The document describes a new method of achieving nuclear fusion called cavitation-induced fusion (CIF). CIF uses cavitation bubbles collapsing in liquid to heat gases inside and induce fusion of hydrogen isotopes. The researchers claim to have theoretical models, molecular dynamics simulations, and experimental evidence supporting CIF. They outline plans to further validate CIF through experiments and engineering, develop commercial fusion generators by 2015, and eventually replace fossil fuels with fusion power. CIF is presented as a potentially safe, inexpensive, and abundant new source of clean energy.

1. Cavitation-Induced
Fusion
Tomorrow’s Clean Energy

2. Fusion: Disruptive Innovation
 We have discovered a means for achieving micro-
thermonuclear fusion in vibrating gas bubbles in liquid
 Our discovery allows constructing inexpensive power
generators that run on deuterium
 Our technology will render fossil fuels obsolete
 Because our work parallels controversial “bubble
fusion” we go against “expert opinion”

3. What is Fusion?
 Hydrogen isotopes deuterium and tritium combine
forming helium and releasing massive amounts of
heat
 10 micrograms of deuterium = 1 barrel of oil (!!!)

4. Why Fusion?
 Everyone agrees that fusion energy (which powers the
sun) is the power of future
 Unlike chemical energy that comes from burning fossil
fuels fusion energy produces no emissions
 Unlike conventional nuclear power fusion does not
produce radioactive waste
 Unlike wind or solar power fusion energy does not
require massive installations and is virtually free
(deuterium is cheap and we need minuscule
quantities)

5. Where is Fusion?
 Government has spent billions and decades of
research on fusion projects involving giant magnets
(magnetic confinement) and powerful lasers (inertial
confinement)
 These fusion mega-projects are unsuccessful but “too-
big-to-fail”, so funding continues
 Proponents of fusion mega-projects are threatened by
“cold” fusion and “bubble fusion” and therefore will
thrash any competing idea

6. Novel Idea: Cavitation
 Cavitation is a natural process that results in formation
of bubbles in liquid
 Cavitation bubbles expand and collapse violently
releasing tremendous energy that easily eats through
thick metal parts in pumps and turbines

7. Cavitation-Induced Fusion (CIF)
 Theoretical calculations show that under the right
conditions gas within cavitation bubbles can heat up to
fusion temperatures (millions degrees Celsius)!
 Seven different groups in U.S. and Russia have
conducted successful experiments demonstrating CIF
 Unfortunately, widely publicized work by Taleyarkhan
(Purdue), ended in scandal with lasting damage to the
field

8. “Bubblegate” Scandal
 Critical account is given by Krivit (New Energy Times)
 Politics, academic rivalry, and clashes with special
interest groups killed otherwise promising field of
research
 As a result Taleyarkhan was
debarred from federal funding and
Purdue lost majority of it’s nuclear
engineering faculty
 The science, however, remains

9. Lipson et al. (USSR)

10. Bityurin et al. (Russia)

11. Smorodov (Russia)

12. Taleyarkhan (USA)

13. CIF Science
 Conventional textbook physics (NOT cold fusion)
 Solid theoretical foundation (dozens of papers)
 4 independent successful experiments in USA,
and 3 in Russia (Russian work is not known in
the US)
 Yet due to the “bubblegate” scandal the results
are not universally accepted (skewed
perception)

14. Our Accomplishments
 Analytical model in MatLab and Mathematica
 Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation
software
 Three experiments
 Preliminary results
 Prototype generator hardware

15. Necessary Conditions
 Supersonic collapse
Happens in nature, gives rise to sonoluminescence
 Spherical collapse
Happens in nature, gives rise to sonoluminescence
High surface tension liquids are best
 Low vapor pressure / high accommodation
There are suitable liquids: liquid metals, heat
transfer fluids are best

16. Molecular Dynamics Simulation

17. Single-Bubble Experiment

18. Multi-Bubble Experiment

19. Prototype Generator Hardware

20. Fusion Power Plant
Aside from the reactor, this is a completely standard power plant design

21. Our Results
 Analytical model and MD simulation predicts
fusion
 Neutrons were detected in three experiments
 Commercial generator prototype designed
 Careful experimentation required to validate
our model and refine it into an engineering
tool

22. Immediate Goals: 2013
 Demonstrate CIF proof of commercial concept
 Detailed experimental plan is in place; will test best options first
 May require up to 12 months to test all feasible options
 Outcome = repeatable on-demand fusion
 File global patents
 Engage industry and academia in technology validation
 We will publish our results in peer-reviewed journals
 We will engage AECOM (world’s largest engineering firm) and Pennsylvania State
University to validate the results
 Develop modeling software for CIF engineering to facilitate next stage (net
energy production)
 Minimum capital requirement: $562k USD

23. Roadmap beyond 2013
 2014
 Process control demonstration
 Net energy demonstration
 2015 – 50 kW commercial generator prototype,
technology license agreements, IPO
 Capital required to IPO stage may be up to $50
million, but with proof of commercial concept in hand
finding further investors will be easy
 2016 – 50 MW commercial generator

24. Commercial Viability
 We estimate that 1 liter of carrier liquid saturated
with fusion bubbles will produce at least 10kW of
power
 Power output scales with volume
 Power output exponentially depends on
temperature: tenfold temperature increase results
in 50,000 increase in output power!
 Therefore minute process improvement will result
in huge power output boost (no diminishing
returns)

25. CIF Commercial Potential
 CIF is inherently safe
 No radioactivity, no possibility of meltdown or explosion, no hazardous waste, no
fear of weapons proliferation, no carbon emissions or pollutants
 CIF is the ONLY new energy source that can compete against fossil fuels and
win:
 Wind, solar and biomass can never replace fossil fuels due to costs and intermittency
 CIF can be used for residential, industrial process heating, and power generation
 CIF power plant requires none of the safeguards of existing nuclear plants
 CIF can scale from a few MW (e.g. compounds, neighborhoods) to thousands of
MW (grid power)
 CIF can replace oil, coal and natural gas in virtually all stationary
applications
 Did we mention desalination? Fusion will provide free unlimited fresh water.

26. The Company
 Quantum Fusion, Inc. is wholly owned by Quantum
Potential Corporation
 Location: Penn State Innovation Park
 Employees: 5 (including part time)
 State of the art equipment
 Office, lab, industrial space

27. Our Advantage
 Prior work relies on D-D fusion. We will use D-T fusion as it
gives 1,000 times higher reaction rate.
 Prior work relies on cavitation to create random bubbles,
which is difficult and hard to control. We will inject
engineered bubbles instead.
 Prior work relies on high pressure (40-1,000 bars). We have
engineered our bubble content (light and heavy gas
mixture) to create strong shock that will produce fusion at
just ~2 bars of pressure.
 Prior work relies on acoustic cavitation, which is inefficient.
We will use hydrodynamic cavitation in our commercial unit.

28. Technical Risks
 The only foreseeable risk is in single-bubble fusion. Is it
repeatable? Can we control it? We will eliminate this risk in
2012.
 The rest of the hardware for commercial generator is
essentially designed and requires only ordinary engineering.
 Other technical risks may include inability to control fusion yield
beyond break-even point for reasons we currently cannot think
of. We will tackle this issue in 2013.

29. Fusion Benefits for the USA
 Smooth transition away from fossil fuels
 Renewed technological leadership
 Birth of an entire new industry = employment!
 Markedly reduced energy and transportation costs =
cheaper goods and services, hence
 Higher consumer spending, GDP & tax revenue
growth, reduced deficit

30. Fusion Benefits for the World
 Markedly reduced energy and transportation costs =
sharp improvement in living standards, hence
 More middle class (and larger markets!)
 Cheap desalination will solve food and water
shortages, deserts will become oases
 Reduced emissions of all types
 A new age of prosperity for all of humanity

31. Invest in the Future
“It is not because things are difficult we do not dare, it is
because we do not dare that they are difficult.” –
Seneca
Contact
Dr. Max Fomitchev-Zamilov, President
200 Innovation Blvd, Suite 254, State College, PA 16803
max@quantum-potential.com | 814-777-8993
www.quantum-fusion.com