Punjabi dialects in Pakistan

1. Punjabi Language Variation

2. Language Variation
• The term linguistic variation (or simply variation) refers to
regional, social, or contextual differences in the ways that a
particular language is used.
• Variation between languages, dialects, and speakers is known as
interspeaker variation. Variation within the language of a single
speaker is called intraspeaker variation

3. Variable
• The linguistic variable term refers to a specific feature of a
language which shows particular variation in a community and
which is used as a tag for classifying a speaker's speech. For
example / ‫ر‬ /and /‫ڑ‬ / Phonological Variation in Majhi dialect.
• variables include phonological, lexical, morphological, syntactic,
semantic and pragmatic variation.

4. History
•3300–1500 BCE: Harappa civilization
•326 BCE: Alexander's Invasion of Punjab
•322–298 BCE: Chandragupta I, Maurya period
•711–713: Muhammad bin Qasim conquers Sindh and small part of Punjab region
•713–1200: Raj put states, Kabul Shahi & small Muslim kingdoms
•1526–1707: Mughal rule
•1539–1675: Period of 8 Sikh Gurus from Guru Angad Dev to Guru Tegh Bahadur
•1708–1713: Conquests of Banda Bahadur
•1761: The Third Battle of Panipat, between the Durrani Empire against the Maratha Empire.
•1801–1839: Sikh Empire also known as Sarkar Khalsa, Rule by Maharaja Ranjit Singh
•1845–1846: First Anglo-Sikh War
•1846: Jammu joined with the new state of Jammu and Kashmir
•1849: Complete annexation of Punjab into British India
•1849–1947: British rule
•1901: Peshawar and adjoining districts separated from the Punjab Province
•1911: Parts of Delhi separated from Punjab Province
•1947: The Partition of India divided Punjab into two parts. The Eastern part (with two rivers)
became the Indian Punjab and the Western part (three rivers) the Pakistan Punjab
•1966: Indian Punjab divided into three parts: Punjab, Haryana, and Himachal Pradesh

5. Punjabi Dialects
1. Dogri / Pha:ri 9. Therparki 16. Khaitrani
2. Gojri 10. Khairpuri 17. Jadgali
3. Dheni 11. Chachi 18. Malvi
4. Shah Puri 12. Pwa:di 19. Dwabi
5. Ja:ngli 13. Bahawalpuri
6. Multani 14. Bhtyani
7. Markzi / Majhi 15. Hindko
8. Pothohari

6. Dialects' Geography
Dogri / Pha:ri Jammu, Kangra, Gurdaspur, Sialkot, Shaker Garh, Narowal
Gojri Rajasthan , Ladakh , koh Himalaya
Pothohari Jehlam, Kahota, Sohawa, Murree, Gojar Khan, Margla, Rawalpindi
Shah Puri Sarghoda, Jhang, Mianwali, Dera Ismail khan
Ja:ngli Sahiwal, Pakptan, Kmalia, Okara, Depalpur
Multani Muzafar Garh, Multan, Dera Ghazi Khan, Khanewaal, Wehari, Lodrhaan
Markzi / Majhi Lahore, Amritsar, Sialkot, Shaikhupura, Gujranwala, Gujrat
Dehni Chakwal, Jehlam, Tala king, Khoshaab, Bhreera, Soon skaiser

7. Variables
Method
• Interview
• Recording
Analysis Types
• Phonological
• Lexical
• Semantic

8. Phonological Variation ‫ھون‬
• Name Muhammad Muddasar
• Age 22
• Gender Male
• Education CA , CSS attempted
• Ethnicity Multan , Migrated in Lahore 6 years ago
• Occupation Unemployed
• Social class Middle Class
Markzi Dialect ‫ھون‬
• ‫نیں‬ ‫والے‬ ‫ھون‬ ‫سال‬ ‫چھ‬
Multani Dialect ‫ھونے‬
• ‫نیں‬ ‫ٓالے‬ ‫ھونے‬ ‫سال‬ ‫چھ‬

9. Phonological Variation ‫گی‬
• Name Irfan
• Age 18
• Gender Male
• Education uneducated
• Ethnicity Jhang , Migrated in Lahore 1 years ago
• Occupation Waiter
• Social class Lower Class
• ‫ھو‬ ‫سال‬ ‫کہ‬ ‫اٹھارہ‬‫سی‬
• ‫ھوے‬ ‫سال‬ ‫اٹھارہ‬‫گی‬
Markzi Dialect ‫گی‬ ‫ھوے‬
Shah Puri Dialect ‫سی‬ ‫ھو‬

10. Semantic Variation ‫ونج‬
Multani Dialect ‫جانا‬
• ‫نہ‬ ‫سکول‬‫ونج‬‫گیا‬ ‫تھی‬ ‫تاپ‬ ‫تینوں‬
Markzi Dialect ’‫کرنا‬ ‫نا‬ ‫کج‬
• ‫دا‬ ‫سویر‬‫ونج‬‫ایں‬ ‫کرنا‬ ‫پیا‬
•Name Muhammad Muddasar
•Age 22
•Gender Male
•Education CA , CSS attempted
•Ethnicity Multan , Migrated in Lahore 6 years ago
•Occupation Unemployed
•Social class Middle Class

11. Phonological Variation ‫توں‬
Markzi Dialect ‫توں‬
Multani Dialect ’‫کنوں‬
• ‫میرے‬’‫کنوں‬‫تھی‬ ‫نہ‬ ‫بیگانا‬
• ‫میرے‬’‫توں‬‫ھو‬ ‫نہ‬ ‫بیگانہ‬
Name Muhammad Muddasar
Age 22
Gender Male
Education CA , CSS attempted
Ethnicity Multan , Migrated in Lahore 6 years ago
Occupation Unemployed
Social class Middle Class

12. Lexical Variation ‫توں‬
Multani / Hindko / Pothohari Dialects ‫تھیں‬
Markzi Dialect ‫توں‬
• ‫پشاور‬‫تھیں‬‫اے‬ ‫سڑک‬ ‫ھک‬ ‫پنڈی‬
• ‫الھور‬‫توں‬‫اے‬ ‫سڑک‬ ‫اک‬ ‫گوجرانوالہ‬
Name Muhammad Muddasar
Age 22
Gender Male
Education CA , CSS attempted
Ethnicity Multan , Migrated in Lahore 6 years ago
Occupation Unemployed
Social class Middle Class

13. Phonological Variation ‫دی‬
Markzi Dialect ‫دی‬
Pothohari Dialect ‫نی‬
• ‫سکول‬ ‫میرے‬‫دی‬‫اے‬ ‫وڈی‬ ‫چھت‬
• ‫سکول‬ ‫مینڈے‬‫نی‬‫اے‬ ‫وڈی‬ ‫چھت‬
Name Haseeb ur rehman
Age 25
Gender male
Education Graduation
Ethnicity Jehlam , migrated to Lahore 3 years ago
Occupation Chef
Social class Middle Class

14. Phonological variation ‫اک‬
Dehni Dialect ‫ہک‬
Markzi dialect ‫اک‬
• ‫میرا‬‫ھک‬‫اے‬ ‫بھرا‬
• ‫میرا‬‫اک‬‫اے‬ ‫پرا‬
•Name Ikhlaq
•Age 50
•Gender male
•Education Primary
•Ethnicity Chakwal , migrated to Lahore 18 years ago
•Occupation shopkeeper
•Social class Lower class

15. Phonological Variation ’‫نوں‬
• Name Faisal
• Age 28
• Gender Male
• Education Graduation
• Ethnicity Multan
• Occupation Shopkeeper
• Social class Middle class
Markzi Dialect ’‫نوں‬
• ‫میں‬’‫نوں‬‫چھیڑ‬ ‫نا‬ / ‫میں‬’‫نوں‬’‫گل‬ ‫ای‬ ‫مکایاں‬’‫اے‬ ‫مکدی‬
Multani Dialect ’‫کوں‬
• ‫اساں‬’‫کوں‬‫چھیڑ‬ ‫نا‬

16. Video

17. References
• Bhatia, Tej (1999). "Lexican Anaphors and Pronouns in Punjabi“
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u-F6nFvIpSs
• Husnain, Bhatti (2011). “ Rah-e-Madina”
• http://ladlapunjabi.blogspot.com/p/punjabi-language_1434.html