聽說這是一個很容易入門的程式語言，到底有多「容易」，一起來探索吧！

1. ³æ¦æµù¸Ñ
>>> #print ('§Ú³Qµù¸Ñ¤F~')
>>> print ('§Ú¨S³Qµù¸Ñ¡I')
>>> # print ('§Ú¤S³Qµù¸Ñ¤F!!')
>>> print ('ǢǢǢǢ')
§Ú¨S³Qµù¸Ñ¡I «¢«¢«¢«¢
¦h¦æµù¸Ñ¡G¥Î ''' ¥]¦í·Qnµù¸Ñªº¤º®e
>>> n = 9
>>> m = 10
>>> ''' print( '±q³o¦æ¶}©l" )
>>> n = 0
>>> m = 1
>>> print( '¤@ª½µù¸Ñ¨ì³oÃä' ) '''
>>> print ( n, m )
9 10
python ¤¤¥i¥Hª½±µ§Q¥Î²Å¸¹¨ÓÀx¦s¼ÆÈ¡A¦r¦ê©Î¸ê®Æµ²ºc¡A¤]´N¬O§Ú-
̩ҿתºÅܼơA·íÅܼƦs©ñ¸ê®Æ«á¡A´N¥i¥Hª½±µ®³¨Ó¹Bºâ©Î§@¨ä¥¦³B²z¡A¤£¥²¶i¦æ«Å§i¡C
>>> x=6
>>> print x
6
>>> print x+2
8
>>> y='abc'
>>> print y+'def'
abcdef
>>> y=y+'def'
>>> print y
abcdef
>>> z=2.3
>>> print z+x
8.3
python ªº¼Æȸê®Æ«¬ºA¦³¤TºØ¡G¾ã¼Æ(integer)¡B¯BÂI¼Æ(float)¤Î½Æ¼Æ(complex number)¡C
¾ã¼Æ¤Î¯BÂI¼Æ¥i¥Hª½±µ¶i¦æ¥|«h¹Bºâ¡B¾l¼Æ¹Bºâ¤Î«ü¼Æ¹Bºâ¡A¨t²Î·|¦Û°ÊÂà
´«¬°½d³ò¤jªº«¬ºA¡C
>>> 10+2
12
>>> 4.5+6
10.5
>>> 2**3
8
>>> 2^5
7
>>> 2.5/5
0.5
>>> 16**0.25
2.0

2. °£ªk¹Bºâ«h¨Ì·Ó±z©Ònªºµ²ªG¨Ó°Ï¤À¬°¾ã¼Æ°£ªk»P¯BÂI¼Æ°£ªk¡C
Y°£¼Æ»P³Q°£¼Æ¬Ò¬°¾ã¼Æ®É¡A©Ò±o¨ìªºµ²ªG¥u¦³°Óªº¾ã¼Æ³¡¥÷¡C
Y°£¼Æ©Î³Q°£¼Æ¨ä¤¤¤@Ó¬°¯BÂI¼Æ®É¡A©Ò±o¨ìªºµ²ªG´N·|¬O±a¦³¤p¼Æ§¹¾ãªº°Ó¡C
>>> 3/2
1
>>> 3.0/2
1.5
>>> 3/2.0
1.5
>>> 10.0/3
3.3333333333333335
¹ï©ó¯BÂI¼Æ¦Ó¨¥¡A¦]¼Æȧe²{¦ì¼Æ¦³¡Aªí¥Üªk·|±N³¡¥÷¦ì¼Æ±Ë¥h¡A³y¦¨Åã¥Ü¤W·|
¦³»~®t¡A·U¤j¶q¹Bºâ»~®t·|·U¤j¡A¦ý¹ï©ó¹ê»Úµ²ªGÅã¥Ü¤W¥i¥H§Q¥ÎÂà
´«¬°¾ã¼Æint()©Î¨ú¯BÂI¼Æ¦³®Ä¦ì¼Æround()¨Ó¸Ñ¨M³oÓ°ÝÃD¡A¦p¡G
>>> x=0.1
>>> print x
0.1
>>> x**10
1.0000000000000006e-10
>>> x**50
1.0000000000000027e-50
¾ã¼Æ»P¯BÂI¼ÆªºÂà´«¥i¥H§Q¥Îint( )»Pfloat( )¨âÓ¨ç¼Æ¨Ó§¹¦¨¡C
>>> x=4.9
>>> int(x)
4
>>> y=5
>>> float(y)
5.0
>>> z=float(y)/x
>>> z
1.0204081632653061
>>> round(z,5)
1.02041
¹ï©ó½Æ¼Æªº¸ê®Æ«¬ºA¡A¥i¥H¨Ï¥Î x+yj ©Î x+yJ ¨âºØ(j©ÎJ)¨Óªí¥Ü¡A¨ä¤
¤xªí¥Ü¹ê³¡¡Ayªí¥Üµê³¡¡C
>>> x=1+4j
>>> print x
(1+4j)
>>> y=2+3j
>>> y
(2+3j)
>>> x+y
(3+7j)
>>> x*y
(-10+11j)

3. >>> x+6
(7+4j)
>>> x**2
(-15+8j)
>>> y**2
(-5+12j)
Yn³æ¿W¨ú¥X½Æ¼Æªº¹ê³¡©Îµê³¡¡A¥i¥H¨Ï¥Îreal¤Îimag¨âÓÄÝ©Ê¡C
>>> x.real
1.0
>>> x.imag
4.0
python¤¤¦r¦ê¸ê®Æ¥i¥H¥Î¥b«¬ªº³æ¤Þ¸¹ ( ' )©ÎÂù¤Þ¸¹( " )¨Ó±N¦r¦ê¤º®e¥]ÂЦb¨ä¤¤
¡A¦pªG¦b¨ä¤¤¦³¥²nÅã¥Ü³æ¤Þ¸¹©ÎÂù¤Þ¸¹®É¡A¥i¥H¥Î( )¸õ²æ¦r¤¸¨Ó±N³o¨â-
ӲŸ¹Åã¥Ü¥X¨Ó¡C
>>> x='Hello Eric'
>>> print x
Hello Eric
>>> x='Hello, I'm Eric'
>>> print x
Hello, I'm Eric
¦b°õ¦æÀô¹Ò¤¤¡AµLªk§Q¥ÎEnter¨Óª½±µ´«¦æ¡AYn¶i¦æ´«¦æ¡A¥i¥H¥Î( n )ªº¦r¤¸¨Ó¹F¦¨¡C
>>> x='Hello, n I'm Eric'
>>> print x
Hello,
I'm Eric
Y¦bµ{¦¡½X¤¤¤@¦¸n¿é¤J¦h¦æ®É¡A¥i¨Ï¥Î( )²Å¸¹¨Ó¹F¦¨¡C
>>> x='Hello,
... I'm Eric'
>>> print x
Hello, I'm Eric
¥t¥~¤]¥i¥H¨Ï¥Î¤TÓ³æ¤Þ¸¹( ''' )©ÎÂù¤Þ¸¹( """ )¨Ó§¹¾ã«O¯d¦r¦ê¸ê®Æªºì©l®æ¦¡¡C
>>> x='''Hello,
... I'm Eric'''
>>> x
"Hello,nI'm Eric"
>>> print x
Hello,
I'm Eric
¦r¦ê¥i¥H¥Î( + )¸¹©ÎªÅ¥Õ¨Ó¹F¨ì¦r¦êªº³sµ²§@¥Î¡A¥t¥~¥i¥H¥Î¼¸¹( * )¨Ó¹F¨ì¿¼Æªº§@¥Î
>>> x='Hello, '
>>> y='Eric'
>>> print x+y
Hello, Eric
>>> z='Hello, ' 'Eric'
>>> z

4. 'Hello, Eric'
>>> print x*5+y*5
Hello, Hello, Hello, Hello, Hello, EricEricEricEricEric
¦ý¨âÓ¦r¦êÅܼƫh¤£¦æ¥ÎªÅ¥Õ¨Ó°µ²Õ¦X¹Bºâ¡A¥²¶·¥Î( + )ªº²Å¸¹¨Ó²Õ¦X¦b¤@°_¡A¥t¥~¦r¦êY-
n»P¨ä¥¦«D¦r¦ê«¬ºAªºÅܼƬۥ[¡A¥²¶·n¥ý±N«D¦r¦êªºÅܼƧQ¥Îstr( )¨ç¼ÆÂà
´«¬°¦r¦ê¦A¶i¦æ¹Bºâ¡C
>>> z=x y
File "<stdin>", line 1
z=x y
^
SyntaxError: invalid syntax
>>> z=x+y
>>> z
'Hello, Eric'
>>> i=9
>>> print i+x
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
TypeError: unsupported operand type(s) for +: 'int' and 'str'
>>> print str(i)+x
9Hello,
Yn¨ú¥X¦r¦ê¤¤¬Y¨Ç¦r¤¸¡A¥i¥H±N¦¹¦r¦êªº¨C¤@Ó¦r¤¸·í¦¨°}¦C¤¤ªº¤¸¯À¡A°_©lªº¦ì¸m¬°¢¯¡C
>>> z='Hello, Eric'
>>> z[3]
'l'
>>> z[0:4]
'Hell'
>>> z[:4]
'Hell'
>>> z[4:]
'o, Eric'
>>> z[-3]
'r'
>>> z[0:3]+z[5:]
'Hel, Eric'
npºâ¦r¦êªºªø«×¡A¥i¥Îlen( )¨ç¼Æ¨Ópºâ¡C
>>> z
'Hello, Eric'
>>> len(z)
11

5. ¦r¦êªº©µ¦ù¤Á¤ù¹Bºâ¡A¥i¥H³z¹L²Ä¤TÓ¨îȨӨú¥X¬Û¹jµ¥¶Zªº¦r¦ê¦r¤¸¡C
>>> s='abcdefghijklmno'
>>> s[1:10:2]
'bdfhj'
python ¦r¦êªºUnicode½s½X
Unicode¡]¤¤
¤å¡G¸U°ê½X¡B°ê»Ú½X¡B²Î¤@½X¡B³æ¤@½X¡^¬O¹q¸£¬ì¾Ç»â°ì¸Ìªº¤@¶µ·~¬É¼Ð·Ç¡C¥¦¹ï¥@¬É¤W¤j
³¡¤Àªº¤å¦r¨t²Î¶i¦æ¤F¾ã²z¡B½s½X¡A¨Ï±o¹q¸£¥i¥H¥Î§ó¬°Â²³æªº¤è¦¡¨Ó§e²{©M³B²z¤å¦r¡C
¦bpython 2.7ª©¤¤¡A¹w³]ªº¦r¦ê®æ¦¡¬°ASCII½s½X¡A¦pªG-
n¥Hunicodeªº½s½X®æ¦¡¨ÓÀx¦s¦r¦ê¡A¥²¶·¦b¦r¦êªº³Ì«e±¥[¤W 'u' ªº«e¸m¦r¤¸¡A¦p¡G
>>> z='Hello, Eric'
>>> r=u'Hello, Eric'
>>> r
u'Hello, Eric'
>>> z
'Hello, Eric'
>>> chin=u'³o¬O¤@Ó¤¤¤å¦r¦ê'
>>> chin
u'u9019u662fu4e00u500bu4e2du6587u5b57u4e32'
>>> achin='³o¬O¤@Ó¤¤¤å¦r¦ê'
>>> achin
'xb3oxacOxa4@xadxd3xa4xa4xa4xe5xa6rxa6xea'
>>> print chin
³o¬O¤@Ó¤¤¤å¦r¦ê
>>> print achin
³o¬O¤@Ó¤¤¤å¦r¦ê
¹ïunicode½s½Xªº¦r¦ê¦Ó¨¥¡A¨ä«¬¦¡¦p¦P 'uXXXX'
ªº®æ¦¡¡A¦UºØ¯S®í²Å¸¹ªºunicode½s½X¡A¥i°Ñ¦Òhttp://www.tamasoft.co.jp/en/general-
info/unicode.html¡@¡C
>>> a=u'u0040'
>>> print a
@
python ªºList¸ê®Æ«¬ºA
List¸ê®Æ«¬ºA¥i¥H¥Î¨Óªí¥Ü¥ô¦ópython¸ê®Æ«¬ºAªº¦³§Ç¶°¦X¡A¥ç§Y±N¥ô¦ó¸ê®Æ«¬ºAªº¸ê®Æ¦ê
±µ¦b¤@°_¡A¥i¥H¬O¤£¦P¸ê®Æ«¬ºAªº²Õ¦X¡AList¤¤¤]¥i¥H¥]§t¥t¤@ÓList¡A·ín¨ú¥X¨ä¤
¤ªº¸ê®Æ®É¡A¥i¥H¥ÎÃþ¦ü°}¦Cªº¤è¦¡¡A«ü©wn¨ú¥X¦ì¸mªº¸ê®Æ©Î¤@Ó½d³òªº¸ê®Æ¡A¦p¡G
>>> lst=[1,2,'abc',3.4,5+6j]
>>> lst
[1, 2, 'abc', 3.4, (5+6j)]
>>> lst[4]
(5+6j)
>>> lst[3:]
[3.4, (5+6j)]
>>> lst[1:3]
[2, 'abc']
>>> lst[1:3]=[5,6]
>>> lst

6. [1, 5, 6, 3.4, (5+6j)]
List¥i¥H³z¹L( + )ªº²Å¸¹¨Ó²Õ¦X¨âÓ¤£¦PªºList¡A¦pªG¬On¥
[¨ì§ÀºÝ¡A«h¥i¥H§Q¥Îappend©Îextend¨âºØ¤èªk¨Ó¹F¦¨¡A¦ý¦¹¨âÓ¤èªk¬O¤£
¤@¼Ëªº¡A¥i°Ñ¦Ò¤U±¨Ò¤l¡A¤À¿ë¥¦Ìªº¤£¦P¡C
>>> x=[1,2,3]
>>> y=[4,5,6]
>>> z=[a,b,c]
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
NameError: name 'b' is not defined
>>> z=['a','b','c']
>>> x+y
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
>>> x
[1, 2, 3]
>>> r=x+y
>>> r
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
>>> x.append(y)
>>> x
[1, 2, 3, 'abc', [4, 5, 6]]
>>> x.extend(y)
>>> x
[1, 2, 3, 'abc', [4, 5, 6], 4, 5, 6]
Listªº±Æ§Ç¥i¥H¥Îreverse( )¨ç¼Æ©Î¬O.sort(reverse=True)¨Ó¹F¦¨
>>> x
[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
>>> x.sort(reverse=True)
>>> x
[5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0]
>>> x
[5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0]
>>> x.reverse()
>>> x
[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
List Comprehension¡@ªí¦C¸ÑªR¡A§ÚÌ¥i¥H§Q¥Îfor °j°é¨Ó?¦¨¡C
l=[x**2 for x in range(10)]
>>> l
[0, 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81]
python ªºtuple¸ê®Æ«¬ºA
python ªºtuple¸ê®Æ«¬ºA»PList«D±`Ãþ¦ü¡A¬O¥Î¥ª¥k¨âÓ¬A¸¹ ' ( '»P ' ) '±N¤¸¯À¥]¦b¨ä¤
¤¡A¨ä»PList³Ì¤jªº®t§O¦b©ó¤@¦ý¨M©w¤F¤¸¯Àªº¤º®e¡A´N¤£¥i¥HÅܧó¡A¤
£¹³List¤@¼Ë¥i¥HÀH®Éקï¡C
>>> x=[1,2,3]
>>> y=(4,5,6)
>>> x[2]
3
>>> y[2]
6

7. >>> x
[1, 2, 3]
>>> x[2]=99
>>> x
[1, 2, 99]
>>> y[2]=99
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
TypeError: 'tuple' object does not support item assignment
pythonªºdict¸ê®Æ«¬ºA
¦bpythonªºListªº¸ê®Æ«¬ºA¤¤¡A¨CÓ¤¸¯À¥H¥¦©Ò¦bªº¦ì¸m§Ç¸¹§@¬°¯Á¤Þ-
Èindex¨Ó¶i¦æ¸ê®Æ¦s¨úªºkeyÈ¡A¦bdictªº¸ê®Æ«¬ºA¡A«h¬O¥i¥H¦Û©wkeyȨӰµ¬°¸ê®Æªº¯Á¤Þ-
È¡C
dict¸ê®Æ«¬ºA¬O¥Î¥ª¥k¤j¬A¸¹ ' { ' ¡B' } ' ±N¸ê®Æ¥]§t¦b¨ä¤¤¡A¨Ã¥Î³r¸¹ ' , '
¨Ó§@¬°°Ï¹j¡A¨CÓkey-value¬O¥H«_¸¹ ' : ' ¨Ó¶i¦æ°t¹ï¡A¦p¡G
>>> dic={'name':'eric','phone':'0900000000','email':'a@b.c.d'}
>>> dic
{'phone': '0900000000', 'name': 'eric', 'email': 'a@b.c.d'}
dict¸ê®Æ«¬ºAªºkeyȤ@©wn¬O¦r¦ê¸ê®Æ¡AvalueÈ«h¥i¥H¬O¥ô¦ó¸ê®Æ«¬ºA¡C
dict¤]¥i¥H¥ÑListªº°t¹ïtuple¸ê®ÆÂà´«¦Ó¨Ó¡A¨ä¤¤tuple²Ä¤@Ó¤¸¯À·|Âà´«¬°key¡A²Ä¤G-
Ó¤¸¯À·|Âà´«¦¨value
>>> x=[('name','eric'),('phone','0900000000'),('email','a@b.c.d')]
>>> y=dict(x)
>>> y
{'phone': '0900000000', 'name': 'eric', 'email': 'a@b.c.d'}
>>> y['phone']
'0900000000'
¥t¥~¤]¥i¥H¥Îzipªº¤è¦¡±N¨âÓ¦P¼Æ¶q¤£¦PListÂà´«¦¨¤@Ódict¸ê®Æ«¬ºA¡A¦p¡G
>>> x=['name','phone','email']
>>> y=['eric','0900000000','a@b.c.d']
>>> z=zip(x,y)
>>> z
[('name', 'eric'), ('phone', '0900000000'), ('email', 'a@b.c.d')]
>>> dict(z)
{'phone': '0900000000', 'name': 'eric', 'email': 'a@b.c.d'}
>>> z
[('name', 'eric'), ('phone', '0900000000'), ('email', 'a@b.c.d')]
>>> r=dict(z)
>>> r
{'phone': '0900000000', 'name': 'eric', 'email': 'a@b.c.d'}
¥t¥~¡A§Ṳ́]¥i¥H±NdictÂà´«¦¨Listªº¸ê®Æ«¬ºA¡C
>>> t=r.items()
>>> t
[('phone', '0900000000'), ('name', 'eric'), ('email', 'a@b.c.d')]
Y§ÚÌn¨ú¥Xdictªºkey©ÎvalueȮɡA¥i¥H¨Ï¥Îkeys( )¤Îvalues( )¨âÓ¤èªk¨Ó¨ú¥X¡A¦p
>>> r
{'phone': '0900000000', 'name': 'eric', 'email': 'a@b.c.d'}
>>> r.keys()

8. ['phone', 'name', 'email']
>>> r.values()
['0900000000', 'eric', 'a@b.c.d']
Yn§R°£¬Y¤@¹ïkey-value²Õ¦X®É¡A¥i¥H¨Ï¥Îdel«ü¥O¡A¦p¡G
>>> r
{'phone': '0900000000', 'name': 'eric', 'email': 'a@b.c.d'}
>>> del r['name']
>>> r
{'phone': '0900000000', 'email': 'a@b.c.d'}
python ªº¥¬ªL¸ê®Æ«¬ºA»PªÅÈ
python ¤¤nªí¥Ü¥¬ªL¸ê®Æ«¬ºA¡A¥i¥H¨Ï¥ÎTrue¤ÎFalse¨Óªí¥Ü¡A¦b±±¨î¬yµ{¤¤¡A·|¨Ï¥Î¥¬ªL-
ȨӧPÂ_¬O§_¶i¤J°j°é¡C
>>> t=True
>>> type(t)
<type 'bool'>
>>> r=False
>>> r
False
Noneªí¥ÜÅܼƬOªÅÈ¡A¨ä¬Û·í©óJavaªºnull¡C
>>> x
['name', 'phone', 'email']
>>> x=None
>>> x
python ªº¬yµ{±±¨î
python ¦b°õ¦æµ{¦¡®É¡A³£¬O¨Ì·Óµ{¦¡½Xªº¶¶§Ç¥Ñ¤W¦Ó¤U°õ¦æ¡AY¹J¨ìµ{¦¡»Ýn°µ§PÂ_¡B©Î»Ý-
n¤ÏÂаõ¦æ¬Y´X¦æµ{¦¡½X®É¡A´N»Ýn§ïÅܵ{¦¡°õ¦æªº¬yµ{¡C
if ±ø¥ó§PÂ_¦¡
·í»Ýn°µ±ø¥ó§PÂ_®É¡A´N¥²¶·¨Ï¥Î if ªº±ø¥ó§PÂ_¡A¦p¡G
>>> x=30
>>> if x>30:
... print 'x is more than 30.'
>>> elif x==30:
... print 'x is equal to 30.'
>>> else:
... print 'x is small than 30.'
>>> ...
x is equal to 30.
if ªº±ø¥ó§PÂ_¥i·f°t elif ¤Î else ¨Ó§PÂ_¨ä¥¦ªº±ø¥ó¡C¨C¤@ӲŦX±ø¥óªº°Ï¶ô¥H "¡G"
¶}©l¡A¥i¥H¥ÎÁY±Æ¨Ó°Ï¤À¡A¦ý¦P¤@°Ï¬qªºÁY±Æ¤è¦¡n¤@P¡C
if / else ¤T¤¸¹Bºâ¦¡
>>> if X:
... A=Y

9. >>> else:
... A=Z
>>> x=1
>>> if x:
... a=2
... else:
... a=3
...
>>> a
2
>>> b=2 if x else 3
>>> b
2
>>> x=0
>>> b=2 if x else 3
>>> b
3
>>> if <±ø¥ó1 > :
... #±Ôz1
>>> elif < ±ø¥ó2 > :
... #±Ôz2
>>> else :
... #±Ôz
while °j°é
¦pªG§Æ±æ¤ÏÂаõ¦æ¬Y¤@¬qµ{¦¡½X¡Aª½¨ì¹F¦¨¬Y±ø¥ó«á¤~µ²§ô®É¡A¥i¥H¨Ï¥Î while °j°é¡C
>>> i=0
>>> while i<10:
... print i
... i+=1
...
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
for °j°é
¦pªGn°w¹ï¤@Ó list ªº¸ê®Æ½d³ò§@°j°é¡A¥i¥H¨Ï¥Îfor °j°é¡A·í¨C¦¸°õ¦æ®É¡A´N·|¨Ì§Ç±q
list ¤¤¨ú¥X¤@Ó¤¸¯À¨Ó³B²z¡C
>>> x=range(10)
>>> x
[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
>>> for i in x:
... print i
...
0
1
2
3

10. 4
5
6
7
8
9
Y list ¤¤ªº¸ê®Æ¬O list ©Î tuple¸ê®Æ«¬ºA®É¡A¤]¥i¥H¨Ï¥Îfor
°j°é¨Ó¨ú¥X¹ïÀ³ªº¤¸¯À¡A¦p¡G
>>> dic={'name':'eric','email':'eric@gmail.com'}
>>> for k,v in dic.items():
... print 'dic[%s]=%s'%(k,v)
...
>>> dic[name]=eric
>>> dic[email]=eric@gmail.com
>>>
break?z·|¥ß§Y¸õÂ÷°j°é
while °j°é¥i¥H·f°tbreak ¨Ó¤¤Â_©Î©¿²¤¬Y¤@³¡¥÷ªºµ{¦¡°j°é¡C
>>> i=0
>>> while i<10:
... if i==5: break
... print i
... i+=1
...
0
1
2
3
4
continue?z·|¸õ¦Ü³Ìªñ©Ò¦bªº°j°é
§Y·í¦¸¤£°µ¡A¨Ó¨ì°j°é¶}ÀY¦C¡AÄ~Äò¤U¤@¦¸
>>> x=10
>>> while x:
... x-=1
... if x%2!=0: continue
... print x
...
8
6
4
2
0
pass ?z¬O¤°»ò¨Æ¤]¤£°µ¡AÄ~Äò°õ¦æ¤U¤@Ó?z¡C
>>> while 1:
... pass
...
n«öctrl-C¤~·|°±¤î¡C
try?z
·íµ{¦¡¦³¥i¯à°õ¦æ®É¥X²{¨Ò¥~¿ù»~¨Æ¥ó®É¡A§ÚÌ¥i¥H¨Ï¥Îtryªº±±¨î¶µ±Nµ{¦¡¥]§t¦b¨ä¤¤
¡A¨ä¥Îªk¦p¤U¡G¡@
>>> while True:
... reply=raw_input('Enter number:')
... if reply=='stop': break
... try:
... num=int(reply)

11. ... except:
... print 'Bad!'*8
... else:
... print int(reply)**2
... print 'Bye'
°õ¦æµ²ªG¡G
python trySample.py
Enter number:8
64
Enter number:9
81
Enter number:ee
Bad!Bad!Bad!Bad!Bad!Bad!Bad!Bad!
Enter number:i
Bad!Bad!Bad!Bad!Bad!Bad!Bad!Bad!
Enter number:stop
Bye
example :
¦p¦ó¥Îfor¤Îif/elseªº§PÂ_¦¡¡A¼g¥X¤U¦C¹Ï¥Ü
*
***
*****
*******
*****
***
*
Ans:
>>> intMaxSize=7
... for i in range(1,intMaxSize*2+1,2):
... if i>intMaxSize: print '*'*(intMaxSize-(i-intMaxSize))
... else: print '*'*i
is ¥Îªk
>>> 'abc' is 'qoo'
False
is not ¥Îªk
>>> 'banana' is not 'apple'
True
in ¥Îªk
>>> 'a' in 'apple'
True
¯S®í¦r¤¸
d # ¼Æ¦r = [0-9]
D # «D¼Æ¦r =[ ^0-9 ]
s # ªÅ¥Õ¦r¤¸ = [ tnrfv]
S # «DªÅ¥Õ¦r¤¸ = [^ tnrfv]
w # ¦r¥À»P¼Æ¦r =[0-9a-zA-Z]
W # «D¦r¥À»P¼Æ¦r = [^0-9a-zA-Z]

12. µ{¦¡½d¨Ò1
# * = {0,} = 0~µL¦¸
>>> import re
>>> print(re.findall('ab*', '1add2')) # ´M§äa¶}ÀY¡A«á±bªø«×¬°0~n
>>> print(re.findall('ab*', '1aabbbbb2')) # ´M§äa¶}ÀY¡A«á±bªø«×¬°0~n
>>> print(re.findall('ab{0,}', '1babbb2')) # ´M§äa¶}ÀY¡A«á±bªø«×¬°0~n
>>> print(re.findall('1[D]*', '1abc2')) # ´M§ä1¶}ÀY¡A«á-
±«D¼Æ¦rªø«×¬°0~n
>>> print(re.findall('1*c', '1abc2')) # ´M§ä1ªø«×¬°0~n¡A«á±¥X²{c
['a'] ['a', 'abbbbb'] ['abbb'] ['1abc'] ['c']
µ{¦¡½d¨Ò2
# + = {1,} = 1~µL¦¸
>>> import re
>>> print(re.findall('ab+', '1add2')) # ´M§äa¶}ÀY¡A«á±bªø«×¬°1~n
>>> print(re.findall('ab+', '1aab2')) # ´M§äa¶}ÀY¡A«á±bªø«×¬°1~n
>>> print(re.findall('ab{1,}', '1babbb2')) # ´M§äa¶}ÀY¡A«á±bªø«×¬°1~n
>>> print(re.findall('1[D]+', '1abc2')) # ´M§ä1¶}ÀY¡A«á-
±«D¼Æ¦rªø«×¬°0~n
>>> print(re.findall('w+', '1abc2')) # ´M§ä¦r¥À»P¼Æ¦r¡Aªø«×¬°1~n
>>> print(re.findall('[a-b1]+', '1abc2')) # ´M§ä¦r¥Àa-b©Î1¡Aªø«×¬°1~n
[] ['ab'] ['abbb'] ['1abc'] ['1abc2'] ['1ab']
µ{¦¡½d¨Ò3
# ? = {0,1} = 0©Î1¦¸
>>> import re
>>> print(re.findall('ab?', '1add2')) # ´M§äa¶}ÀY¡A«á±bªø«×¬°0©Î1
>>> print(re.findall('ab?', '1aab2')) # ´M§äa¶}ÀY¡A«á±bªø«×¬°0©Î1
>>> print(re.findall('ab?', '1babbb2')) # ´M§äa¶}ÀY¡A«á±bªø«×¬°0©Î1
>>> print(re.findall('1[D]?', '1abc2')) # ´M§ä1¶}ÀY¡A«á-
±«D¼Æ¦rªø«×¬°0©Î1
>>> print(re.findall('[a-b]', '1abc2')) # ´M§äa©Îb
['a'] ['a', 'ab'] ['ab'] ['1a'] ['a', 'b']
µ{¦¡½d¨Ò4
# ^ = ¦r¦êªº¶}ÀY (¥Î¦b¤¤¬A¸¹¤ºªº¤~¬O "«D" [^ ])
>>> import re
>>> print(re.findall('^a', 'abc123')) # ¥Ha¬°¶}ÀYªº¦r
>>> print(re.findall('^1', 'abc123')) # ¥H1¬°¶}ÀYªº¦r
>>> print(re.findall('^D', 'abc123')) # «D¼Æ¦r¶}ÀYªº¦r
>>> print(re.findall('^[D]+', 'abc123')) # «D¼Æ¦r¶}ÀY¡Aªø«×¬°1~n¦¸
>>> print(re.findall('^w+', 'abc123')) #
¦r¥À©Î¼Æ¦r¶}ÀY¡Aªø«×¬°1~n¦¸
['a'] [] ['a'] ['abc'] ['abc123']
µ{¦¡½d¨Ò5
# $ = ¦r¦êªºµ²§À
>>> import re
>>> print(re.findall('1$', 'abc123')) # ¥H1µ²§Àªº¦r
>>> print(re.findall('3$', 'abc123')) # ¥H3µ²§Àªº¦r
>>> print(re.findall('d$', 'abc123')) # ¥H¼Æ¦rµ²§Àªº¦r
>>> print(re.findall('d+$', 'abc123')) # ¥H¼Æ¦rµ²§Àªº¦r¡Aªø«×¬°1~n
>>> print(re.findall('[w]+$', 'abc123')) # ¦r¥À©Î¼Æ¦rµ²§À¡Aªø«×¬°1~n
[] ['3'] ['3'] ['123'] ['abc123']
¨ç¦¡¡Gfindall() ´M§ä¥þ³¡
>>> import re
>>> text =
'shdfluihnlsdgjlsrfjileghluiesrgl3h42h3583593hu6i4h32896h3896h2436jl423j84936j23
l4jt4lfff9m39m39f'
>>> pwd = re.findall('d',text)
>>> print(pwd)
['3', '4', '2', '3', '5', '8', '3', '5', '9', '3', '6', '4', '3', '2', '8', '9',

13. '6', '3', '8', '9', '6', '2', '4', '3', '6', '4', '2', '3', '8', '4', '9', '3',
'6', '2', '3', '4', '4', '9', '3', '9', '3', '9']
python ¨ç¦¡³B²z
·í¦³¤@¬qµ{¦¡½X»Ýn«Âаõ¦æ®É¡A§ÚÌ¥i¥H±N¦¹¬qµ{¦¡½X©w¸q¦¨¤@Ө禡(function)
¡A¥H§Q§@¬°«áÄò©I¥s¨Ï¥Î¡C
¨ç¦¡ªº©w¸q
§ÚÌ¥i¥H³z¹Ldef ªº¤è¦¡¨Ó©w¸q¨ç¦¡¦WºÙ
def <name>(arg1,arg2,.....,argN):
<statements>
Y¦³¦^¶ÇÈ¡A¥i©w¸q¬°
def <name>(arg1,arg2,.....,argN):
<statements>
return <vaule1,value2,.....,valueN)
¦p¡G
>>> def plusAndMulti(x,y):
... intPlus=x+y
... intMulti=x*y
... print 'x+y=%s'%intPlus
... print 'x*y=%s'%intMulti
>>> plusAndMulti(10,20)
x+y=30
x*y=200
>>> def getPlusResult(x,y):
... return x+y
>>> getPlusResult(10,20)
30
>>> def getFirstAndLastElement(lst):
... if not len(lst)>0: return None,None
... return lst[0],lst[len(lst)-1]
>>> lst=[1,2,3,4,5]
>>> getFirstAndLastElement(lst)
(1, 5)
>>> lst=[5]
>>> getFirstAndLastElement(lst)
(5, 5)
>>> lst=[]
>>> getFirstAndLastElement(lst)
(None, None)
>>> lst=[1,2,3,4,5]
>>> b,c=getFirstAndLastElement(lst)
>>> print b,c
1 5
¨ç¦¡¹w³]°Ñ¼ÆÈ
¦b©w¸q¨ç¦¡®É¡A§ÚÌ¥i¥H³]©w°Ñ¼Æªº¹w³]È¡A·í©I¥s¨ç¦¡®É¨S¦³±a¤J¦¹°Ñ¼Æ®É¡A¨t²Î´N·|
¥H¹w³]ªº°Ñ¼ÆȨӴÀ¥N¡C
>>> def getPlusResult(x,y=5):

14. ... return x+y
>>> getPlusResult(4)
9
ª`·N¡G·í°Ñ¼Æ¬O¤@Ó½ÆÂøªº¸ê®Æµ²ºc®É(«D¼Æ¦r©Î¦r¦ê)¡A¸ê®Æ¤º®e¥i¯à·|
¦]¬°²Ö¿n®ÄÀ³¦ÓÁ׶}¤F¹w³]Ȫº³]©w¡C¦p¡G
>>> def appendList(x,y=[]):
... y.append(x)
... return y
>>> appendList(3)
[3]
>>> appendList(4)
[3, 4]
>>> appendList(5)
[3, 4, 5]
¨Ï¥ÎÃöÁä¦r¶ñ¤J°Ñ¼ÆÈ
·í©w¸q¨ç¦¡»Ýn¶Ç¤J¦hӰѼÆȮɡA°£¤F¥i¥H«ö¶¶§Ç¶ñ¤J°Ñ¼ÆÈ¥H¥~¡A¤]
¥i¥H¨Ï¥Î«ü©w°Ñ¼Æ¦WºÙ¨Ó¶ñ¤J°Ñ¼ÆÈ¡A¦p¦¹´N¥i¥H¤£¥²¨Ì·Ó¶¶§Ç¤F¡C
>>> def getGreeting(greeting,name='anonymous',postfix='.'):
... return '%s, %s%s'%(greeting, name, postfix)
>>> getGreeting('Hello',postfix='?')
'Hello, anonymous?'
>>> getGreeting('Hi','Gina','~')
'Hi, Gina~'
>>> getGreeting(postfix='!',name='Tina',greeting='Yo')
'Yo, Tina!'
ª`·N¡G¦b¨ç¼Æ©w¸q®É¡A¾¨¥i¯à±N¨S¦³¹w³]-
Ȫº°Ñ¼Æ±Æ¦b¥ª°¼¡A¥H«K¦b¥¼«ü©w°Ñ¼Æ¦WºÙ®É¡A¨t²Î¯à¹ïÀ³¨ì¥¿½Tªº°Ñ¼Æ¡C
¤£©wӼưѼÆ
·í§A¦b¦Ò¼{¨ç¦¡®É¡AYµLªk½T©w¥i¯à±a¤J°Ñ¼ÆªºÓ¼Æ®É¡A¥i¥H¦b©w¸q¨ç¦¡®É¨Ï¥Î '*' ¥Nªí¤
£©wӼưѼƨөw¸q¨ç¦¡°Ñ¼Æ¡C
>>> def getMultiGreeting(greeting, *name):
... multiName=','.join(name)
... print '%s'%type(name)
... return '%s: %s'%(greeting,multiName)
>>> getMultiGreeting('Hello','eric','Tina','Gina')
<type 'tuple'>
'Hello: eric,Tina,Gina'
>>> getMultiGreeting('Hello','eric','Tina','Gina','Tom','David')
<type 'tuple'>
'Hello: eric,Tina,Gina,Tom,David'
ª`·N¡G¥Ñ '*' ©Ò©w¸qªº°Ñ¼Æ¬O¥Htuple«¬ºA¦s¦b¡A¦]¦¹¥i¥H§â¥¦·ítuple¨Ó¾Þ§@¥¦¡C
Y¨Ï¥Î '**' ¨Ó©w¸q°Ñ¼Æ¡A«h¥i¥H§â¥¦·í¦¨dictªº¸ê®Æ«¬ºA¾Þ§@¥¦¡C¦p¡G
>>> def getUsersNameEmail(name,**options):
... print 'StudentName:%s'%name
... if options.has_key('age'): print 'Age:%s'%options['age']

15. ... if options.has_key('email'): print 'Email:%s'%options['email']
>>> getUsersNameEmail('eric',age=17,email='laaa@hinet.net')
StudentName:eric
Age: 17
Email: laaa@hinet.net
¨ç¦¡¡Gsub() ¨ú¥N
# re.sub()
>>> import re
>>> pwd = re.sub('D','',text) #¤£¬O¼Æ¦rªº¨ú¥N¦¨ªÅ¦r¦ê
>>> print (pwd)
342358359364328963896243642384936234493939
¨ç¦¡¡Gjoin() ¦ê³slist
>>> tmp = re.findall('d', text) # ¬D¥X«D¼Æ¦r¡A²Õ¦¨list
>>> pwd = ''.join(tmp) # ±N¦ê¦C³s±µ°_¨Ó¡A¤¤¶¡¤
£¶ë¥ô¦ó¸ê®Æ
>>> print (pwd)
8784709893727894859089
Python ªºª«¥ó³]p
¦bpython ¤¤°£¤F¥i¥H©w¸q¨ç¦¡¥~¡A¥¦¤]¦P¼Ë¦³ª«¥ó¾É¦Vªº³]-
p¡AclassÃöÁä¦r«h¬O¥Î¨Ó©w¸qª«¥óªºÃþ§O¡Aª«¥óÃþ§O¥i¥H¥Î¨Ó²£¥Íª«¥ó¹êÅé ( instance)
¡A©Ò¥H¥¦¤]¥i¥Hµø¬°¬O¤@ºØ¸ê®Æ«¬ºA¡C
>>> class Student(object):
... number=''
... def __init__(self,number):
... self.number=number
... def set_number(self,number):
... self.number=number
... def get_number(self):
... return self.number
>>> std=Student('')
>>> print std.get_number()
>>> std=Student('N90000001')
>>> print std.get_number()
N90000001
>>> std.set_number('N00010001')
>>> print std.get_number()
N00010001
Studentª«¥óÃþ§O¤U©w¸q¤F " __init__"¡B" set_number"¡B"get_number"¤TӨ禡¡A¨C¤@-
Ө禡ªº²Ä¤@ӰѼƳ£¥²¶·¬Oself¡A¬O¥Î¨Ó¥Nªí©I¥s¦¹¨ç¦¡ªºª«¥ó¹êÅé¡C
number¬O¦¹ª«¥óªºÄÝ©Ê(attribute)¡A
set_number»Pget_number¬O¦¹ª«¥óªº¤èªk(method)¡A
__init__¤èªk¬Oª«¥óªº«Øºc¤l(constructor)¡A¬O¦b«Ø¥ßª«¥ó¹êÅé®É¨t²Î¹w³]©I¥sªº¨ç¦¡¡A
¦b¤Wz¨Ò¤l¤¤«Ø¥ßstd=Student('N90000001')ª«¥óstd®É¡A
´N¬O¹ïÀ³¨ìª«¥óÃþ§O¤Uªº__init__¨ç¦¡¡A'N90000001'«h¬O¹ïÀ³¨ìnumber°Ñ¼Æ-
È¡Aset_number»Pget_numberªº¤èªk¦bª«¥ó²£¥Í®É
´N¥i¥Hª½±µ¨Ï¥Î¡AÃþ¦ü©ójava»y¨¥ªºpublic¤èªk¡A¦p std.set_number('N00010001')
¡Bstd.get_number()¡C
Ãþ§O©w¸q§¹¦¨«á¡A¥i¥H¥Î¨Ó²£¥Í³¦hªºª«¥ó¹êÅé¡A¦Uª«¥ó¹êÅ鶡¨Ã¤£·|¤¬¬Û¼vÅT¡C

16. >>> s1=Student('N99010001')
>>> s2=Student('N99020002')
>>> s3=Student('N99030003')
>>> print s1.get_number()
N99010001
>>> print s2.get_number()
N99020002
¥t¥~¡A¦b¤Wzªº¨Ò¤l¤¤¡AnumberÄݩʤ]¬OÄÝ©ópublicªºÄÝ©Ê¡Aª«¥ó¥i¥Hª½±µ§ïÅÜnumberªºÈ¡C
>>> s1.number='N99040004'
>>> print s1.get_number()
N99040004
Y¤£·QnÅýÄݩʩΤèªk¥i¥Hª½±µ³Q®³¨Ó¨Ï¥Î¡A§ÚÌ¥i¥H§Q¥Î¨âÓ©³½u "
__"§@¬°«e¸m¦r¦ê¡A¨Ó±N¥¦ÌÁôÂð_¨Ó¡AÃþ¦üjava»y¨¥ªºprotected©Îprivate¥Îªk¡C
>>> class Student(object):
... __number=''
... def __init__(self,number):
... self.__number=number
... self.__initSomething()
... def set_number(self,number):
... self.__number=number
... def get_number(self):
... return self.__number
... def __initSomething(self):
... print 'init something....'
>>> s1=Student('N99010001')
init something....
>>> s1.__name
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
AttributeError: 'Student' object has no attribute '__name'
>>> s1.__initSomething()
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
AttributeError: 'Student' object has no attribute '__initSomething'
>>> s1.get_number()
'N99010001'
¦ý¹ï©ó¤F¸Ñpython»y¨¥ªÌ¦Ó¨¥¡A¨ä¹ê³oºØ¤è¦¡¥u¬O±N³o¨Ç¤èªk¤ÎÄÝ©Ê´«Ó¦W¤l¦Ó¤w¡AY¯u-
n©I¥s¥¦Ì¡A¤´µM¬O¥i¥H°µ±o¨ì¡A¥u¬On¦h¤@¹Dµ{§Ç¦Ó¤w¡A§Y¦b¤èªk©ÎÄݩʪº«e±¥[¤W "
_ª«¥óÃþ§O¦WºÙ"
¤~¯àª½±µ¦s¨ú¡C©Ò¥H¡A¥u¦³±oª¾Ãþ§O¦WºÙªº¤~¯àª½±µ¦s¨ú±o¨ì¡A³o¼ËÁÙ¬O¥i¥H°µ¨ì°ò¥»ªº¸ê
°TÁôÂáC
>>> s1._Student__number
'N99010001'
>>> s1._Student__initSomething()
init something....
python ªºª«¥óÄ~©Ó
ª«¥óªºÄ~©ÓÃö«Y( inheritance)¡A¥i²¤ÆÁc½Æ³]-
pªºµ{¦¡½X¡AÅýª«¥ó«O¯d¥Àª«¥óªºÄݩʤΤèªk¡A¨Ã¥i¥H¥[¤W©Î-
קï¦Û¤vªºÄÝ©Ê»P¤èªk¡A³oºØ¤è¦¡¤j¤j´£°ªµ{¦¡³]pªº®Ä²v¡AÄ~©Óªº¤èªk
´N¬O¦bª«¥óÃþ§O¦WºÙ«áªº¤p¬A¸¹¤¤¡A©ñ¤J-

17. nÄ~©Óªºª«¥óÃþ§O¦WºÙ(¦pStudentª«¥óÃþ§OÄ~©Ó¤Fobjectª«¥ó¡C
>>> class Student(object):
... number=''
... def __init__(self,number):
... self.number=number
... self.__initSomething()
... def set_number(self,number):
... self.number=number
... def get_number(self):
... return self.number
... def __initSomething(self):
... print 'init something....'
>>> class TimeWorker(Student):
... __name=''
... def __init__(self,number,name):
... self.number=number
... self.__name=name
... def set_name(self,name):
... self.__name=name
... def get_name(self):
... return self.__name
>>> tw=TimeWorker('N95050005','eric')
>>> tw.get_number()
'N95050005'
>>> tw.get_name()
'eric'
ª`·N¡GY¬On³QÄ~©Óª«¥ó¤¤ªº¦¨û®É¡A¥i¨Ï¥Îsuper( )¤èªk©I¥s¥ÀÃþ§O¤èªk©ÎÄÝ©Ê¡A¦p-
n©I¥s¥ÀÃþ§Oªº__init__³]©w«Øºc¤l¡A©ñ¤Jªì©lÈ¡C
>>> class Student(object):
... __number=''
... def __init__(self,number):
... self.__number=number
... self.__initSomething()
... def set_number(self,number):
... self.__number=number
... def get_number(self):
... return self.__number
... def __initSomething(self):
... print 'init something....'
>>> class TimeWorker(Student):
... __name=''
... def __init__(self,number,name):
... super(TimeWorker,self).__init__(number)
... self.__name=name
... def set_name(self,name):
... self.__name=name
... def get_name(self):
... return self.__name
>>> tw=TimeWorker('N95050005','eric')
init something....
>>> tw.get_number()
'N95050005'
python ªºÀɮ׳B²z

18. python n¶}±ÒÀɮ׮ɡA¥i©I¥s¤º«Øªº¨ç¦¡ open(filename, mode)¡Amode¦³¦hºØ¿ï¾Ü¡G
'r' ¡G ¶}±ÒÀɮ׬°Åª¨ú¼Ò¦¡¡A¦¹¬°¹w³]¼Ò¦¡¡C
'w'¡G¶}±ÒÀɮ׬°¥i¼g¤J¼Ò¦¡¡AYÀɮצs¦b¡A«h·|³QÂл¤º®e¡C
'a'¡G¶}±ÒÀɮ׬°¥i¶i¦æ§ÀºÝªþ¥[¼g¤J¼Ò¦¡¡C
'b'¡GÀɮ׶i¦æ¤G¶i¦ì¸ê®Æ³B²z
°Ñ¦Ò¸ê®Æ¡Ghttps://docs.python.org/2/tutorial/inputoutput.html#reading-and-
writing-files
ÀÉ®×¼g¤J¼Ò¦¡
>>> f = open('workfile', 'w')
>>> f.write('This is the entire file.n')
>>> print f
<open file 'workfile', mode 'w' at 0x020C4D88>
>>> f.close()
ÀÉ®×Ū¨ú¼Ò¦¡
>>> myfile=open('workfile')
>>> myfile.readline()
'This is the entire file.n'
>>> myfile.readline()
''
>>> f= open("rw_test", "w") # w¥Nªí¼g¤J¡Aw+«h¬O¨S¦³Àɮתº¸Ü·|¦Û°Ê·s¼W
>>> f.write("Hello 123")
>>> f.close()
>>> f = open ("rw_test", "r") # r¥NªíŪ¨ú
>>> f.read()
'Hello 123'
Àɮתþ¥[¼g¤J¼Ò¦¡
>>> f = open('workfile', 'a')
>>> f.write('Second line of the filen')
>>> f.close()
>>> myfile=open('workfile')
>>> myfile.readline()
'This is the entire file.n'
>>> myfile.readline()
'Second line of the filen'
>>> myfile.readline()
''
>>> data=open('workfile').read()
>>> print data
This is the entire file.
pythonªº¨Ò¥~³B²z
·ípythonªºµ{¦¡½X¦b°õ¦æ®É¡AYµo¥Í»yªk©Îµ{¦¡¹Bºâ¿ù»~®É¡A¨t²Î´N·|¥á¥X¤@-
Ó¨Ò¥~(Exception)¿ù»~¡A¦p¡G
>>> i=0
>>> 10/i
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
ZeroDivisionError: integer division or modulo by zero
>>> whild i<10: print i
File "<stdin>", line 1
whild i<10: print i
^

19. SyntaxError: invalid syntax
¤Wz¨Ò¤l´N¬O·í¸ê®Æ«¬ºA©Î»yªk¿ù»~®É¡Apython ª½Ä¶¾¹´N·|?
¥X(throw)ZeroDivisionError¤ÎSyntaxErrorªº¿ù»~¡A¦pªG¨S¦³¦n¦n³B²z¡Aµ{¦¡´N·|¤
¤Â_¦b¦¹¡AµLªk«ùÄò¶i¦æ¡C
§ÚÌ¥i¥H°w¹ï¯S©wªº¨Ò¥~¿ù»~¨Ó«Ø¥ß±µ¦¬¿ù»~³B²zªºµ{¦¡°Ï¬q
>>> try:
... n=10/0
... print n
... except ZeroDivisionError:
... print 'Davided by 0'
...
Davided by 0
¦¹§Y·í§Ú̹w´Áªº¿ù»~µo¥Í®É¡A´N¥i¥H³z¹L¨Æ«e³]p¦nªº³W«h¨Ó³B²z¬Û¹ïÀ³ªº¿ù»~±¡ªp¡C
¦pªG§A³]pªºµ{¦¡°Ï¶ô¦³¥i¯àµo¥Í³¦h¦UºØ¤£¦Pªº¨Ò¥~±¡ªp¡A§A¥i¥H¨Ï¥Î¦hÓ¤
£¦Pªºexcept¨Ó³B²z©Î¬O¨Ï¥Îelse¨Ó³B²z¨ä¥L¨S¦³³B²z¨ìªº¨Ò¥~ª¬ªp¡C
>>> try:
... readFile=open('testFile.txt','r')
... firstLine=readFile.readline()
... intNum=int(firstLine)
... print intNum
... except IOError:
... print 'Error on opening file or reading first line.'
... except ValueError:
... print 'Cannot convert first line to integer.'
... else:
... print 'Unknow Error'
... finally:
... print 'finally....'
YÀɮפ£¦s¦b¡A«h·|¥X²{
Error on opening file or reading first line.
finally....
YÀɮצs¦b¡A¦ý¤º®eµLªkÂà´«¦¨¾ã¼Æ®É
Cannot convert first line to integer.
finally....
¦pªG¨S¦³µo¥Í¨Ò¥~¡A°£¤F·|°õ¦æ¥Xµ²ªG¥~¡Aelseªº¤º®e¤]·|°õ¦æ
...
45
Unknow Error
finally....
finally?zªº¤º®e«h¬O¤£ºÞ°õ¦æµ²ªG¥¿±`©Î¬Oµo¥Í¨Ò¥~®É¡A¥¦³£·|Â÷¶}try¤§«e°õ¦æ¡C
¥t¥~¡A§Ṳ́]¥i¥H±N¿ù»~°T®§Åª¨ú¥X¨Ó¡A¦p¡G
>>> try:
... readFile=open('testFile1.txt','r')
... firstLine=readFile.readline()
... intNum=int(firstLine)
... print intNum
... except Exception as ex:
... print 'Error message is %s'%ex
... else:
... print 'Unknow Error'
... finally:

20. ... print 'finally....'
...
Error message is [Errno 2] No such file or directory: 'testFile1.txt'
finally....
python ¦Ûq¨Ò¥~³B²z
¦bµ{¦¡½X¤¤¡AY¯à¹w´ú·|µo¥Íªº¨Ò¥~±¡§Î¡A§A´N¥i¥H¨Ï¥ÎraiseÃöÁä¦r¨Ó¤â°Ê?¥X¤@-
Ó¨Ò¥~ª«¥ó¡C
>>> def getDivisionResult(intNum1,intNum2):
... if not intNum2:
... raise ZeroDivisionError('Number 2 can not be zero')
... else:
... return intNum1/intNum2
>>> try:
... getDivisionResult(10,0)
... except ZeroDivisionError as err:
... print 'Error Message is %s'%err
...
Error Message is Number 2 can not be zero
>>>
>>> try:
... getDivisionResult(10,5)
... except ZeroDivisionError as err:
... print 'Error Message is %s'%err
...
2
>>>
¦UºØ«¬¦¡ªºerror ª«¥ó¡A¥i°Ñ¦Ò¡Ghttps://docs.python.org/2/library/exceptions.html
¥t¥~¡A§Ṳ́]¥i¥H¦Û¦æ©w¸q¨Ò¥~ª«¥ó¡A¦Û¦æ©w¸qªºª«¥ó¡A¥²¶·nÄ~©Ó¦ÛExceptionª«¥óÃþ§O¡C
>>> class DivisionErr(Exception):
... def __init__(self,msg):
... self.message=msg
>>> def getDivisionResult(intNum1,intNum2):
... if not intNum2:
... raise DivisionErr('Number 2 can not be zero')
... else:
... return intNum1/intNum2
>>> try:
... getDivisionResult(10,0)
... except DivisionErr as err:
... print err.message
...
Number 2 can not be zero
Y§A·Q-
nÅý§A©w¸qªºª«¥ó¹êÅé¹³¤@¯ë±`¨£¨ìªº¨Ò¥~ª«¥ó¤@¼Ë¡A¯à°÷ª½±µ³z¹Lª«¥ó¹êÅé¨Ó¿é¥X®É¡A§A¥
²¶·¦bª«¥ó¤¤¥[¤J __str__ ªºª«¥ó¤èªk¡C
>>> class DivisionErr(Exception):
... def __init__(self,msg):
... self.message=msg
... def __str__(self):

21. ... return self.message
>>> def getDivisionResult(intNum1,intNum2):
... if not intNum2:
... raise DivisionErr('Number 2 can not be zero')
... else:
... return intNum1/intNum2
>>> try:
... getDivisionResult(10,0)
... except DivisionErr as err:
... print 'Error message is %s'%err
...
Error message is Number 2 can not be zero
python ªº¼Ò²Õ³]p
¦bÀ³¥Îµ{¦¡¶}µoªº¹Lµ{¤¤¡A§ÚÌ·|±N¬ÛÃöªº¨ç¦¡©ÎÃþ§Oµ{¦¡½X²Õ¦X¦b¦P¤@¤äµ{¦¡¡A³oÓ§Ú-
̺٤§¬°¼Ò²Õ¡A·í³oÓ¼Ò²Õ»Ýn³Q¨ä¥¦µ{¦¡¤Þ¥Î®É¡A¥i¥H¨Ï¥Îimport
ªº«ü¥O¨Ó±N¼Ò²Õ¤Þ¤J¡A¸g±`¤@ÓÀ³¥Îµ{¦¡¬O¥²¶·n¤Þ¥Î¦h-
Ó¼Ò²Õmodule¤~¯à§¹¦¨À³°õ¦æªº¥ô°È¡C
¹ï¨C¤@ÓpythonÀɮצӨ¥¡A§Ṳ́]¥i¥H±N¥¦µø¬°¤@Ó¼Ò²Õ¡A¨Ò¦p¡A§Ú̦bmyMathFun.pyÀɮפ
¤³]p¤@Ó¥i¥Hpºâ¶¥¼h¥[Á`ªº¨ç¦¡¡G
>>> # myMathFun.py
>>> def sumHierarchy(n):
... if n<2: return 1
... else: return n+sumHierarchy(n-1)
¦pªGn¦b¨ä¥¦ªºµ{¦¡¤¤°õ¦æ¡A´N¥²¶·§Q¥Îimport ªº»yªk©Îfrom xxx import
xxxªº»yªk±N¼Ò²Õ©Î¼Ò²Õ¤¤ªº¨ç¦¡¤Þ¤J¡G
>>> # main.py
>>> import myMathFun
>>> def main():
... print '1+2+...5= %d'%myMathFun.sumHierarchy(5)
>>> if __name__=='__main__':
... main()
·ín¤Þ¤J¯S©wª«¥óÃþ§O©Î¨ç¦¡®É¡G
>>> # main.py
>>> from myMathFun import sumHierarchy
>>> def main():
... print '1+2+...5= %d'%sumHierarchy(5)
>>> if __name__=='__main__':
... main()
°õ¦æµ²ªG¬°¡G
python main.py
1+2+...5= 15

22. ¦b¤Wz¨Ò¤l¤¤ __name__ ±`¼Æ¬O¨C¤@Ó¼Ò²Õ³£¦³ªº¤º«Ø±`¼Æ¡A³oÓ±`¼ÆªºÈ
´N¬O¼Ò²Õªº¦WºÙ(¤]¬OÀɮתº¦WºÙ)¡A·ípythonª½Ä¶¾¹¦b°õ¦æ¤@ÓpythonÀɮ׮ɡA¥¦·|
±N¦¹±`¼Æ__name__ªºÈ§ï¦¨__main__¤]´N¬O¤Á¤Jµ{¦¡°õ¦æªºÂI¡A©Ò¥H¦b¦¹ if §PÂ_¦¡¤
¤©Ò°õ¦æªº¨ç¦¡©Îµ{¦¡´N·|¦bµ{¦¡¤@¶}©l°õ¦æ®É³Q¸ü¤J¹B§@¡C
python ®M¥ó³B²z
¦bpython¤¤¡A§A¥i¥H±N¦hÓ¦PÃþ«¬©ÎÄݩʪº¼Ò²Õ¶°¤¤¦b¦P¤@ӥؿý¤¤¡A¨Ã¦b¥Ø¿ý¤¤¥[¤J
__init__.pyªºÀɮסA¨Ó²Õ¦X¦¨¤@Ó®M¥ó¡C
°²³]¦³Ó®M¥óªº¥Ø¿ý¦¨ûµ²ºc¦p¤U¡G
mylib/
__init__.py
myMathFun.py
countNum.py
Yn¤Þ¤JmyMathFun¼Ò²Õ¡A¥i¥H¦bÀɮפW¤è¥[¤J
>>> from mylib import myMathFun
Yn¨Ï¥ÎmyMathFun¤¤ªºÃþ§Oª«¥ó©Î¨ç¦¡¡A¥i¥Î
>>> #main.py
>>> from mylib import myMathFun
.....
.....
>>> myMathFun.sumHierarchy(5)
¦b __init__.py¤¤©Ò©w¸qªºª«¥óÃþ§O©Î¨ç¦¡¡A¥iª½±µ¤Þ¤J¨Ï¥Î¡C
>>> #mylib/__init__,py
>>> def sayHello():
... print ("hello')
>>> #main.py
>>> from mylib import sayHello
.....
.....
>>> sayHello()
¸ü¤J¼Ò²Õ
½d¨Ò1¡G¸ü¤J¼Ò²Õ
>>> import random # ¸ü¤Jrandom¼Ò²Õ
>>> print(random.randint(2,29)) # ¨Ï¥Î¨ä¤¤ªºrandint¨ç¦¡
>>> from random import randinr # ¸ü¤Jrandomªºrandint¼Ò²Õ
>>> print(randint(2,29)) # ¨Ï¥Î®É¤£¥Î¼g¤@¤j¦ê
½d¨Ò2¡GŪ²Õºô¶
>>> from urllib.request import urlopen # ¸ü¤JŪ¨úºô¶¼Ò²Õ
>>> data = urlopen("http://www.cs.pu.edu.tw/~ylyang/vcs_git.html").read()
>>> str = data.decode() # Âনutf-8®æ¦¡
>>> print (str)
python ¤pµ{¦¡»s§@½d¨Ò
¸Õ§Q¥Î¼Ò²Õ³]p¤@Ó¥i¥H¿ï¾Ü¤GºØ¹Bºâªºpythonµ{¦¡
(1)¥i¥H¿é¤J¤GÓ¾ã¼Æ¥|«h¹Bºâªº¹Bºâ¾¹
(2)¥i¥H¿é¤J¤@Ó¾ã¼ÆÈ,¨Ãpºâ¥¦ªº¶¥¼h¼¿n
(3)Â÷¶}

23. ¸Ñµª:
# homework.py
# coding: utf-8
import re,math
def isValidFormula(strFormula):
regexp =re.compile(r'd{1,5}[+|-|*|/]d{1,5}')
if regexp.search(strFormula): return True
return False
def getArithmeticResult(strFormula):
try:
if isValidFormula(strFormula): return eval(strFormula)
else: return 'input error'
except: return 'input error'
def getFactorialResult(strNum):
if strNum.isdigit(): return math.factorial(int(strNum))
else: return 'input error'
def main():
while True:
print u'''
½Ð¿ï¾Ü
(1)¥i¥H¿é¤J¤GÓ¾ã¼Æ¥|«h¹Bºâªº¹Bºâ¾¹
(2)¥i¥H¿é¤J¤@Ó¾ã¼ÆÈ,¨Ãpºâ¥¦ªº¶¥¼h¼¿n
(3)Â÷¶}
'''
strChoice=raw_input('Select:')
if strChoice.strip()=='1':
print u'½Ð¿é¤J¹Bºâ¦¡:'
strFormula=raw_input()
print u'%s=%s'%(strFormula,getArithmeticResult(strFormula))
elif strChoice.strip()=='2':
print u'½Ð¿é¤J¶¥¼h¼Æ¦r:'
strNum=raw_input()
print u'%s!=%s'%(strNum,getFactorialResult(strNum))
elif strChoice.strip()=='3': break
else: print 'your choice is error'
print '=========================================='
if __name__=='__main__':
main()