glory are yours.the power and the glory are yours. Now and for ever.Now and for ever. Amen.Amen.
  • 32.
    The Lord's Prayer(The Lord's Prayer (Contemporary English)Contemporary English) Our Father in heaven, holy be your name,Our Father in heaven, holy be your name, your kingdom come, your will be done, onyour kingdom come, your will be done, on earth as in heaven. Give us today ourearth as in heaven. Give us today our daily bread, forgive us our sins as wedaily bread, forgive us our sins as we forgive those who sin against us. Do notforgive those who sin against us. Do not bring to the test but deliver us from evil.bring to the test but deliver us from evil. Amen.Amen.
  • 33.
    Essential QuestionsEssential Questions What do the different versions of theWhat do the different versions of the prayer tell us about the Englishprayer tell us about the English language?language?  What do the different versions of theWhat do the different versions of the prayer tell us about learning a language?prayer tell us about learning a language?
  • 34.
    EVOLUTION OF ENGLISHEVOLUTIONOF ENGLISH IN A SLIDEIN A SLIDE  Modern English: Good DayModern English: Good Day Sir!Sir!  Old English: Godlif Daeg Leof!Old English: Godlif Daeg Leof!  Future English: OMG LKE GD DAYFuture English: OMG LKE GD DAY BRO! LOL ROFL! :)BRO! LOL ROFL! :) – Comment posted 1 month ago onComment posted 1 month ago on Youtube byYoutube by D00mnukemD00mnukem
  • 35.
    World Englishes orthe differentWorld Englishes or the different Englishes in the world continueEnglishes in the world continue to evolve…this dynamism ofto evolve…this dynamism of the English language is athe English language is a reason for the development ofreason for the development of varieties of Englishvarieties of English
  • 37.
    EVALUATION 2EVALUATION 2 In a paragraph of no more thanIn a paragraph of no more than five sentencesfive sentences,, write thewrite the most important thingmost important thing you have learnedyou have learned about World Englishes and discuss how it willabout World Englishes and discuss how it will help youhelp you communicate more effectivelycommunicate more effectively. Write. Write your answer on a one-fourth sheet of paper.your answer on a one-fourth sheet of paper.  Your output will be evaluated based on theYour output will be evaluated based on the following:following: – TopicTopic (Content and relevance to the lesson; 4 pts.),(Content and relevance to the lesson; 4 pts.), – Language and Organization of ideasLanguage and Organization of ideas (3 pts.),(3 pts.), – MechanicsMechanics (Correct use of punctuation and capitalization, 3 pts.)(Correct use of punctuation and capitalization, 3 pts.)  Total Points = 10Total Points = 10

Editor's Notes

  • #2 Feel free to give your comment or suggestions via email: ervinramos@yahoo.com or constantinoballena@yahoo.com
  • #3 Source: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=48dBnQDxPUw
  • #4 Source: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=48dBnQDxPUw
  • #5 Ask students to listen to video Source: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=48dBnQDxPUw
  • #6 Ex. Using English is about communicating effectively. It is about using grammar to make sense. Statement is grammatical, but unclear?
  • #7 Ex. This signage can be interpreted as something more than a signage done by a poor speller. The signage seems to approximate the accent of a Chinese English Speaker (Beginner).
  • #8 Japanese English speaker’s (Beginner) pronunciation of congratulation?
  • #9 Japanese English speaker’s (Beginner) pronunciation of congratulation?
  • #10 Japanese English speaker’s (Beginner) pronunciation of congratulation?
  • #11 Japanese English speaker’s (Beginner) pronunciation of congratulation?
  • #13 Both pictures have unclear statements. Both pictures refer to a toilet. Lavatory is formal UK word for toilet.
  • #14 Signage which approximates Visayan English speaker accent (beginner).
  • #22 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_fJiHmR85cU
  • #23 If students don’t have copies of the module, you may project the word document on the screen.
  • #24 English was not always the language of the World. English is dynamic, changing, evolving…
  • #29 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7Wl-OZ3breE
  • #34 The different versions of the prayer are proof of the fact that English is changing, evolving… World Englishes can be seen as a major evolutionary change.