'Quantification' is one of the vital chapter in learning semantics. How we quantify something related to the meanings?

1. QUANTIFICATION
By Group 10
Venti Septika Trialoka A1B013001
Dhea Rizky Evalina A1B013005
Ana Fauziah A1B013011

2. What is Quantification and
Quantifiers?
 Quantification is a limitation imposed on the variables of a
proposition (as by the quantifiers `some' or `all' or `no')
 Quantifiers is the words that used to show the quantification,
such as all, some, and most.

3. a. Cardinal Quantifiers
o Cardinal quantifiers is quantifiers that are tied to just the cardinality of a set.
o For example:
a. No corgis are vegetarian. | C ∩ V |= 0
b. Several corgis are vegetarian. 2 < | C ∩ V |< 10
c. At least three corgis are vegetarian. 2 < | C ∩ V |
d. Some corgis are vegetarian. 1 < | C ∩ V |
e. At least one corgi is a vegetarian. 0 < | C ∩ V |
o Sentences with cardinal quantifiers, have a kind of symmetry that they
would not have with certain other quantifiers: the nouns can exchange
positions without truth or falsity being affected.

4. Proportional Quantifiers
o Proportional quantifiers is sentences that the truth of it depends on
how the totality of elements is split between an intersection and a
remainder.
o For example:
a. Most corgis are meat eaters. | C ∩ M | > | C – M |
b. Less than half the world’s corgis are meat eaters.
| C ∩ M | < | C – M |
c. Few corgis are vegetarian. | C ∩ V | << | C – V |

5. Distributive
Quantifiers
Examples (7.31)
a. Every corgi is a meat eater. C ⊆ M
b. All corgis are meat eaters. C ⊆ M

6. Connection between
Quantifiers and Modality
Examples (7.32) :
a. All As are Bs. A⊆B
(must, has to, will, should, ought to)
b. At least one A is a B. 0 < | A∩B |
(may, might)
c. No As are Bs. | A∩B |= 0
(can)

7. Quantifiers and Scope
Examples (7.33)
a. None of the books was available.
=> As for every book (not (it was available))
b. All the books were not available.
=> Not (as for every book(it was available))
=> As for every book (not(it was available))
c. Not all of the books were available.
=> Not (as for every book(it was available))

8. THANK YOU