The document consists of questions and answers related to scientific models, the composition of matter, and the kinetic molecular theory. It discusses the purpose of models in science, the classification of pure substances into elements and compounds, and how particle motion relates to different phases of matter. Additionally, there are checkpoints and activities to reinforce vocabulary and understanding of these concepts.

1. UNDERSTANDING CHECK!
Prepare ¼ sheet of
paper

2. WRITE THE LETTER OF YOUR CHOICE
1. Why do scientists use models?
a. To make their work easier
b. Because reality is too simple to study
directly
c. To study complex systems that are difficult
to observe directly
d. Only for educational purposes

3. 2. What is a key reason for using models in scientific
research?
a. Models are always 100% accurate
b. Models allow for simultaneous consideration of all
factors
c. Models help in analyzing and making predictions
about complex systems
d. Models are only used for visual representation

4. 3. Which of the following is NOT a type of
scientific model mentioned?
a. Physical models
b. Conceptual models
c. Mathematical models
d. Verbal models

5. 4. What is an example of a physical
model?
a. A written description of Earth's climate
b. A globe or a map
c. A mathematical equation
d. A theory about climate change

6. 5. What is the main purpose of conceptual
models?
a. To create physical representations
b. To tie together many ideas to explain a
phenomenon or event
c. To replace mathematical models
d. To simplify complex systems into single
factors

7. 6. Why is it impossible to consider all factors
simultaneously when studying climate?
a. Scientists are not interested in all factors
b. There are too few factors to consider
c. Climate is not a complex system
d. Many factors influence climate, making it too
complex to study all at once

8. 7. Which statement best describes the
relationship between models and reality?
a. Models are exact replicas of reality
b. Models are always more complex than reality
c. Models are simplified representations of
complex realities
d. Models and reality are completely unrelated

9. 8. How do models help scientists in their work?
a. They replace the need for actual research
b. They provide a way to analyze and make
predictions about complex systems
c. They only help in teaching concepts to
students
d. They make scientific work more complicated

10. 9. What is a key characteristic of Earth's climate
system?
a. It is simple and easy to study directly
b. It can be fully represented by a single model
c. It is complex and influenced by many factors
d. It is not suitable for scientific modeling

11. 10. Which of the following best describes the
purpose of using different types of models?
a. To confuse other scientists
b. To make scientific papers longer
c. To approach complex systems from various
perspectives
d. To avoid mathematical calculations

12. 11-15. Enumerate the 5
models of atom

13. ANSWER KEY
1. c. To study complex systems that are difficult to observe directly
2. c. Models help in analyzing and making predictions about complex systems
3. d. Verbal models
4. b. A globe or a map
5. b. To tie together many ideas to explain a phenomenon or event
6. d. Many factors influence climate, making it too complex to study all at once
7. c. Models are simplified representations of complex realities
8. b. They provide a way to analyze and make predictions about complex
systems
9. c. It is complex and influenced by many factors
10. c. To approach complex systems from various perspectives

14. ANSWER KEY
Solid Sphere model
Plum pudding model
Nuclear model
Planetary model
Quantum model

15. ELEMENTS
&
&
COMPOUNDS

16. SHORT REVIEW
• What was the discussion last
week all about?
• What is an atom?
• What is the composition of
atom?
• What are the three states of
matter?
• What is the name of the
representation of the molecules
of solid liquid and gas?
• The discussion was about the states
of matter, models of matter, and
history of atom
• Atoms are the fundamental building
blocks of elements, while molecules
consist of two or more atoms
chemically bonded together
• Proton and neutron surrounded by an
electron
• Solid, liquid and gas
• Models of matter

18. PURE SUBSTANCES
ELEMENTS & COMPOUNDS
• What is a pure substance?
- Pure substances are substances that are made
up of only one kind of particle and have a fixed or
constant structure.
It is further classified as element or compound

19. • Element - An element is a substance that consists of only
one type or kind of atom. An element is a pure substance
as it cannot be broken down or transformed into a new
substance even by using some physical or chemical means.
Elements are mostly metals, non-metals or metalloids.
• Everything found in the Periodic table are elements
PURE SUBSTANCES
ELEMENTS & COMPOUNDS

21. • Compound - are also pure substances
when two or more elements are
combined chemically in a fixed ratio.
However, these substances can be
broken down into separate elements by
chemical methods.
PURE SUBSTANCES
ELEMENTS & COMPOUNDS

22. CHECKPOINT

23. DETERMINE IF THE GIVEN WORD IS ELEMENT OR
COMPOUND!
1.Oxygen (O)
2.Carbon
Dioxide (CO₂)
3.Iron (Fe)
4.Gold (Au)
5.Salt (NaCl)

24. 1.Sugar
(C12 H22 O11)
2.Potassium (K)
3.Krypton (Kr)
4.Ammonia
(NH3)
5.Mercury (Hg)

25. 1. Element
2. Compound
3. Element
4. Element
5. Compound
6. Compound
7. Element
8. Element
9. Compound
10.Element

26. KINETIC MOLECULAR THEORY
• The kinetic theory of matter helps us to explain
why matter exists in different phases (i.e. solid,
liquid and gas), and how matter can change from
one phase to another. The kinetic theory of matter
also helps us to understand other properties of
matter.

27. Property of matter Solid Liquid Gas
Particles Atoms or molecules Atoms or molecules Atoms or molecules
Energy and movement
of particles
Low energy - particles
vibrate around a fixed
point.
Particles have more
energy than in the solid
phase but less than in
the gas phase.
Particles have high
energy and are
constantly moving.
Spaces between
particles
Very little space between
particles. Particles are
tightly packed together.
Bigger spaces than in
solids but smaller than
in gases.
Large spaces because of
high energy.
Attractive forces
between particles.
Very strong forces.
Solids have a fixed
volume.
Weaker forces than in
solids, but stronger
forces than in gases.
Weak forces because of
the large distance
between particles.
Changes in phase.
Solids become liquids or
gases if their
temperature is
increased.
A liquid becomes a gas if
its temperature is
increased. A liquid
becomes a solid if its
temperature decreases.
In general a gas becomes a
liquid or solid when it is
cooled. Particles have less
energy and therefore move
closer together so that the
attractive forces become
stronger, and the gas

28. 1. How does particle motion relate to
temperature?
2. Why are spaces between particles
important?

29. GROUP ACTIVITY: VOCABULARY SCRAMBLE!
1. You will be divided into groups of 4 or 5. Think of a
team name.
2. On the board/projector, you will see the list of
vocabulary words related to KMT, but the letters are
scrambled.
3. Unscramble the words within a time limit given by your
teacher.
4. Winning group will receive a prize

30. Answer: PARTICLE
A particle is defined as any basic unit of matter
and energy
1. TICELPAR

31. Answer: MOTION
The action or process of moving or being
moved
2.ONITMO

32. Answer: TEMPERATURE
the degree or intensity of heat present in a
substance or object
3.PERATREMTEU

33. Answer: PHASE
a distinct period or stage in a series of events or
a process of change or development
4. SEHPA

34. Answer: PARTICLE
A substance that flows freely but is of constant
volume, having a consistency like that of water
or oil
5. ILUQID

35. Answer: SPACE
A continuous area or expanse which is free,
available, or unoccupied
6. CAEPS

36. Answer: SOLID
Firm and stable in shape; not liquid or fluid.
7. DLIOS

37. Answer: MOLECULE
A group of atoms bonded together, representing
the smallest fundamental unit of a chemical
compound that can take part in a chemical
reaction
8. OELEUCLM