1. Sleeping With Technology
Christel De Maeyer
De 'Quantified Self' revolutie
5 december 2013
Personal Informatics, a solution for behavior change
in preventive healthcare?

2. Overview
sleep efficiency 97% last night, feeling crispy!
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Personal Informatics?
Behavior Design?
Overview of tools I research
Research Question
How? Fogg’s MAT model and Behavior Grid
Theory in real world practise
Results

3. Personal Informatics
• A set of tools to map behavior
• Aim to change behavior
• Biggest market today lifestyle, wellbeing, health,
40.000 mobile health apps in 2012
• 60% US is tracking exercise, diets, weight
• 33 % tracks other aspects, sleep patterns, blood
pressure, blood sugar
• 27 % Internet users track health data online
• 9 % Signed up for text messaging health alerts

4. Connecting
Anything
Anyone
Anytime

5. Self-Tracking Apps
Eatery App
Lift App
Runkeeper App

6. Self-Tracking Devices

7. Self-Tracking Devices Dashboards

8. Behavior Design
• Persuasive technology – Behavior
design
• Target audience is central – starting
from habits-behavior
• Triggers – Hot and Cold
• Simplicity
• Three core motivators

9. Model for understanding
persuasive side of devices and
software application
Simplicity factors
depending on person
and context to create
more ability, the
more ability the more
motivation
-
Fogg, 2008
Time
Money
Braincycles
Physical effort
Social acceptance
Non-Routine

10. 3 Core Motivators each 2 facets
Fogg, 2008

11. Measuring Behavior and
Behavioral Change
Fogg, 2010, Behavior Grid and Wizzard

12. Hot and Cold triggers
Put HOT triggers in the path of motivated people

13. Is 24/7 self-monitoring creating
enough awareness and persuasion to
get a balanced lifestyle?
Will it bring a general wellbeing with
self-monitored people?

14. Behavior change through technology or
Persuasive Technology
Measuring:
Calorie burning
Food Intake
Steps
Physical Activity
Sleep
Body Media armband as a measuring device

15. Sampling
Gender
Age
Culture
Lifestyle

16. Mid-Long Period Research
Phase I
Fall
tracking
October November
Phase II
Silent
Period
December
- February
Phase III
Spring
tracking
MarchApril

17. Taxonomy of Self-Monitoring
Data interpretation
Coaching/feedback
loop
Goal setting
Selfmonitoring
process
Adapted taxonomy
Personal
Coaching
Ananthanarayan, Siek, 2012
Fogg, 2007

18. Phase I Fall 2012
Findings
Phase II Winter
8 out of 10 experimenters
stop self-tracking
3 core motivators
- Sensation: pleasure, ‘new’, curiosity
- Anticipation: hope, trigger to change
something
- Social cohesion: being part of
something cool, group feeling
device created dependencies:
without device =
Back to old routines, less awareness
Phase III Spring 2013
3 core motivators turn into
negative behavior with some
participants:
Sensation: ‘new’ & ‘curiosity’ gone
Anticipation: confrontation with data
Social cohesion: rejection, outside
world reactions
Phase III 2 women dropped out –
Data frustration- Problems with the device
One only tracked herself for 20 % ignorable data
Men more consistent focus on sleep and activity
Women focus on weight loss, more difficult to do

19. Findings – Dot and Span Behavior
Ability factors/Context factors: (Money, Time,
Brain Cycles, Physical Effort, None-Routine, Out
of the Ordinary)
Device:
• Fall: feels comfortable, identifies with it, but
first signs of ‘Out of the ordinary’
• Spring: doing good = ‘takes time’, less comfort
in long time wearing, outsiders remarks ‘Out
of the ordinary’

20. Findings – Dot and Span Behavior
Behavior:
• Fall: small changes, creating routines
instructed, brain cycles (cognitive investment)
made
• Spring: due to stop, routine not established,
lack of maintenance in habit forming and
cognitive effort

21. Findings – Dot and Span Behavior
Culture and season:
• Culture: SF vibrant city, nature aspects,
attractive to be active (not representative for
US!). BE city vs rural area, latter more
attractive
• Season: SF weather is a trigger to go outside.
BE seasonal effect, weather dependency high,
less activity

22. Conclusion
• Facilitate (triggers and higher the ability, instead of
motivate behavior change)
• Simplicity stimulates behavior change
• What do we want people to do?
• Help people what they already want to do
• It has to be very easy! (LarkLife – Body Media)
• Zeo Bedside Model versus Zeo Mobile
• Mainstream? Intuitive, discrete, second skin, less
expensive, seamless synchronizing process, data
presentation, there needs to be a need!

23. Thanks
Christel De Maeyer
christeldm@gmail.com
http://Sleepingwithtechnology.com