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International Journal of Advanced Engineering, Management and Science (IJAEMS) [Vol-2, Issue-5, May- 2016]
Infogain Publication (Infogainpublication.com) ISSN: 2454-1311
www.ijaems.com Page | 420
Quality of Work Life of Indian Bank Employees:
A Study in Warangal District, Telangana
Aravinda M1
, Ratna Kishore N2
1
Research Scholar, Dept of Commerce & Business Management, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Guntur, India
2
Assistant professor, Dept of Commerce & Business Management, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Guntur.India
Abstract— Quality of Work Life has assumed increasing
interest and importance in both industrialized and
developing countries of the world. In India, its scope seems
to be broader than all labour legislations enacted to protect
the workers. It focuses on job security and economic growth
of employees. The issue of Quality of Work Life within
banking services has drawn considerable attention over the
past few years. The movement towards the better service
has increased the development of the banking industry.
Employees of the banks are providing lots of services in
order to remain competitive in a rapidly changing market.
On the other hand banks are rewarding those employees by
providing many benefits. However, which increased
working hours, stress and responsibilities many bankers are
unable to balance their personal and professional lives.
And, it is resulting in delivering of poor service to the
customers. In this context it is felt necessary to conduct a
detailed investigation on how bank employees manage their
work and personal life.
Keywords— Quality of Work Life, Stress and Bank
Employees.
I. INTRODUCTION
Organization/institutions are made of people who possess
skills, abilities, aptitudes that create competitive advantage
for it. Various functions of an institute is planned, executed
and controlled by human resource. So it is essential for the
institution to do proper management of human resource in
order to achieve its objectives efficiently and effectively.
The management of human resource plays a key role in
opening up new opportunities for promoting the growth of
both individual and organization. Through ‘Quality of work
Life’ (QWL) the institute works in the same direction.
Now-a-days, jobs are so demanding that it imbalance the
family and work life due to job pressure and conflicting
interests. So it is essential for the institution to develop
quality relation between its employees and working
environment. In order to attract and retain employees, an
organization has to develop a high quality of work life.
Organizations by adopting QWL program ensure to create
excellent work condition and job for its employees. Hence,
QWL seeks to create such a work environment where the
employees work co-operatively and make positive
contribution in achieving organizational objectives.
Quality of work life refers to the favorableness or un-
favorableness of a job environment for people. It exposes
the quality of relationship between employees and the total
working environment. QWL has assumed increasing
interest and importance in both industrialized and
developing countries of the world. In India, its scope seems
to be broader than all labour legislations enacted to protect
the workers. It focuses on job security and economic growth
of employees. The concept of QWL views works as a
process of interaction and joint problems solving by
working people – managers, supervisors and workers. This
process is cooperative rather than authoritarian rather than
rules based, interpersonal rather than mechanistic, problem
solving win rather than win lose and based on mutual
respect.
II. NEED OF THE STUDY
Indian Banking is essentially a person – to – person
business. In service industry like banking, the quality of
human resource assumes vital importance, bank customers
would normally do business with a bank whose staff are
well informed and well disposed. For this reason the best
personnel are selected, motivated and trained to conduct
marketing function in a better way. Improved efficiency and
promotion of personalised services are required on the part
of the employees for them to offer from a delicate link
between the management and the clerical staff. The success
of the bank depends upon the coordination, synchronisation
and cooperation of the bank officers with these two very
divergent entitles. Hence, the job satisfaction of the
employees is prime important because only a satisfied and
happy officer will be able to balance the life and work in the
bank i.e. Quality of Work Life.
International Journal of Advanced Engineering, Management and Science (IJAEMS) [Vol-2, Issue-5, May- 2016]
Infogain Publication (Infogainpublication.com) ISSN: 2454-1311
www.ijaems.com Page | 421
The issue of Quality of Work Life within banking services
has drawn considerable attention over the past few years.
The movement towards the better service has increased the
development of the banking industry. Employees of the
banks are providing lots of services in order to remain
competitive in a rapidly changing market. On the other hand
banks are rewarding those employees by providing many
benefits. However, which increased working hours, stress
and responsibilities many bankers are unable to balance
their personal and professional lives. And, it is resulting in
delivering of poor service to the customers. In this context it
is felt necessary to conduct a detailed investigation on how
bank employees manage their work and personal life.
Objectives of the study: The following are the main
objectives of the study.
To examine the quality of work life of bank employees
of banks (private and public) in Warangal district
To measure the time spent in bank by employees both
designation wise and gender wise
To assess the impact of professional life on personal
life of employees
To identify the additional facilities sought by
employees.
Methodology of the study
A questionnaire was designed to collect data on issues
related to Quality of Work Life in Banking Sector.
Variables in the questionnaire were selected based on the
working hours per day, time spent with children, feeling
tired or depressed due to work, missing quality time,
worrying about work when not at work etc., The
questionnaire was distributed at work places by using
convenience sampling method. Five hundred employees
from public and private sector banks in Warangal district
responded to the survey.
III. DATA ANALYSIS
This part of the study provides an in-depth analysis of the
questionnaire results, which is split down into seven
sections namely Respondent profile, Working Hours, Feel
or Depressed due to Work, Worry about Work, Miss
Quality Time due to Work Pressure, Quality of Work Life
and Facilities to Helping Balance Work Life.
Profile of the respondents
For the present study, 500 respondents were selected from
the two public sector and two private sector banks in
Warangal city, the respondents consists of employees
belonging to managerial cadre and clerical cadre. Out of
these, 132 respondents were from State Bank of India (SBI),
126 are Andhra Bank (AB), 118 are from Housing
Development Finance Corporation (HDFC) and 124 are
from Industrial Credit and Investment Corporation of India
(ICICI).
From the table 2, it can be observed that 34% of the
respondents are above 50 years followed by 28%
respondents who below 30 years. 22% respondents fall
under 41-50 years age group. Only 16% respondents are 31-
40 years old. With respect to gender, 70% respondents are
male and the remaining 30% were females. Regarding the
marital status, 80% respondents are married and 20% are
unmarried. About the occupation, 50% each belonged to
managerial cadre and clerical cadre respectively.
Working Hours of the Respondents
Table 3 has brought to light that 42% respondents work for
9 – 10 hours per day while 24% respondents work for 7 – 8
hours. 20% respondents work for more than 10 hours and
14% respondents work for 8 – 9 hours per day. Thus it
found that most of the respondents work for 9 -10 hours per
day. It signifies that work pressure is more on employees.
With regard to managers, almost all of them i.e., 49% work
for more than 9 hours and only 12% of them work for 7-8
hours. Regarding the respondents belonging to clerical
level, most of them (20%) work for 7 – 8 hours. 14% each
work for more than 10 hours and 8 – 9 hours. Only 2%
work for 9 – 10 hours. Therefore it can be observed that the
managerial level employees are having the more work than
clerical level employees in banks. It indicates that the
managerial level employees have more responsibility.
Table 4 shows that most of the respondents (48%) spend
less than 3hours per day with children. Another 20% are
either unmarried or their children are married and are living
independently. 16% respondents spend 4-5 hours and 8%
respondents each spend 3-4 hours and more than 5hours
respectively. It can be observed that most of the employees
spend less than 3hours with their children. The reason is
that bank employee’s work for longer hours in the bank and
thus they have less time to spend with children. If working
hours per day is concerned, out of the total employees
working for 7-8hours, 50% of them spend less than 3hours
per day with their children. 40% employees are either
unmarried or their children are married. Around 8%
employees each spend 3-4hours and more than 5hours.
Regarding employees working for 8-9hours, most of them
(43%) spend less than 3hours. Around 29% spend 4-5 hours
while around 14% of them get 3-4hours to spend with their
children. For the remaining 14% it is not applicable. Out of
the respondents working for 9-10hours, majority i.e. around
67% spend less than 3hours with their children. The next
majority (14%) constitutes more than 5hours. Only 10%
International Journal of Advanced Engineering, Management and Science (IJAEMS) [Vol-2, Issue-5, May- 2016]
Infogain Publication (Infogainpublication.com) ISSN: 2454-1311
www.ijaems.com Page | 422
spend 4-5hours. About the employees working for more
than 10hours, most of them (40%) spend 4-5 hours with
their children, 20% spend 3-4hours, while 10% spend less
than 3hours per day with their children.
Feeling or Depressed due to Work
Table 5 reveals that majority of the respondents i.e. 28%
each get depressed due to work often and always while 24%
employees said that they rarely get tired or depressed. 12%
said they get tired or depressed, whereas only 8% said they
never feel so. Thus, it can be understood that majority of the
employees feel tired or depressed due to work often and
always. The reason for this may be existence of more work
pressure in banks. About the employees working for 7-8
hours, majority of them (67%) rarely feel tired or depressed
due to work. Around 17% often feel tired or depressed
while around 8% feel so sometimes and always. Regarding
employees working for 8-9hours, majority of them (around
57%) said they never feel tired or depressed. Around 29%
said they always feel tired or depressed. 14% employees
said they rarely feel. Out of the total employees working
for 9-10hours, around 38% said they always feel tired or
depressed due to work. 33% said they often feel tired or
depressed whereas 14% each said they feel so rarely and the
other 14% said they feel like that sometimes. When
respondents working for more than 10hours are concerned,
50% of them often feel tired or depressed whereas 30% feel
so always.20% respondents said they sometimes feel tired
or depressed due to work.
Further, an attempt is also made to one way analysis of
variance (i.e. ANOVA) test has been applied to test whether
significant difference exists between working hours per day
of employees and their feeling Tired or Depressed due to
work.
Null Hypothesis (H0): There is no significant deference
among respondents belonging to working hours per day of
employees and their feeling Tired or Depressed due to
work.
Test F - Value P-Value Result
ANOVA Test 1.142 .361
Accepted
(H0)
Source: Compiled from Table 5.
The above table shows that the calculated value of F (1.142)
is greater than the critical value P (.361). Thus the farmed
null hypothesis is accepted. Hence, there is no significant
difference among respondents belonging to working hours
per day of employees and their feeling tired or Depressed
due to work.
Worry about Work
Table 6 reveals that most of the respondents (34%) said
they always worry about work when they are not at work.
20% respondents have said that they often worry about
work when they are not working, while 18% said they
worry about work sometimes only. 18% have said they
rarely worry about work whereas 12% respondents said
they never bother about work after they come out of bank.
Thus we can understand that most of the bank employees
worry about work even after their working hours. It may be
due to more work pressure in the banks and thus the
employees concentrate more on their work.
When the age group is taken into consideration, most
respondents i.e. 34% are above 50years, followed by 28%
respondents who are below 30years. 22% are fall in the age
group of 41-50 years. 31- 40 years age group constitutes the
least number with only 16% respondents. Out of the
respondents who are above 50years, most of them (34%)
said they always worry about work even when not working.
It is followed by 24% respondents who said they often
worry about work while the other 24% said they never
worry about work. 17% respondents said they never worry
about work when they are not working. Among the
respondents who are below 30 years, majority of them
(36%) said they always worry about work when not
working, while 22% said they worry often when not at
work. 14% respondents said they worry sometimes, the
other 14% said rarely worry about work and the remaining
14% said they never worry about work when they are not
working.
Regarding the respondents who fall in the age group of 41-
50years, 27% said they always worry about work when they
are not working. The next 27% said they worry about work
often while the other 27% said they worry rarely. The
remaining 19% have said that when they are not working
get worried about work only sometimes. Coming to the
respondents of 31-40 years age group, around 38% said
even when they are not working, they always get worried
about work. The other 38% said they rarely worry about
work when not working. The remaining 25% said they
worry about work sometimes when they are not working.
Missing Quality Time due to Work Pressure
Table 7 shows that majority (36%) of the respondents feel
that they always miss quality time due to work pressure.
The next majority of them (28%) felt they often miss
quality time due to work. 18% respondents felt they rarely
miss quality time whereas 5% said it happens rarely. The
remaining 8% said they sometimes miss quality time due to
work. Thus, it can be known that majority of the
International Journal of Advanced Engineering, Management and Science (IJAEMS) [Vol-2, Issue-5, May- 2016]
Infogain Publication (Infogainpublication.com) ISSN: 2454-1311
www.ijaems.com Page | 423
respondents’ miss quality time due to work. As the bank
employees work for longer hours, they will not get much
time to spend for other activities, even for important works.
Among the respondents working for 7-8 hours, majority of
them i.e. 33% felt they always miss quality time due to
work. The next majority constitutes 25% respondents who
felt they often miss quality time whereas the other 25% felt
it happens rarely. 8% respondents said that they sometimes
miss quality time while the other 10% respondents felt they
rarely miss quality time due to work. Regarding the
respondents working for 8-9 hours, there is a mixed picture.
29% respondent said they always miss quality time due to
work. The other 29% said they miss quality time often,
whereas another 29% said it happens sometimes. The
remaining 13% said they sometimes miss quality time due
to work. Out of the total respondents working for 9-
10hours, majority of them (33%) opine that they often miss
quality time due to work. 24% respondents constituting the
next majority opine that due to work, they always miss
quality time. 19% said that they rarely miss quality time;
other 19% said they never missed any quality time. The
remaining 5% opined they sometimes miss quality time due
to work. About the respondents working for more than
10hours, those who feel that they always miss quality time
due to work constitute a vast majority of 70%. The next
majority constitutes only 20% who feel they often miss
quality time because of work. The remaining 10% feel they
sometimes miss quality time due to work. In this category,
there are no respondents who never miss quality time or at
least feel so only sometimes.
Quality of Work Life
Table 8, it can be understood that majority of the
respondents (56%) respondents feel that their work life
balance is poor, followed by 24% respondents who feel it is
average. The remaining 10% respondents feel that their
work life balance is good. Thus, it is observed that most of
the respondents feel that their work life balance is poor.
This is because the bank employees spend most of their
time in the bank; they don’t have much time to look after
their personal works.
Out of the total respondents working for 7-8hours, most of
them (50%) said that their work life balance is poor. 33%
respondents said it is average. The remaining 17% said their
work life balance is good. About the respondents working
for 8-9 hours, 57% of them who constitute the majority
opine that their work life balance is poor while 29% opined
that it is poor. The rest of them (14%) felt their work life
balance is poor. Coming to the category respondents
working for 9-10hours, majority (48%) of them perceive
that their work life balance is poor. The perception of the
next majority (28%) is that their work life balance is
average. 24% respondents perceive that their work life
balance is good. Regarding the employees working for more
than 10 hours, a huge majority of them consisting of 80%
are of the opinion that their work life balance is average.
10% are of the opinion that it is average and the remaining
10% presented the opinion that their work life balance is
good.
Facilities for Helping Balance Work Life
Table 9 reveals that the support from boss is the main
facility helping to balance work life. The next facility is
attributed to the Support from colleagues at work. Flexible
working hours, Time-off for family engagement/events and
Different Kinds of Leaves occupies 3rd
, 4th
and 5th
places
respectively. 6th
place is attributed to Working from home.
Holidays/Paid time offs, parenting and Pregnancy Policies
occupies the next two places. Finally, Being able to bring
Children to work is occupies the last place.
Contribution
Our findings suggest that working hours should be
maintained for this purpose shift wise working system
should be implemented.
The vast majority of the managerial level employees
are ready to share their responsibility with every
employee of the bank.
Most of the employees are preferred 5 day week
because most of them spend less than 3 hours per
day with their children. The reason is that bank
employees work for longer hours in the bank and thus
they have less time to spend with children.
A break of 15 minutes for every 2 hours in desired by
many employees in order to avoid fatigue.
Health camps and Yoga class should be conducted to
maintain physical and mental health.
Most of the respondents miss quality time due to work.
So that the banks should provide flexible working
hours and Time-off for family engagement/events to
employees.
Many employees felt that Support from the boss is
critical in balancing work life followed by Support
from colleagues at work, Flexible working hours,
Time-off for family engagement/events and Different
Kinds of Leaves and facility of Working from home.
IV. CONCLUSION
This study brings out some of the issues related to quality of
work life of public and private sector banks employees in
Warangal district indicating the Indian context. The study
International Journal of Advanced Engineering, Management and Science (IJAEMS) [Vol-2, Issue-5, May- 2016]
Infogain Publication (Infogainpublication.com) ISSN: 2454-1311
www.ijaems.com Page | 424
indicates that quality of work life issues here are quite
similar to those in the West countries. While most countries
developed have put in place family friendly work practices,
the same is yet to be seen in good measure in India public
sector banks.
With the increase in number of dual career couples in
Warangal district, it is but natural that such practices must
be adopted here too, as they would go a long way towards
improving productivity and enhancing quality of work and
family life. Flex time, home working, child care facilities
and the option to work part time are facilities that need to be
introduced. Building a supportive work environment is yet
another important initiative to be addressed.
The study relies on the responses of the sample employees.
The results of the study are affected by these responses and
are subject to varying in a bigger or different sample. These
limitations need to be addressed in future studies. Future
research can focus on a wider sample in order to get more
generalized results. Moreover, it should be directed at
understanding individual differences so that employee
specific initiatives to improve work life balance could be
implemented by organizations.
Table 1: Sample Size
Banks Respondents %
Public Sector Banking Sector
State Bank of India (SBI) 132 26
Andhra Bank (AB) 126 25
Private Sector Banks
Housing Development Finance
Corporation (HDFC)
118 24
Industrial Credit and Investment
Corporation of India (ICICI)
124 25
Total 500 100
Source: Primary Data.
Table 2: Demographic Profile of the Respondents
No. of
Respondents
%
Age
Below 30 years 140 28
31- 40 years 80 16
41-50 years 110 22
Above 50 years 170 34
Gender
Male 350 70
Female 150 30
Marital Status
Married 400 80
Unmarried 100 20
Occupation of the Respondents
Manager 250 50
Clerk 250 50
Source: Primary Data.
Table 3: Designation of the Employees Vs Working Hours
per Day
Designation
of the
Employees
Working Hours Per Day
Total7- 8
hours
8 – 9
hours
9 – 10
hours
More
than
10
hours
Manager
20
(12%)
0
(0%)
200
(40%)
30
(9%)
250
(100%)
Clerk
100
(20%)
70
(14%)
10
(2%)
70
(14%)
250
(100%)
Total
120
(24%)
70
(14%)
210
(42%)
100
(20%)
500
(100%)
Source: Primary Data.
Table 4: Working Hours per Day Vs Spending Time with
Children
Working
Hours
Per Day
Spending Time with Children
Total
Less
than
3
hours
3 – 4
hours
4 -5
hours
More
than
5
hours
Not
Related
7- 8
hours
0
(0%)
40
(8%)
30
(6%)
10
(2%)
40
(8%)
120
(24%)
8 – 9
hours
30
(6%)
10
(2%)
20
(4%)
0
(0%)
10
(2%)
70
(14%)
9 – 10
hours
140
(28%)
20
(4%)
20
(4%)
10
(2%)
20
(4%)
210
(42%)
More
than 10
hours
40
(8%)
20
(4%)
10
(2%)
0
(0%)
30
(6%)
100
(20%)
Total
240
(42%)
40
(8%)
80
(16%)
40
(8%)
100
(20%)
500
(100%)
Source: Primary Data.
International Journal of Advanced Engineering, Management and Science (IJAEMS) [Vol-2, Issue-5, May- 2016]
Infogain Publication (Infogainpublication.com) ISSN: 2454-1311
www.ijaems.com Page | 425
Table 5: Working Hours per Day Vs Feeling Tired or
Depressed due to Work
Working
Hours
Per Day
Working Hours Per Day
Total
Never Rarely Sometimes Often Always
7- 8
hours
0
(0%)
80
(67%)
10
(8%)
20
(17%)
10
(8%)
120
(100%)
8 – 9
hours
40
(57%)
10
(14%)
0
(0%)
0
(0%)
20
(29%)
70
(100%)
9 – 10
hours
0
(0%)
30
(14%)
30
(14%)
70
(33%)
80
(38%)
210
(100%)
More
than 10
hours
0
(0%)
0
(0%)
20
(20%)
50
(50%)
30
(30%)
100
(100%)
Total
40
(8%)
120
(24%)
60
(12%)
140
(28%)
140
(28%)
500
(100%)
Source: Primary Data.
Table 6: Age of Respondents Vs Worrying about Work when
not at Work
Work
ing
Hours
Per
Day
Worrying about Work when not at
Work
Tota
lNev
er
Rar
ely
Someti
mes
Ofte
n
Alwa
ys
Below
30
years
20
(14
%)
20
(14
%)
20
(14%)
30
(22
%)
50
(36%
)
140
(28
%)
31 -40
years
0
(0%
)
30
(38
%)
20
(24%)
0
(0%
)
30
(38%
)
80
(16
%)
41 –
50
years
0
(0%
)
30
(27
%)
20
(19%)
30
(27
%)
30
(27%
)
110
(22
%)
Above
50
years
40
(24
%)
0
(0%)
30
(17%)
40
(24
%)
60
(35%
)
170
(34
%)
Total
60
(12
%)
80
(16
%)
90
(18%)
100
(20
%)
170
(34
%)
500
(100
%)
Source: Primary Data.
Table 7: Working Hours per Day Vs Missing Quality Time
due to Work
Worki
ng
Hours
Per
Day
Missing Quality Time due to Work
TotalNeve
r
Rar
ely
Someti
mes
Ofte
n
Alwa
ys
7- 8
hours
10
(8%)
30
(25
%)
10
(8%)
30
(25
%)
40
(34%
)
120
(24
%)
8 – 9
hours
0
(0%)
20
(29
%)
10
(13%)
20
(29
%)
20
(29%
)
70
(14
%)
9 – 10
hours
4
0(19
%)
40
(19
%)
10
(5%)
70
(33
%)
50
(24%
)
210
(42
%)
More
than
10
hours
0
(0%)
0
(0%)
10
(10%)
20
(20
%)
70
(70%
)
100
(20
%)
Total
50
(10
%)
90
(18
%)
40
(8%)
140
(28
%)
18
0(36
%)
500
(100
%)
Source: Primary Data.
Table 8: Working Hours per Day Vs Work Life Balance
Working
Hours
Per Day
Work Life Balance
Total
Good Average Poor
7- 8
hours
20
(17%)
40
(33%)
60
(50%)
120
(24%)
8 – 9
hours
10
(14%)
20
(29%)
40
(57%)
70
(14%)
9 – 10
hours
60
(28%)
50
(24%)
100
(48%)
210
(42%)
More
than 10
hours
10
(10%)
10
(10%)
80
(80%)
100
(20%)
Total
100
(20%)
120
(24%)
280
(56%)
500
(100%)
Source: Primary Data.
Table 9: Facilities Helping to Balance Work Life
Facilities Helping to
Work Life Balance
Yes No
Flexible working hours
320
(64%)
180
(36%)
Different Kinds of Leaves
220
(44%)
280
(56%)
International Journal of Advanced Engineering, Management and Science (IJAEMS) [Vol-2, Issue-5, May- 2016]
Infogain Publication (Infogainpublication.com) ISSN: 2454-1311
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Holidays/Paid time offs
180
(36%)
320
(64%)
Time-off for family
engagement/events
260
(52%)
240
(48%)
Parenting and Pregnancy
Policies
170
(34%)
330
(66%)
Working from home
240
(48%)
260
(52%)
Technological like cell
phones/ laptops
260
(52%)
240
(48%)
Being able to bring
Children to work
120
(24%)
380
(78%)
Support from colleagues
at work
400
(80%)
100
(20%)
Support from Boss
440
(88%)
60
(12%)
Source: Primary Data.
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Quality of Work Life of Indian Bank Employees: A Study in Warangal District, Telangana

  • 1. International Journal of Advanced Engineering, Management and Science (IJAEMS) [Vol-2, Issue-5, May- 2016] Infogain Publication (Infogainpublication.com) ISSN: 2454-1311 www.ijaems.com Page | 420 Quality of Work Life of Indian Bank Employees: A Study in Warangal District, Telangana Aravinda M1 , Ratna Kishore N2 1 Research Scholar, Dept of Commerce & Business Management, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Guntur, India 2 Assistant professor, Dept of Commerce & Business Management, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Guntur.India Abstract— Quality of Work Life has assumed increasing interest and importance in both industrialized and developing countries of the world. In India, its scope seems to be broader than all labour legislations enacted to protect the workers. It focuses on job security and economic growth of employees. The issue of Quality of Work Life within banking services has drawn considerable attention over the past few years. The movement towards the better service has increased the development of the banking industry. Employees of the banks are providing lots of services in order to remain competitive in a rapidly changing market. On the other hand banks are rewarding those employees by providing many benefits. However, which increased working hours, stress and responsibilities many bankers are unable to balance their personal and professional lives. And, it is resulting in delivering of poor service to the customers. In this context it is felt necessary to conduct a detailed investigation on how bank employees manage their work and personal life. Keywords— Quality of Work Life, Stress and Bank Employees. I. INTRODUCTION Organization/institutions are made of people who possess skills, abilities, aptitudes that create competitive advantage for it. Various functions of an institute is planned, executed and controlled by human resource. So it is essential for the institution to do proper management of human resource in order to achieve its objectives efficiently and effectively. The management of human resource plays a key role in opening up new opportunities for promoting the growth of both individual and organization. Through ‘Quality of work Life’ (QWL) the institute works in the same direction. Now-a-days, jobs are so demanding that it imbalance the family and work life due to job pressure and conflicting interests. So it is essential for the institution to develop quality relation between its employees and working environment. In order to attract and retain employees, an organization has to develop a high quality of work life. Organizations by adopting QWL program ensure to create excellent work condition and job for its employees. Hence, QWL seeks to create such a work environment where the employees work co-operatively and make positive contribution in achieving organizational objectives. Quality of work life refers to the favorableness or un- favorableness of a job environment for people. It exposes the quality of relationship between employees and the total working environment. QWL has assumed increasing interest and importance in both industrialized and developing countries of the world. In India, its scope seems to be broader than all labour legislations enacted to protect the workers. It focuses on job security and economic growth of employees. The concept of QWL views works as a process of interaction and joint problems solving by working people – managers, supervisors and workers. This process is cooperative rather than authoritarian rather than rules based, interpersonal rather than mechanistic, problem solving win rather than win lose and based on mutual respect. II. NEED OF THE STUDY Indian Banking is essentially a person – to – person business. In service industry like banking, the quality of human resource assumes vital importance, bank customers would normally do business with a bank whose staff are well informed and well disposed. For this reason the best personnel are selected, motivated and trained to conduct marketing function in a better way. Improved efficiency and promotion of personalised services are required on the part of the employees for them to offer from a delicate link between the management and the clerical staff. The success of the bank depends upon the coordination, synchronisation and cooperation of the bank officers with these two very divergent entitles. Hence, the job satisfaction of the employees is prime important because only a satisfied and happy officer will be able to balance the life and work in the bank i.e. Quality of Work Life.
  • 2. International Journal of Advanced Engineering, Management and Science (IJAEMS) [Vol-2, Issue-5, May- 2016] Infogain Publication (Infogainpublication.com) ISSN: 2454-1311 www.ijaems.com Page | 421 The issue of Quality of Work Life within banking services has drawn considerable attention over the past few years. The movement towards the better service has increased the development of the banking industry. Employees of the banks are providing lots of services in order to remain competitive in a rapidly changing market. On the other hand banks are rewarding those employees by providing many benefits. However, which increased working hours, stress and responsibilities many bankers are unable to balance their personal and professional lives. And, it is resulting in delivering of poor service to the customers. In this context it is felt necessary to conduct a detailed investigation on how bank employees manage their work and personal life. Objectives of the study: The following are the main objectives of the study. To examine the quality of work life of bank employees of banks (private and public) in Warangal district To measure the time spent in bank by employees both designation wise and gender wise To assess the impact of professional life on personal life of employees To identify the additional facilities sought by employees. Methodology of the study A questionnaire was designed to collect data on issues related to Quality of Work Life in Banking Sector. Variables in the questionnaire were selected based on the working hours per day, time spent with children, feeling tired or depressed due to work, missing quality time, worrying about work when not at work etc., The questionnaire was distributed at work places by using convenience sampling method. Five hundred employees from public and private sector banks in Warangal district responded to the survey. III. DATA ANALYSIS This part of the study provides an in-depth analysis of the questionnaire results, which is split down into seven sections namely Respondent profile, Working Hours, Feel or Depressed due to Work, Worry about Work, Miss Quality Time due to Work Pressure, Quality of Work Life and Facilities to Helping Balance Work Life. Profile of the respondents For the present study, 500 respondents were selected from the two public sector and two private sector banks in Warangal city, the respondents consists of employees belonging to managerial cadre and clerical cadre. Out of these, 132 respondents were from State Bank of India (SBI), 126 are Andhra Bank (AB), 118 are from Housing Development Finance Corporation (HDFC) and 124 are from Industrial Credit and Investment Corporation of India (ICICI). From the table 2, it can be observed that 34% of the respondents are above 50 years followed by 28% respondents who below 30 years. 22% respondents fall under 41-50 years age group. Only 16% respondents are 31- 40 years old. With respect to gender, 70% respondents are male and the remaining 30% were females. Regarding the marital status, 80% respondents are married and 20% are unmarried. About the occupation, 50% each belonged to managerial cadre and clerical cadre respectively. Working Hours of the Respondents Table 3 has brought to light that 42% respondents work for 9 – 10 hours per day while 24% respondents work for 7 – 8 hours. 20% respondents work for more than 10 hours and 14% respondents work for 8 – 9 hours per day. Thus it found that most of the respondents work for 9 -10 hours per day. It signifies that work pressure is more on employees. With regard to managers, almost all of them i.e., 49% work for more than 9 hours and only 12% of them work for 7-8 hours. Regarding the respondents belonging to clerical level, most of them (20%) work for 7 – 8 hours. 14% each work for more than 10 hours and 8 – 9 hours. Only 2% work for 9 – 10 hours. Therefore it can be observed that the managerial level employees are having the more work than clerical level employees in banks. It indicates that the managerial level employees have more responsibility. Table 4 shows that most of the respondents (48%) spend less than 3hours per day with children. Another 20% are either unmarried or their children are married and are living independently. 16% respondents spend 4-5 hours and 8% respondents each spend 3-4 hours and more than 5hours respectively. It can be observed that most of the employees spend less than 3hours with their children. The reason is that bank employee’s work for longer hours in the bank and thus they have less time to spend with children. If working hours per day is concerned, out of the total employees working for 7-8hours, 50% of them spend less than 3hours per day with their children. 40% employees are either unmarried or their children are married. Around 8% employees each spend 3-4hours and more than 5hours. Regarding employees working for 8-9hours, most of them (43%) spend less than 3hours. Around 29% spend 4-5 hours while around 14% of them get 3-4hours to spend with their children. For the remaining 14% it is not applicable. Out of the respondents working for 9-10hours, majority i.e. around 67% spend less than 3hours with their children. The next majority (14%) constitutes more than 5hours. Only 10%
  • 3. International Journal of Advanced Engineering, Management and Science (IJAEMS) [Vol-2, Issue-5, May- 2016] Infogain Publication (Infogainpublication.com) ISSN: 2454-1311 www.ijaems.com Page | 422 spend 4-5hours. About the employees working for more than 10hours, most of them (40%) spend 4-5 hours with their children, 20% spend 3-4hours, while 10% spend less than 3hours per day with their children. Feeling or Depressed due to Work Table 5 reveals that majority of the respondents i.e. 28% each get depressed due to work often and always while 24% employees said that they rarely get tired or depressed. 12% said they get tired or depressed, whereas only 8% said they never feel so. Thus, it can be understood that majority of the employees feel tired or depressed due to work often and always. The reason for this may be existence of more work pressure in banks. About the employees working for 7-8 hours, majority of them (67%) rarely feel tired or depressed due to work. Around 17% often feel tired or depressed while around 8% feel so sometimes and always. Regarding employees working for 8-9hours, majority of them (around 57%) said they never feel tired or depressed. Around 29% said they always feel tired or depressed. 14% employees said they rarely feel. Out of the total employees working for 9-10hours, around 38% said they always feel tired or depressed due to work. 33% said they often feel tired or depressed whereas 14% each said they feel so rarely and the other 14% said they feel like that sometimes. When respondents working for more than 10hours are concerned, 50% of them often feel tired or depressed whereas 30% feel so always.20% respondents said they sometimes feel tired or depressed due to work. Further, an attempt is also made to one way analysis of variance (i.e. ANOVA) test has been applied to test whether significant difference exists between working hours per day of employees and their feeling Tired or Depressed due to work. Null Hypothesis (H0): There is no significant deference among respondents belonging to working hours per day of employees and their feeling Tired or Depressed due to work. Test F - Value P-Value Result ANOVA Test 1.142 .361 Accepted (H0) Source: Compiled from Table 5. The above table shows that the calculated value of F (1.142) is greater than the critical value P (.361). Thus the farmed null hypothesis is accepted. Hence, there is no significant difference among respondents belonging to working hours per day of employees and their feeling tired or Depressed due to work. Worry about Work Table 6 reveals that most of the respondents (34%) said they always worry about work when they are not at work. 20% respondents have said that they often worry about work when they are not working, while 18% said they worry about work sometimes only. 18% have said they rarely worry about work whereas 12% respondents said they never bother about work after they come out of bank. Thus we can understand that most of the bank employees worry about work even after their working hours. It may be due to more work pressure in the banks and thus the employees concentrate more on their work. When the age group is taken into consideration, most respondents i.e. 34% are above 50years, followed by 28% respondents who are below 30years. 22% are fall in the age group of 41-50 years. 31- 40 years age group constitutes the least number with only 16% respondents. Out of the respondents who are above 50years, most of them (34%) said they always worry about work even when not working. It is followed by 24% respondents who said they often worry about work while the other 24% said they never worry about work. 17% respondents said they never worry about work when they are not working. Among the respondents who are below 30 years, majority of them (36%) said they always worry about work when not working, while 22% said they worry often when not at work. 14% respondents said they worry sometimes, the other 14% said rarely worry about work and the remaining 14% said they never worry about work when they are not working. Regarding the respondents who fall in the age group of 41- 50years, 27% said they always worry about work when they are not working. The next 27% said they worry about work often while the other 27% said they worry rarely. The remaining 19% have said that when they are not working get worried about work only sometimes. Coming to the respondents of 31-40 years age group, around 38% said even when they are not working, they always get worried about work. The other 38% said they rarely worry about work when not working. The remaining 25% said they worry about work sometimes when they are not working. Missing Quality Time due to Work Pressure Table 7 shows that majority (36%) of the respondents feel that they always miss quality time due to work pressure. The next majority of them (28%) felt they often miss quality time due to work. 18% respondents felt they rarely miss quality time whereas 5% said it happens rarely. The remaining 8% said they sometimes miss quality time due to work. Thus, it can be known that majority of the
  • 4. International Journal of Advanced Engineering, Management and Science (IJAEMS) [Vol-2, Issue-5, May- 2016] Infogain Publication (Infogainpublication.com) ISSN: 2454-1311 www.ijaems.com Page | 423 respondents’ miss quality time due to work. As the bank employees work for longer hours, they will not get much time to spend for other activities, even for important works. Among the respondents working for 7-8 hours, majority of them i.e. 33% felt they always miss quality time due to work. The next majority constitutes 25% respondents who felt they often miss quality time whereas the other 25% felt it happens rarely. 8% respondents said that they sometimes miss quality time while the other 10% respondents felt they rarely miss quality time due to work. Regarding the respondents working for 8-9 hours, there is a mixed picture. 29% respondent said they always miss quality time due to work. The other 29% said they miss quality time often, whereas another 29% said it happens sometimes. The remaining 13% said they sometimes miss quality time due to work. Out of the total respondents working for 9- 10hours, majority of them (33%) opine that they often miss quality time due to work. 24% respondents constituting the next majority opine that due to work, they always miss quality time. 19% said that they rarely miss quality time; other 19% said they never missed any quality time. The remaining 5% opined they sometimes miss quality time due to work. About the respondents working for more than 10hours, those who feel that they always miss quality time due to work constitute a vast majority of 70%. The next majority constitutes only 20% who feel they often miss quality time because of work. The remaining 10% feel they sometimes miss quality time due to work. In this category, there are no respondents who never miss quality time or at least feel so only sometimes. Quality of Work Life Table 8, it can be understood that majority of the respondents (56%) respondents feel that their work life balance is poor, followed by 24% respondents who feel it is average. The remaining 10% respondents feel that their work life balance is good. Thus, it is observed that most of the respondents feel that their work life balance is poor. This is because the bank employees spend most of their time in the bank; they don’t have much time to look after their personal works. Out of the total respondents working for 7-8hours, most of them (50%) said that their work life balance is poor. 33% respondents said it is average. The remaining 17% said their work life balance is good. About the respondents working for 8-9 hours, 57% of them who constitute the majority opine that their work life balance is poor while 29% opined that it is poor. The rest of them (14%) felt their work life balance is poor. Coming to the category respondents working for 9-10hours, majority (48%) of them perceive that their work life balance is poor. The perception of the next majority (28%) is that their work life balance is average. 24% respondents perceive that their work life balance is good. Regarding the employees working for more than 10 hours, a huge majority of them consisting of 80% are of the opinion that their work life balance is average. 10% are of the opinion that it is average and the remaining 10% presented the opinion that their work life balance is good. Facilities for Helping Balance Work Life Table 9 reveals that the support from boss is the main facility helping to balance work life. The next facility is attributed to the Support from colleagues at work. Flexible working hours, Time-off for family engagement/events and Different Kinds of Leaves occupies 3rd , 4th and 5th places respectively. 6th place is attributed to Working from home. Holidays/Paid time offs, parenting and Pregnancy Policies occupies the next two places. Finally, Being able to bring Children to work is occupies the last place. Contribution Our findings suggest that working hours should be maintained for this purpose shift wise working system should be implemented. The vast majority of the managerial level employees are ready to share their responsibility with every employee of the bank. Most of the employees are preferred 5 day week because most of them spend less than 3 hours per day with their children. The reason is that bank employees work for longer hours in the bank and thus they have less time to spend with children. A break of 15 minutes for every 2 hours in desired by many employees in order to avoid fatigue. Health camps and Yoga class should be conducted to maintain physical and mental health. Most of the respondents miss quality time due to work. So that the banks should provide flexible working hours and Time-off for family engagement/events to employees. Many employees felt that Support from the boss is critical in balancing work life followed by Support from colleagues at work, Flexible working hours, Time-off for family engagement/events and Different Kinds of Leaves and facility of Working from home. IV. CONCLUSION This study brings out some of the issues related to quality of work life of public and private sector banks employees in Warangal district indicating the Indian context. The study
  • 5. International Journal of Advanced Engineering, Management and Science (IJAEMS) [Vol-2, Issue-5, May- 2016] Infogain Publication (Infogainpublication.com) ISSN: 2454-1311 www.ijaems.com Page | 424 indicates that quality of work life issues here are quite similar to those in the West countries. While most countries developed have put in place family friendly work practices, the same is yet to be seen in good measure in India public sector banks. With the increase in number of dual career couples in Warangal district, it is but natural that such practices must be adopted here too, as they would go a long way towards improving productivity and enhancing quality of work and family life. Flex time, home working, child care facilities and the option to work part time are facilities that need to be introduced. Building a supportive work environment is yet another important initiative to be addressed. The study relies on the responses of the sample employees. The results of the study are affected by these responses and are subject to varying in a bigger or different sample. These limitations need to be addressed in future studies. Future research can focus on a wider sample in order to get more generalized results. Moreover, it should be directed at understanding individual differences so that employee specific initiatives to improve work life balance could be implemented by organizations. Table 1: Sample Size Banks Respondents % Public Sector Banking Sector State Bank of India (SBI) 132 26 Andhra Bank (AB) 126 25 Private Sector Banks Housing Development Finance Corporation (HDFC) 118 24 Industrial Credit and Investment Corporation of India (ICICI) 124 25 Total 500 100 Source: Primary Data. Table 2: Demographic Profile of the Respondents No. of Respondents % Age Below 30 years 140 28 31- 40 years 80 16 41-50 years 110 22 Above 50 years 170 34 Gender Male 350 70 Female 150 30 Marital Status Married 400 80 Unmarried 100 20 Occupation of the Respondents Manager 250 50 Clerk 250 50 Source: Primary Data. Table 3: Designation of the Employees Vs Working Hours per Day Designation of the Employees Working Hours Per Day Total7- 8 hours 8 – 9 hours 9 – 10 hours More than 10 hours Manager 20 (12%) 0 (0%) 200 (40%) 30 (9%) 250 (100%) Clerk 100 (20%) 70 (14%) 10 (2%) 70 (14%) 250 (100%) Total 120 (24%) 70 (14%) 210 (42%) 100 (20%) 500 (100%) Source: Primary Data. Table 4: Working Hours per Day Vs Spending Time with Children Working Hours Per Day Spending Time with Children Total Less than 3 hours 3 – 4 hours 4 -5 hours More than 5 hours Not Related 7- 8 hours 0 (0%) 40 (8%) 30 (6%) 10 (2%) 40 (8%) 120 (24%) 8 – 9 hours 30 (6%) 10 (2%) 20 (4%) 0 (0%) 10 (2%) 70 (14%) 9 – 10 hours 140 (28%) 20 (4%) 20 (4%) 10 (2%) 20 (4%) 210 (42%) More than 10 hours 40 (8%) 20 (4%) 10 (2%) 0 (0%) 30 (6%) 100 (20%) Total 240 (42%) 40 (8%) 80 (16%) 40 (8%) 100 (20%) 500 (100%) Source: Primary Data.
  • 6. International Journal of Advanced Engineering, Management and Science (IJAEMS) [Vol-2, Issue-5, May- 2016] Infogain Publication (Infogainpublication.com) ISSN: 2454-1311 www.ijaems.com Page | 425 Table 5: Working Hours per Day Vs Feeling Tired or Depressed due to Work Working Hours Per Day Working Hours Per Day Total Never Rarely Sometimes Often Always 7- 8 hours 0 (0%) 80 (67%) 10 (8%) 20 (17%) 10 (8%) 120 (100%) 8 – 9 hours 40 (57%) 10 (14%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 20 (29%) 70 (100%) 9 – 10 hours 0 (0%) 30 (14%) 30 (14%) 70 (33%) 80 (38%) 210 (100%) More than 10 hours 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 20 (20%) 50 (50%) 30 (30%) 100 (100%) Total 40 (8%) 120 (24%) 60 (12%) 140 (28%) 140 (28%) 500 (100%) Source: Primary Data. Table 6: Age of Respondents Vs Worrying about Work when not at Work Work ing Hours Per Day Worrying about Work when not at Work Tota lNev er Rar ely Someti mes Ofte n Alwa ys Below 30 years 20 (14 %) 20 (14 %) 20 (14%) 30 (22 %) 50 (36% ) 140 (28 %) 31 -40 years 0 (0% ) 30 (38 %) 20 (24%) 0 (0% ) 30 (38% ) 80 (16 %) 41 – 50 years 0 (0% ) 30 (27 %) 20 (19%) 30 (27 %) 30 (27% ) 110 (22 %) Above 50 years 40 (24 %) 0 (0%) 30 (17%) 40 (24 %) 60 (35% ) 170 (34 %) Total 60 (12 %) 80 (16 %) 90 (18%) 100 (20 %) 170 (34 %) 500 (100 %) Source: Primary Data. Table 7: Working Hours per Day Vs Missing Quality Time due to Work Worki ng Hours Per Day Missing Quality Time due to Work TotalNeve r Rar ely Someti mes Ofte n Alwa ys 7- 8 hours 10 (8%) 30 (25 %) 10 (8%) 30 (25 %) 40 (34% ) 120 (24 %) 8 – 9 hours 0 (0%) 20 (29 %) 10 (13%) 20 (29 %) 20 (29% ) 70 (14 %) 9 – 10 hours 4 0(19 %) 40 (19 %) 10 (5%) 70 (33 %) 50 (24% ) 210 (42 %) More than 10 hours 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 10 (10%) 20 (20 %) 70 (70% ) 100 (20 %) Total 50 (10 %) 90 (18 %) 40 (8%) 140 (28 %) 18 0(36 %) 500 (100 %) Source: Primary Data. Table 8: Working Hours per Day Vs Work Life Balance Working Hours Per Day Work Life Balance Total Good Average Poor 7- 8 hours 20 (17%) 40 (33%) 60 (50%) 120 (24%) 8 – 9 hours 10 (14%) 20 (29%) 40 (57%) 70 (14%) 9 – 10 hours 60 (28%) 50 (24%) 100 (48%) 210 (42%) More than 10 hours 10 (10%) 10 (10%) 80 (80%) 100 (20%) Total 100 (20%) 120 (24%) 280 (56%) 500 (100%) Source: Primary Data. Table 9: Facilities Helping to Balance Work Life Facilities Helping to Work Life Balance Yes No Flexible working hours 320 (64%) 180 (36%) Different Kinds of Leaves 220 (44%) 280 (56%)
  • 7. International Journal of Advanced Engineering, Management and Science (IJAEMS) [Vol-2, Issue-5, May- 2016] Infogain Publication (Infogainpublication.com) ISSN: 2454-1311 www.ijaems.com Page | 426 Holidays/Paid time offs 180 (36%) 320 (64%) Time-off for family engagement/events 260 (52%) 240 (48%) Parenting and Pregnancy Policies 170 (34%) 330 (66%) Working from home 240 (48%) 260 (52%) Technological like cell phones/ laptops 260 (52%) 240 (48%) Being able to bring Children to work 120 (24%) 380 (78%) Support from colleagues at work 400 (80%) 100 (20%) Support from Boss 440 (88%) 60 (12%) Source: Primary Data. REFERENCES [1] Arthur, M. & Cook, A. (2004), “Taking stock of work- family initiatives: How announcements of “family friendly” human resource decisions affect shareholder value”, Industrial Relations Review, 57 (4), 599-613. [2] Amato, P. R., D. R. Johnson, A. Booth, and S. J. Rogers. (2003) “Continuity and change in marital quality between 1980 and 2000”, Journal of Marriage and Family 65 (1): 1–11. [3] Atkinson, J., and N. Meager. (1986) “Changing working patterns: How companies achieve flexibility to meet new needs”. London: Institute of Manpower Studies; National Economic Development Office. [4] Bhagwagar, H. (2009) “Need for workplace counselling in India”. Http://prod.bolohealth.com/healthzones/21-total- health/article/165-needfor-workplace-counseling-in- india. [5] Bharat, B. (2008) “Longer working hours for computer software engineers”, India. Http://www.saching.com/Article/Longer-working- hours-for- Computer-Software-Engineers–India/1088. [6] Elizabeth W., Calvin W., & Janice R (2008).“Women and work-life balance: is home-based business ownership the solution?”, Equal Opportunities International, 27 (3), 258-275. [7] Farid A. Muna & Ned Mansour, (2009). Balancing work and personal life: the leader as acrobat. Journal of Management Development, 28(2), 121-133. [8] Galinsky, Ellen & Bond, James T. (1998). The 1998 Business Work-Life Study: A Sourcebook – Executive Summary. New York: Families and Work Institute, http://familiesandwork.org/summary/worklife.pdf [9] Jarrod M. Haar (2007). “Exploring the benefits and use of flexitime: similarities and differences”, Qualitative Research in Accounting & Management, 4 (1), 69-82. [10]Kossek, E. E., & Nichol, V. (1992). The effects of an on-site childcare on employee attitudes and performance. Personnel Psychology, 45, 485-509. [11]Lewis, S., Watts, A., & Camp, C. (1996). Midland Bank’s experience, In S. Lewis and J. Lewis (Eds.) The Work-Family Challenge. RethinkingEmployment. London: Sage. [12]Perry-Smith, J. E. & Blum, T. C. (2000). RESEARCH NOTES - Work-Family Human Resource Bundles and Perceived Organizational Performance. Academy of Management Journal, 43(6), 11. [13]Ramachandra Aryasri, A., & Suman Babu, S. (2007). Work-Life Balance- A holistic Approach.Siddhant-A Journal of Decision Making, 7 (1), 1-11. [14]Raabe, P.H. (1990), “The organizational effects of workplace family policies”, Journal of Family Issues, 11, 477-486. [15]Sindhu & Suman Babu, S. (2008). Achieving Work- Life Balance-Women Perspective. Indian Journal of Training and Development, 38(1), 79-86. [16]Watson Wyatt Worldwide., “Human Capital Index: Human capital as a leader of shareholder value, 2001/2002 Survey Report”, 2002, Watson Wyatt Worldwide: Washington. DC. www.watsonwyatt.com