The document outlines learning objectives focused on understanding the states of matter and the changes between them, including solid, liquid, gas, and their respective behaviors at different temperatures. It introduces the kinetic molecular theory, discusses essential vocabulary, and provides demonstrations, discussions, and formative assessments related to changes of state such as melting, freezing, condensation, and evaporation. Key concepts include particle arrangement, energy changes during state transitions, and prompts for visualizing these processes.

1. Quarter 1 Week
3
Subtitle

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Learning Objectives:
The learners shall be able to :
1. Explain how substance changes its state from solid to liquid to gas
by analyzing particle behavior and the influence of temperature;
and
2. Demonstrate understanding of changes of state: solid liquid
vapor and vice versa

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Short review: Kinetic Molecular Theory
What is the kinetic molecular theory?
The kinetic-molecular theory explains the states of
matter, and is based on the idea that matter is
composed of tiny particles that are always in
motion. This theory helps explain observable
properties and behaviors of solids, liquids,
and gases.
What are the movements of particles in solid? In liquid? In gas?
In solids, particles vibrate in fixed positions, while in
liquids, they move more freely but are still close
together. And in gases, particles move rapidly and

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Short review: Kinetic Molecular Theory

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Unlocking Content Vocabulary
Instruction:
1. Each group will take turns selecting a vocabulary term
from the table.
2. Without revealing the term, one from your group will
read the definition aloud to your teammates.
3. The group must then discuss and decide which term
from the table matches the given definition.
4. Once a match is chosen, your group will turn over the
selected card to reveal the vocabulary term.
5. If the match is correct, your group earns a point. If
incorrect, return the card to its original position. No
point is awarded.

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Discussion:
1. Which terms did you find challenging?

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Particle – a small portion of matter
Solid - firm and stable in shape
Liquid – a substance that flows freely
but is of constant volume, having a
consistency like that of water or oil
Gas – a substance which has no fixed
shape and no fixed volume
Plasma – a gas-like substance consisting
of particles such as positive ion and
electrons

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Discussion:
Melting – change of a solid into a liquid when heat is
applied

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Discussion:
Freezing – the process in which something changes
from liquid to solid as the temperature becomes
lower

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Discussion:
Condensation – the process through which the
physical state of matter changes from the gaseous
phase into the liquid phase

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Discussion:
Evaporation – the process of turning from liquid into vapor

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Discussion:
Sublimation – the transition of a substance directly from the solid
to the gas state, without passing through the liquid state

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Discussion:
Deposition – the process in which a gas changes directly
to a solid without going through the liquid state

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Discussion:
Ionization – any process by which electrically neutral atoms
or molecules are converted to electrically charged atoms or
molecules (ions) through gaining or losing electrons

15. Explicitation

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Prompt questions:
1. How do you imagine the arrangement of particles in a solid, liquid and gas?
2. What tools or visuals help you to understand the concept better?

17. Changes of State:
Solid to Liquid to
Gas

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Prompt questions:
What are the states of matter?
Solid, Liquid and Gas

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Prompt questions:
How do particles behave in solids? Liquids?
Gases?
In solid, the particles pack together as tightly as
possible in a neat and ordered arrangement
In liquid, particles are quite close together and
move with random motion throughout the
container
In gas, move rapidly in all directions, frequently
colliding with each other and the side of the
container

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Prompt questions:
Can you describe the arrangement of particles
in each state?
gas are well separated with no regular
arrangement. liquid are close together
with no regular arrangement. solid are
tightly packed, usually in a regular
pattern

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Visualizing Particle Arrangement

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Key
concepts:
Solid: Particles are tightly packed together in a
rigid structure, with minimal movement.
Imagine marbles jammed close together in a
box.
Liquid: Particles are still close but have some
freedom of movement, allowing them to slide
past each other. Think of marbles in a bowl,
able to move and change positions.
Gas: Particles are spread out far apart with the
most freedom of movement. Imagine marbles

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Key concepts: Temperature and Particle
Energy
Heating a Solid: As we add heat (energy) to a
solid (like ice), the particles gain kinetic
energy and start vibrating more vigorously.
This disrupts the rigid structure, causing
them to move around more.

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Key concepts: Temperature and Particle
Energy
Transitioning to Liquid: With increased
movement, the particles in the solid can no
longer maintain their fixed positions. They
overcome the forces holding them together,
leading to a looser arrangement and the
formation of a liquid.

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Key concepts: Temperature and Particle
Energy
Liquid to Gas: Further heating the liquid (like
boiling water) provides even more energy to
the particles. They move so fast that they
overcome the remaining attractive forces and
spread out far apart, transforming the liquid
into a gas.

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Liquid to solid (Freezing)
Can you think of examples of freezing in everyday
life?
What happens to the particles during freezing?
How does the temperature affect the freezing
process?

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Gas to liquid (Condensation)
Where do we often see condensation occurring?
What factors contribute to condensation?

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Click icon to add picture

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Key Points for Freezing:
Freezing is the process in which a liquid
changes into a solid state when cooled.
It is the reverse process of melting, involving
the removal of thermal energy from the
substance.
During freezing, the particles in the liquid
slow down and arrange themselves into a
solid structure

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Key Points for Condensation:
Condensation is the process in which a
gas changes into a liquid state when
cooled.
It occurs when gas particles lose energy
and come together to form liquid
droplets.
Condensation commonly occurs when
warm, moist air cools down, such as
when warm air meets a cooler surface

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Formative Assessment
Prepare ¼ sheet of paper

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1.Which of the following
states of matter has
particles arranged most
closely together?
a) Solid
b) b) Liquid
c) c) Gas
d) d) All of the above

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2. According to Kinetic
Molecular Theory, what
happens to the particles in
a substance as its
temperature increases?
a)They move faster.
b)They move slower.
c)They stop moving.
d)Their arrangement
doesn't change.

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3. What do you call the
process of changing a
solid into liquid by
heating it?
a)Melting
b)Freezing
c)Evaporation
d)Condensation

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4. In which state of matter
do particles have the most
freedom of movement?
a) Solid
b) Liquid
c) Gas
d) All of the above have the
same freedom of

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5. What term describes the
process of a liquid
changing into a gas at its
surface?
a) Melting
b) Freezing
c) Evaporation
d) Condensation

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6. What happens to the
particles of a substance
during melting?
a) Gain energy and move
faster.
b)Lose energy and move
slower.
c) Don't change their energy
or arrangement.

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7. Which of the following
is NOT a factor affecting
condensation?
a) Pressure
b) Temperature
c) The color of the
surface
d) Presence of water
vapor in the air

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8. What is the opposite
process of freezing?
a) Boiling
b) Melting
c) Evaporation
d) Condensation

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9. What happens to the
particles as a gas cool down
and condenses?
a) Gain energy and move
faster.
b) Gain energy and move
slower.
c) Lose energy and move
closer together.
d) Lose energy but maintain

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10. What process is
involved in
everyday fog
formation?
a) Melting
b) Boiling
c) Evaporation
d) Condensation