This document outlines a lecture on quality control. It begins with definitions of key terms like quality control and discusses why quality control is needed to ensure product safety and avoid liability. It then describes the quality control process, including establishing standards, collecting relevant information, evaluating performance, and reevaluation. An example of quality control in hospitals is given around glucose testing and patient identification standards. The document stresses that everyone in an organization should be involved in quality control. It provides steps to implement a program and explains the nurse manager's role in encouraging involvement, communicating standards, and using audits to improve quality of care.

1. Quality Control
Under supervision
DR/ Noura Elgharib

2. Outline
 Introduction.
 Definition of key terms.
 Why Is QC Needed?
 quality control Process.
 example for Qc in hospitals.
 Who should be involved in quality control?
 How to implement a quality control program?
 Role of nurse manager in quality control.

3. General objective
 At the end of this lecture each student will be
able to apply quality control in practice at the
workplace.

4. Specific objectives
 At the end of this lecture each student will be able to:
 Define key terms.
 Identify objectives of quality control.
 Explain the quality control Process.
 What do effective quality control systems include?
Mention an example for Qc in hospitals.
 Who should be involved in quality control?
 How to implement a quality control program?
 Role of nurse manager in quality control?

5. Introduction
 Quality control requires the company to create an
environment where management and employees strive for
perfection.
 This is done by training personnel, creating benchmarks
for product quality, and testing products to check for
statistically significant variations.
Definitions
• Quality control (QC): a process through which a
business seeks to ensure that product quality is
maintained or improved.

6. Why Is QC Needed? OR Goal of Quality
control
 Creating a product is costly, time-consuming, and
can be unsafe without controls in place.
 Additionally, if a company sends defective
products out for purchase, it could be held liable
for injuries or issues that arise from using its
products.
 Quality control inspectors ensure that defective
or unsafe products are identified, and the causes
are corrected.

7. Process of quality control
 (1) Establishment of control criteria or standards:
 The standard is determined. Information is
collected to determine if the standard has been
met. leader-managers must also see that
subordinates know and understand the standards
and their performance will be measured in terms
of this standards.
 (2) Identifying information relevant to the
criteria:
 What information is needed to measure the
criteria? In the example of postoperative patient
care, this information might include the
frequency of vital signs, and dress checks.

8. (3) determining ways to collect
information:
 As in all data gathering, the manager must
be sure to use all appropriate sources.
When assessing the quality control of the
postoperative patient, the manager could
find much of the information in the patient
chart. Postoperative flow sheets, physician
orders, and nursing notes would probably
be most helpful. Talking to the patient or
nurse could also yield information.

9. (4) Evaluating
 individual employee performance:
 Quality control provides a tool for evaluating unit
goals. If unit goals are consistently unmet, the
leader must reexamine those goals and determine
if they are inappropriate or unrealistic.
 (5) Reevaluation
 If quality control is measured on 20 postoperative
charts and a high rate of compliance with
established standards is found, the need for short-
term reevaluation is low. If standards are
consistently unmet or met only partially, frequent
reevaluation is indicated.

10. Example for Qc in hospitals?
1. Quality control measurements were
performed monthly using glucose test strips
stored under controlled conditions.
2. Patient Identification:
 Requirement: Use at least two patient
identifiers when providing care, treatment,
or services at:
 giving medications.
 giving blood and blood products.
 taking blood samples.

11. 1. No. of repeat X-rays (not >10 %)
2. Waiting Time (not > 30 mts.)
 Patient Safety Measures:
 Percentage of surgery patients with surgical
complications or postoperative infection.
 Rates at which patients fall and incur injury
during a hospital stay.
 Use of electronic systems for entering
medication orders.

12. Who should involve in quality
control?
• Everyone in the organization should participate in quality control
because everyone is a recipient of the benefits. Quality control gives
employees Feedback about their current quality of care and how the
care they provide can be improved.
• Staff: Should be involved in determining standards, reviewing
standards, collecting data, or reporting.
• Professionals: Such as physicians, respiratory therapists, dietitians,
and physical therapists contribute to patient outcomes and Patients
should also be actively involved in the audit process.

13. How to implement quality control
program?
 Establish written policies and procedures.
 Train staff.
 Obtain control materials.
 Collect data.
 Routinely plot control data.
 Establish and implement troubleshooting and
corrective action protocol.
 Establish and maintain system for documentation.
 Review the results, get feedback, and make

14. Role of nurse manager in quality
control?
 Encourage staff to be actively involved in the quality control process.
 communicate standards of care to subordinates.
 Encourage the setting of high standards to maximize quality instead of setting
minimum safety standards.
 Implement quality control proactively instead of reactively.
 Use control as a method of determining why goals were not met.
 Be positively active in communicating quality control findings.
 Act as a role model for followers in accepting responsibility and accountability
for nursing actions.
 Select and use process, outcome, and structure audits appropriately as quality
control tools.
 Assesses appropriate sources of information in data gathering for quality
control.

15. Thank you