Continuation to Punctuation - 1, where you learn the usage of brackets, braces etc.

1. PUNCTUATION
() [] {}

2. TYPES
 ( ) — parentheses, round brackets or soft brackets
 [ ] — square brackets, closed brackets, hard brackets, or
brackets (US)
 { } — braces (UK and US), French brackets, curly brackets,
definite brackets, swirly brackets, curly braces, birdie brackets,
Scottish brackets, squirrelly brackets, gullwings, seagull,
squiggly brackets or fancy brackets
 ⟨ ⟩ — pointy brackets, angle brackets, triangular brackets,
diamond brackets, tuples, or chevrons
 < > — inequality signs, pointy brackets, or brackets. Sometimes
referred to as angle brackets
 ｢ ｣ — corner brackets

3. PARENTHESIS
 Either or both of the upright curved lines - ( )
 also called simply brackets, or round
brackets, curved brackets, oval brackets, or
colloquially, parens
 used to mark off explanatory or qualifying remarks in
writing.
 The insertion of some verbal unit that interrupts the
normal syntactic flow of the sentence.
 Plural: parentheses.

4.  also indicate shorthand for ―either singular or plural‖ for
nouns.
 e.g. ―the claim(s)‖
 Parentheses may also be nested (generally with one set
(such as this) inside another set).
 Parentheses in mathematics signify a
different precedence of operators.
 Normally, 2 + 3 × 4 would be 14, since the multiplication is
done before the addition.
 On the other hand (2 + 3) × 4 is 20, because the
parentheses override normal precedence, causing the

5. EXAMPLES
 "Write a three page essay on the subject 'What I
Shall Do With My Life' (with a brief account of its
chief events to date and a plan for the future).
 "The English (it must be owned) are rather a foul-
mouthed nation."
(William Hazlitt, "On Criticism")

6. Square brackets [ ]
 used to enclose explanatory or additional
information
 usually added by someone other than the original
author, especially in quoted text
 ―I appreciate it [the honour], but I must refuse‖
 They may also be used to modify quotations.
 if referring to someone's statement ―I hate to do
laundry‖, one could write: He ―hate[s] to do

7.  According to Garner, square brackets also come
in handy for subsequent authors and editors who
want to ―enclose comments, corrections,
explanations, interpolations, notes, or translations
that were not in the original text‖
 Brackets can also be used in chemistry to
represent the concentration of a chemical
substance or to denote distributed charge in
a complex ion.

8. What are these?

9. Curly brackets { }
 Curly brackets – also properly called braces in the UK
and US
 used in specialized ways in poetry and
 music (to mark repeats or joined lines)
 The musical terms for this mark joining staves
are accolade and ―brace‖
 connect two or more lines of music that are played
simultaneously.

10.  In mathematics they delimit sets
 {123}
 in writing, they may be used similarly
 ―Select your animal {goat, sheep, cow, horse} and
follow me‖.
 In many programming languages, they enclose
groups of statements. Eg. C language

11. Angle brackets or chevrons ⟨ ⟩
 Chevrons are often used to enclose highlighted
material.
 In physical sciences, chevrons are used to
denote an average over time or over another
continuous parameter.
 The inner product of two vectors is commonly

12.  In linguistics, chevrons indicate orthography, as in
 ―The English word /kæt/ is spelled ⟨cat⟩.‖
 the conventional spelling system of a language –
orthography
 Chevrons are infrequently used to denote
dialogue that is thought instead of spoken, such
as:
 ⟨ What a beautiful flower! ⟩

13.  The mathematical or logical symbols for greater-
than (>) and less-than (<) are inequality symbols.
 to set apart URLs and e-mail addresses in text,
such as ―I found it on Example.com
<http://www.example.com/>‖

14. Corner and half brackets ｢｣, ⌊ ⌋
 In East Asian punctuation, angle brackets are
used as quotation marks.
 Half brackets are used in English to mark added
text, such as in translations: ―Bill saw ⌊her⌋‖.
 The corner brackets used in mathematical logic:
 as a generalization of quotation marks