Operators are symbols that represent actions or processes performed on operands. There are several types of operators including arithmetic, relational, logical, bitwise, assignment, identity, and membership operators. Arithmetic operators perform math operations, relational operators compare values, logical operators combine conditional statements, bitwise operators work with bits, assignment operators assign values, identity operators check object equality, and membership operators check if a value is contained within an object. Operators require operands as inputs to perform their defined actions and return results.

1. Presented By
Saurabh Upadhyay
1773513908

3. Operators
 An operator, in computer programming, is a symbol
that usually represents an action or process.
 It is a symbol that perform operation on one or more
operands.
 Operators required operands to perform their job.
3 4+
Operands
Operators

4. List Of Operators
i. Arithmetic Operator
ii. Relational Operator
iii. Logical Operator
iv. Bitwise Operator
v. Assignment Operator
vi. Identity Operator
vii. Membership Operator

5. 1. Arithmetic Operator
 Arithmetic operators take numerical values as their
operands and return a single numerical value.
Operator Example Result
+ Addition 4+3 7
- Subtraction 4-3 1
* Multiplication 6*6 36
/ Division 3/2 1.5
% Modulus 7%3 1
** Exponent 3**2 9
// 3//2 1

6. Arithmetic Operator Example
10**-2
0.01
>>> -2**3
-8
>>> -2**2
-4
>>> 10//3
3
>>> 10.0//3.0
3.0
>>> -4%3
2
>>> -4%-3
-1
>>> x='abc'
>>> y='def'
>>> x+y
'abcdef’
>>> True+1
2
>>> 'ab'*3
'ababab'

7. 2. Relational Operator
Oper
ator
Description Example
== If the values of two operands are equal, then the
condition becomes true.
(a ==
b) is not true.
!= If values of two operands are not equal, then
condition becomes true. a!=b is true
> If the value of left operand is greater than the value of
right operand, then condition becomes true.
(a > b) is true.
< If the value of left operand is less than the value of right
operand, then condition becomes true.
(a < b) is not true.
>= If the value of left operand is greater than or equal to
the value of right operand, then condition becomes true.
(a >=
b) is true.
<= If the value of left operand is less than or equal to the
value of right operand, then condition becomes true.
(a <=
b) is not
true.

8. Relational Operators Examples
 Relational operators always yield true or false as a result.
>>>5>4
True
>>>int(5>4)
1
 It is also used to compare string.
>>>’ac’==‘ac’
True
>>>ac==ac
error

9.  5>4<2 if any result value is false all result value is false.
>>>5>4>2
True
 If we use equality(==) operator with any type of operand
they never give error.
>>>5==‘5’
False
>>>’a’==97
False
>>>5=5.0
True
>>>’AB’==‘CD’
False

10. 3. Logical Operator
Operator Expression Example
and a>b and a>c
When both operands are
True ,result will be True
or a>b or a>c
When both operands are
False result will be False
not not a>b
Invert the result
Expression 1 Expression 2 and or not(Exp 1)
T T T T F
T F F T F
F T F T T
F F F F T

11.  These operators return boolean value by validating
more than one expression.
 If the operands of logical operator are boolean value
then result is boolean otherwise if the operands of
logical operators are integer then result is integer.
>>>4>3 or 3<2
True
>>> 0 or False
False
 Logical operator must be written in lowercase only.
>>>5 and 4
4
 Empty string is always False non-empty string is True.
>>>3 and ‘ab’ #‘ab’ is string so ab=1(True)
‘ab’

12. Logical Operator Examples
>>>not ‘null’ #String is treated as True
False
>>>not ‘’
True
>>>’ram’ and ‘shyam’
‘ram’
>>>3 and x=4 #Assignment operator does not work their
error
>>>3 or 5/0
3
>>>3 and 5/0 #Evaluation is infinite
error

13. 4. Bitwise Operator
 Bitwise operators work upon bits Ex:- 0 and 1
Operators Expression Example
& 5 & 6 4
| 5 | 6 7
~ ~5 -6
^ 5^6 3
>> 99>>2 24
<< 5<<3 40

14. I. &(AND):- 5 & 6
 Convert 5 and 6 into binary
5 - 101 1 & 1 = 1
& 1 & 0 = 0
6 - 110 0 & 1 = 0
4 - 100 0 & 0 = 0
5 - 101 1 | 1 = 1
| 1 | 0 = 0
6 - 110 0 | 1 = 0
7 - 111 0 | 0 = 0
II. |(OR):- 5 | 6

15. III. ~(Complement):-
>>>~12
-13
~x = -x -1
~12 = -12-1 = -13
Note: Our system does not store the negative
numbers , first we convert the number into 2’s
complement and then store.
12 = 00001100
1’s complement = 11110011
13 = 00001101
1’s complement = 11110010
2’s complement = 11110011

16. IV. ^(XOR):- 5^6
5 - 0101 1 ^ 1 = 0
^ 1 ^ 0 = 1
6 - 0110 0 ^ 1 = 1
3 - 0011 0 ^ 0 = 0
V. >>(right shift) :- 99>>2 VI. <<(left shift) :- 5<<3
99=1100011 5 = 101
1st time = 0110001 1st time = 1010
2nd time = 0011000 =24 2nd time = 10100
3rd time = 101000=40

17. 5. Assignment Operator
Operator expression
= X=5
+=,-=,*=,/=,%= X+=5
//=,**= X**=2
&=,/=,^= X&=3
>>=,<<= X>>=2

18. (i) x=5
x*=6
x=x*6
=5*6
=30
(ii) x=5
x+=6
x=x+6
=5+6
=11
(iii) x=5
x/=6
x=x/6
=5/6
=0.833
(iv) x=5
x%=6
x=x%6
=5%6
=5
(v) x=5
x//=2
x=5//2
x=2
(vi) x=5
x**=2
x=5**2
x=25

19. 6. Identity Operator
Operator Explanation
is Return True if both variables
are same object.
is not Return False if both variables
are same object.
-> Every variable in python is an object.
->Objects are dynamically created.
-> Objects do not have name but references.

20. x=5 x
y=5
y
5
1000
>>>X=5
>>>Y=5
>>>X==Y
True
>>>X is Y
True
>>>X=5
>>>Y=5.0
>>>X==Y
True
>>>X is Y
False
>>>X is not Y
True

21. 6. Membership Operator
Operator Explanation
in Return True if a sequence with the
specified value is present in the object.
not in Return False if a sequence with the
specified value is present in the object.
>>>x=“abc”
>>>‘a’ in x
True
>>>x=“abc”
>>>’A’ not in x
True
>>>x=256
>>>’5’ in x
error
>>>’5 ‘ in x
False
>>> x=1,2,3,4
>>> 4 in x
True

22. Practice Session
>>>x=25*3/2-1
36.5
>>>x=5>4>3>2
True
>>>x=3
>>>x * = 3 + 4
21
>>>x = 3 and 4
4
>>>x = 2 or ‘Hello’
2
>>>x = ‘Hello’ + 3
error
>>>x = ‘ab’ * 4
abababab
>>>x = 3 == ‘Three’
False