Approach to Support Diabetes through Data Visualization DivyaBastola
Used Tableau to created a Geo-map by zip codes, Bar chart by sex and race, and another Bar chart by age to display the dense of diabetes prevalence in 17 zip codes of North Texas.
Literature Review is conducted to demonstrate the reduction of hyperglycemia events after the implementation of an inpatient multidisciplinary glucose control management program.
Created Info-graphic to exhibit the ways to manage diabetes through education, counseling, meal/diet, and exercise and potential comorbidities in the diabetic patient that undergoes surgeries.
1
Change Proposal Summary Report
Jessica Ramos
Capella University
FPX 6218: Leading the Future of Health Care
Dr. Donna Ryan
November 24, 2021
2
Change Proposal Summary Report
One of the clinical conditions affecting numerous people globally is diabetes. Around 35
million people in the United States are diagnosed with diabetes annually. Based on the world
statistics, diabetes pervasiveness has increased promptly among people of low and middle
incomes. Accordingly, people living in countries such as India and China have the highest
prevalence of diabetes. Globally, approximately 5.0 million deaths resulted from diabetes and
diabetes-related disorders. Again, the countries spend billions of dollars on health expenditures for
diabetic patients and other approaches to minimize its prevalence through education and other
evidence-based practices. Besides, more than 400 million people globally are likely to develop
type 2 diabetes mellitus. The executive summary will describe some of the challenges facing
healthcare, such as type 2 diabetes, and ideal strategies and measures to mitigate such health issues.
Executive Summary
Proposed Change
Globally, type 2 diabetes mellitus is a chronic health issue affecting numerous people.
From statistics, persons diagnosed with the disease have increased significantly in the past few
decades. The Center for Disease Control has pointed out a high incidence of type 2 diabetes
mellitus among children, the elderly, and teenagers (Mayer-Davis et al., 2017). Some of the risk
factors aligned with diabetes mellitus encompass behavioral practices, lifestyle, and genetics. A
proposed change to lessen the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus entails implementing
programs including the Lifestyle Change Program and Diabetes Management Education and
Support (DMES). Such a proposed change will play a central role in raising awareness and giving
people critical information regarding type 2 diabetes, its prevention, and management (Munshi et
al., 2016). From contemporary clinical studies, recognizing diabetes risk factors early is crucial in
Donna Ryan
need to cite sources of all facts in this paragraph
Donna Ryan
cite source of this fact
3
preventing and managing chronic disorders (American Diabetes Association, 2016). Efficient
therapy might prevent or precisely delay diabetic complications. Thus, the DMES program
educates people regarding diabetes, preventive, and management strategies to improve their
lifestyle and behavioral practices.
Desired Outcomes
There is a need to boost awareness of various risk factors aligned with type 2 diabetes
mellitus. Many people will understand the risk factors contributing to the clinical disorder and
various measures or strategies to reduce its prevalence through the proposed programs ...
Running Head LITERATURE REVIEW 1LITERATURE REVIEW 5.docxhealdkathaleen
Running Head: LITERATURE REVIEW
1
LITERATURE REVIEW
5
Literature Review
Name: Liliana Faura
Course: NRS-490
Professor: Tish Dorman
Date: 1/12/2020
Introduction
The continued prevalence of type II diabetes has been blame d on sedentary lifestyle, but for a long time now, health experts have suggested dietary and lifestyle changes to reverse the trend, which may include but no limited to healthy eating and regular exercise. Scholars and clinicians have been evaluating the impact of the obesity on individuals and resources dedicated to curb the problem as not confined only to health impacts such as various types of diabetes and high-blood pressure, but also economic-wise. To shed more light on the issue of type II diabetes, this review compares the research questions, sample population, and limitation of various research studies regarding the topic of dietary and lifestyles changes for type 2 diabetic patients.
Comparison of Research Questions
According to Czupryniak et al (2010), the underlying question for the question is the impact of bariatric surgery on morbidly obese type II patients. However, as compared to Brun et al (2008), seek to answer the question of the targeted endurance training as weight reduction as well as fitness strategy on type II diabetic patients. Similarly, Umpierre (2011) seeks to determine the difference between physical activity exercise and structured exercise training on the regulation of glucose on type two patients. While prior scholars have dealt with lifestyles changes and surgery, Asemi et (2011) sought to answer the question of the impacts of “multispecies probiotic supplements on metabolic profiles, hs-CRP, and oxidative stress in diabetic patients.” While surgery is not a common way of managing weight for diabetic patients Picot et al (2012) echoes Czupryniak et al (2010) in trying to answer the question of the effectiveness of bariatric surgery as a way of managing weight on diabetic patients. Evidently, both lifestyle and dietary changes are some of the strategies used to manage complications associated with type II diabetes but there are other uncongenial ways such as bariatric surgery to manage weight in diabetic patients.
Comparison of Sample Populations
Picot et al (2012) searched 17 electronic sources, which is an according to the scholars, the meta-analysis was carried out strictly on studies that met criteria of the subject matter. Conversely Asemi et al (2013) randomly selected a sample size of 54 diabetic patients for their research. While the two studies use different reach methods, it is evident that quantitative research is more reliable in terms of sample size that qualitative research. Also, Brun and colleagues randomly selected 25 diabetic patients for their study, which pales only three (3) patients selected by Czupryniak and colleagues. Comparatively, Ninot et al (2011) randomly selected a total of 38 diabetic patients for their study, but the difference between this study and o ...
1Obesity Florida National UniversityAlina RiveroTatianaMajor22
1
Obesity
Florida National University
Alina Rivero
Health Promotion and Role Development in Advanced Nursing Practice
Professor: Alexander Garcia Salas
January 20, 2022
Obesity
2
Good nutrition is a vital factor in leading a healthy life. However, poor nutrition may
lead to nutritional problems, such as poor growth, malnutrition, obesity, and overweight.
Obesity is a major health problem at the local, national and global levels as it is associated with
the prevalence of chronic diseases. It is a major risk factor for cardiovascular conditions, such
as stroke and heart diseases, diabetes as well as cancer. Obesity affects individuals of all ages.
It is, thus, important to develop effective health promotion strategies for addressing obesity in
communities.
Obesity is a serious health concern worldwide. According to global health statistics,
there is a rising number of people who are becoming overweight and obese (World Health
Organization (WHO), 2020). Obesity has been identified as a major risk factor for the
development of cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension and heart diseases, and one of the
leading causes of premature death. There is an estimate of 340 million adolescents and children
who are obese and overweight across the world, where it is also estimated that the number of
children and adolescents who are obese has outweighed the number of individuals who are
underweight (WHO, 2020). The main causes of the increase of obesity worldwide are
increasing urbanization as well as an increase in the dietary intake of sugary foods and fatty
meals. The health strategies towards reducing obesity worldwide include global action by
international agencies as well as promoting health education worldwide on the importance of
taking healthy meals and frequent exercises.
Obesity is also a growing health concern at the national level. According to the Centers
for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), there is a constant rise in poor nutrition across the
country (Wang et al, 2020). Obesity, which is expressed in terms of Body Mass Index (BMI)
has had a significant and steady rise among children, adolescents, and the elderly, and
approximately, 37% of the entire population in the United States is estimated to be either obese
or overweight (Wang et al, 2020). Obesity has strongly been associated with the rising
3
prevalence of health concerns, such as diabetes, heart diseases, cancerous infections as well as
stroke as contributing risk factors in the United States. Similar to the global situation, obesity
has been associated with increased dietary intake of fatty and sugary meals. Other contributing
factors include physical environments, social health determinants, and family inheritance. The
health promotion strategies towards reducing its prevalence include providing access to
healthier foods, limiting access to junk and fast foods, promoting physical activities, a ...
Approach to Support Diabetes through Data Visualization DivyaBastola
Used Tableau to created a Geo-map by zip codes, Bar chart by sex and race, and another Bar chart by age to display the dense of diabetes prevalence in 17 zip codes of North Texas.
Literature Review is conducted to demonstrate the reduction of hyperglycemia events after the implementation of an inpatient multidisciplinary glucose control management program.
Created Info-graphic to exhibit the ways to manage diabetes through education, counseling, meal/diet, and exercise and potential comorbidities in the diabetic patient that undergoes surgeries.
1
Change Proposal Summary Report
Jessica Ramos
Capella University
FPX 6218: Leading the Future of Health Care
Dr. Donna Ryan
November 24, 2021
2
Change Proposal Summary Report
One of the clinical conditions affecting numerous people globally is diabetes. Around 35
million people in the United States are diagnosed with diabetes annually. Based on the world
statistics, diabetes pervasiveness has increased promptly among people of low and middle
incomes. Accordingly, people living in countries such as India and China have the highest
prevalence of diabetes. Globally, approximately 5.0 million deaths resulted from diabetes and
diabetes-related disorders. Again, the countries spend billions of dollars on health expenditures for
diabetic patients and other approaches to minimize its prevalence through education and other
evidence-based practices. Besides, more than 400 million people globally are likely to develop
type 2 diabetes mellitus. The executive summary will describe some of the challenges facing
healthcare, such as type 2 diabetes, and ideal strategies and measures to mitigate such health issues.
Executive Summary
Proposed Change
Globally, type 2 diabetes mellitus is a chronic health issue affecting numerous people.
From statistics, persons diagnosed with the disease have increased significantly in the past few
decades. The Center for Disease Control has pointed out a high incidence of type 2 diabetes
mellitus among children, the elderly, and teenagers (Mayer-Davis et al., 2017). Some of the risk
factors aligned with diabetes mellitus encompass behavioral practices, lifestyle, and genetics. A
proposed change to lessen the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus entails implementing
programs including the Lifestyle Change Program and Diabetes Management Education and
Support (DMES). Such a proposed change will play a central role in raising awareness and giving
people critical information regarding type 2 diabetes, its prevention, and management (Munshi et
al., 2016). From contemporary clinical studies, recognizing diabetes risk factors early is crucial in
Donna Ryan
need to cite sources of all facts in this paragraph
Donna Ryan
cite source of this fact
3
preventing and managing chronic disorders (American Diabetes Association, 2016). Efficient
therapy might prevent or precisely delay diabetic complications. Thus, the DMES program
educates people regarding diabetes, preventive, and management strategies to improve their
lifestyle and behavioral practices.
Desired Outcomes
There is a need to boost awareness of various risk factors aligned with type 2 diabetes
mellitus. Many people will understand the risk factors contributing to the clinical disorder and
various measures or strategies to reduce its prevalence through the proposed programs ...
Running Head LITERATURE REVIEW 1LITERATURE REVIEW 5.docxhealdkathaleen
Running Head: LITERATURE REVIEW
1
LITERATURE REVIEW
5
Literature Review
Name: Liliana Faura
Course: NRS-490
Professor: Tish Dorman
Date: 1/12/2020
Introduction
The continued prevalence of type II diabetes has been blame d on sedentary lifestyle, but for a long time now, health experts have suggested dietary and lifestyle changes to reverse the trend, which may include but no limited to healthy eating and regular exercise. Scholars and clinicians have been evaluating the impact of the obesity on individuals and resources dedicated to curb the problem as not confined only to health impacts such as various types of diabetes and high-blood pressure, but also economic-wise. To shed more light on the issue of type II diabetes, this review compares the research questions, sample population, and limitation of various research studies regarding the topic of dietary and lifestyles changes for type 2 diabetic patients.
Comparison of Research Questions
According to Czupryniak et al (2010), the underlying question for the question is the impact of bariatric surgery on morbidly obese type II patients. However, as compared to Brun et al (2008), seek to answer the question of the targeted endurance training as weight reduction as well as fitness strategy on type II diabetic patients. Similarly, Umpierre (2011) seeks to determine the difference between physical activity exercise and structured exercise training on the regulation of glucose on type two patients. While prior scholars have dealt with lifestyles changes and surgery, Asemi et (2011) sought to answer the question of the impacts of “multispecies probiotic supplements on metabolic profiles, hs-CRP, and oxidative stress in diabetic patients.” While surgery is not a common way of managing weight for diabetic patients Picot et al (2012) echoes Czupryniak et al (2010) in trying to answer the question of the effectiveness of bariatric surgery as a way of managing weight on diabetic patients. Evidently, both lifestyle and dietary changes are some of the strategies used to manage complications associated with type II diabetes but there are other uncongenial ways such as bariatric surgery to manage weight in diabetic patients.
Comparison of Sample Populations
Picot et al (2012) searched 17 electronic sources, which is an according to the scholars, the meta-analysis was carried out strictly on studies that met criteria of the subject matter. Conversely Asemi et al (2013) randomly selected a sample size of 54 diabetic patients for their research. While the two studies use different reach methods, it is evident that quantitative research is more reliable in terms of sample size that qualitative research. Also, Brun and colleagues randomly selected 25 diabetic patients for their study, which pales only three (3) patients selected by Czupryniak and colleagues. Comparatively, Ninot et al (2011) randomly selected a total of 38 diabetic patients for their study, but the difference between this study and o ...
1Obesity Florida National UniversityAlina RiveroTatianaMajor22
1
Obesity
Florida National University
Alina Rivero
Health Promotion and Role Development in Advanced Nursing Practice
Professor: Alexander Garcia Salas
January 20, 2022
Obesity
2
Good nutrition is a vital factor in leading a healthy life. However, poor nutrition may
lead to nutritional problems, such as poor growth, malnutrition, obesity, and overweight.
Obesity is a major health problem at the local, national and global levels as it is associated with
the prevalence of chronic diseases. It is a major risk factor for cardiovascular conditions, such
as stroke and heart diseases, diabetes as well as cancer. Obesity affects individuals of all ages.
It is, thus, important to develop effective health promotion strategies for addressing obesity in
communities.
Obesity is a serious health concern worldwide. According to global health statistics,
there is a rising number of people who are becoming overweight and obese (World Health
Organization (WHO), 2020). Obesity has been identified as a major risk factor for the
development of cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension and heart diseases, and one of the
leading causes of premature death. There is an estimate of 340 million adolescents and children
who are obese and overweight across the world, where it is also estimated that the number of
children and adolescents who are obese has outweighed the number of individuals who are
underweight (WHO, 2020). The main causes of the increase of obesity worldwide are
increasing urbanization as well as an increase in the dietary intake of sugary foods and fatty
meals. The health strategies towards reducing obesity worldwide include global action by
international agencies as well as promoting health education worldwide on the importance of
taking healthy meals and frequent exercises.
Obesity is also a growing health concern at the national level. According to the Centers
for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), there is a constant rise in poor nutrition across the
country (Wang et al, 2020). Obesity, which is expressed in terms of Body Mass Index (BMI)
has had a significant and steady rise among children, adolescents, and the elderly, and
approximately, 37% of the entire population in the United States is estimated to be either obese
or overweight (Wang et al, 2020). Obesity has strongly been associated with the rising
3
prevalence of health concerns, such as diabetes, heart diseases, cancerous infections as well as
stroke as contributing risk factors in the United States. Similar to the global situation, obesity
has been associated with increased dietary intake of fatty and sugary meals. Other contributing
factors include physical environments, social health determinants, and family inheritance. The
health promotion strategies towards reducing its prevalence include providing access to
healthier foods, limiting access to junk and fast foods, promoting physical activities, a ...
Running head Healthy people 2020Healthy people 2020 .docxcowinhelen
Running head: Healthy people 2020
Healthy people 2020 2
Healthy people 2020
Diabetes mellitus
Introduction
This is a disease that results from the body’s inability to produce enough insulin or inability of the body to produce an appropriate response to insulin. This is the hormone regulation the way the body absorbs glucose. The improper functioning of the insulin in the body may result in elevated levels of blood glucose resulting in various abnormal metabolic activities. This finally results in complications in the body functioning. I am interested in this illness because of its prevalence currently. Across the globe, the number of individual suffering from diabetes mellitus has increased in the past ten years and that has brought this concern. Currently, in the United States, the effect is estimated at 29.1 million. The disease has been classified by the healthy people 2020 initiative group as occupying the 7nth position among the leading causes of death currently.
Morbidity and comorbidity in the United States
There are various disparities in the diabetes risk. The people from the minority population are most likely to suffer from type 2 diabetes. The minority groups, in this case, comprises 25% of the adult patient suffering from diabetes in the United States. The majority group comprises the children and adolescent with diabetes type 2. According to the healthy people initiate 2020, the African American, American Indians, and some Asian Americans are at higher risk of suffering from type 2 diabetes. The prevalence of this illness among the American Indians is 2-5 times that of the whites. Averagely, African Americans are 1.7 times as likely compared to Mexican Americans (Healthy people 2020, 2016). There are some barriers to the progress of diabetes care. The first one being the challenges arising from the design of the healthcare system and the other one being the continuous increase of diabetes cases. This results to decrease in the attention and resources available for every patient. Apart from the two, there are other comorbidities associated with diabetes. These include fracture risks, cancer risk, and prognosis, cognitive impairment, and incontinence.
Impact on health of the nation
Though manageable, diabetes is still one of the diseases posing a major health threat to the United States population and its healthcare system. This illness affects approximately 26 million people in this country with approximately 18.8 million people diagnosed and about seven million not yet diagnosed. Diabetes comes with an array of health issues. Among them being lower limb amputation, it has been determined to possibly cause blindness and kidney failure. Again, it contributes a lot to cardiovascular diseases. Research has indicated that approximately 68% of people suffering from diabetes end up dying of cardiovascular diseases. Economically, research shows that in 2012, this illness caused the United States to close to ...
Management of Excess Weight and Obesity: A Global PerspectiveCrimsonPublishersIOD
Non-communicable diseases (NCDs), especially, hypertension, excess weight, obesity, metabolic syndrome, type-2 diabetes, and vascular diseases,
have increased rapidly in the last two decades and have reached an epidemic status worldwide. Some experts have compared this increase in the
incidence of these diseases as “tsunamis”. Tsunamis’ are seasonal and unpredictable whereas, these diseases are predictable and not seasonal. So, what
are we going to do about this situation? Are we going to sit and wait for some miracle to happen? What are the member nations of the United Nations,
World Health Organization, NCD Task Force going to do about this, besides writing and publishing scary reports of future economic and healthcare
disasters? In this overview, we would like to discuss briefly the salient findings on this topic, initiate a healthy dialogue, request suggestions, positive
comments, and offer few suggestions.
Role of Daily life style and Medication in Prevention and treatment of obesityPriyankaKilaniya
The rising prevalence of overweight and obesity underscores the need for enhanced intervention strategies to tackle this significant public health issue. Increases in energy expenditure through exercise and other physical activity may be a crucial component of effective interventions to enhance initial weight loss and prevent weight regain. achieve these outcomes, it is recommended to engage in appropriate levels of exercise and physical activity, with 60 to 90 minutes per day being the recommended duration. Epidemiological surveys in England reveal that obesity is prevalent, defined as a body mass index (BMI) of greater than 30 kg/m2. This study is the first to report the prevalence of general obesity and abdominal obesity in the adult population of Spain, based on weight, height, and waist circumference measurements. Diet, smoking, and physical activity are significant lifestyle factors that can significantly impact body weight and fat accumulation. The PREDIMED study, a randomized dietary primary prevention trial conducted in Spain, assessed the relationship between lifestyle and obesity risk. A study assessed 7,000 high-cardiovascular risk subjects, determining a healthy lifestyle pattern (HLP) based on Mediterranean diet adherence, moderate alcohol consumption, daily physical activity of 200kcal/day, and non-smoking.
Effects of Diabetes Mellitus in Prediction of Its Management in Kakamega Countypaperpublications3
Abstract: This descriptive study aimed at studying whether the effects of diabetes mellitus can predict its management in Kakamega County and Kenya. 327 respondents took part in the survey, with 135 (41.3%) being females and 192 (58.7%) being males. Most of the respondents, 190 (62.5%) had acquired primary education, 23 (7.6%) of the respondents had attained post-secondary education. 91(29.9%) of the respondents had attained secondary education. Most of the respondents did know the side effects of diabetes mellitus 204 (67.1%). Those who said loose of body weight 91 (29.9%) as side effects of diabetes were many as compared to those who identified non-healing wounds 9 (3%). Most of the respondents indicated that they did exercise as part of utilization of glucose in the blood stream. Although bicycling was done as an exercise but those who did were 13 (4.3%) as those who did not were 291 (95.7%). A balanced diet results in control of blood pressure and dyslipidemia which was a good riddance in the study area. Both the national government and the county government of Kenya and Kakamega respectively should strengthen health systems through innovative health care and promotion on effects of diabetes mellitus so that the burden of diabetes mellitus is reduced on both the health care services and the community in Kakamega and Kenya.
RunningHead: PICOT Question 1
RunningHead: PICOT Question 7
PICOT Question
Avery Bryan
NRS-433V
Professor Christine Vannelli
May 19, 2019
Clinical Problem
A report from the Center for Disease Control and Prevention in 2015 revealed that (9.4%) 30.3 million Americans are diabetic and 84.1 million have prediabetes. This is a total population of over 100 million is at risk of developing type 2 diabetes which is a growing health problem being the seventh leading cause of death in the U.S. An estimated 1.5 million new cases were among 18-year old bracket and the rates of diagnosed diabetes increased proportionally to age. Below 44 years accounted for 4%, below 64 years at 17 % and 25% for those above 65 years across both genders. One-third of adults in America has prediabetes but sadly, they are unaware despite reports released by The National Diabetes Statistics Report every year. These reports elaborate on prevalence and incidence, prediabetes, long-term complications, risk factors, mortality, and cost. Diabetes poses the risk of serious complications like death, blindness, stroke, kidney disorders, cardiac diseases and health problems that lead to amputation of legs. However, the risks can be mitigated through physical body activities, proper dieting and prescribed use of insulin and other related measures to control the blood sugar levels. Diabetes Prevention Program was funded by NIH to research a yearly evidence-based program to improve healthy weight loss through diet and physical activities. There also efforts to determine the effectiveness of public service campaigns in improving the real-life experience in the diagnosis and treatment of diabetes.
PICOT Question.
The population affected by diabetes cuts across all ages, gender, race, and ethnicity. The prevalence is significantly high from 18 years and it increases with age to about 25% above 65 years. In terms of gender, men are at higher risk accounting for 37% while women are at 30% across races and educational levels. On races, the rates were higher among Indians/Alaska natives at 15%, non-Hispanic blacks at 12.7% and Hispanics at 12%. Among Asians, the rates were lower at 8% and 7.4% for non-Hispanic whites.
Intervention indicator for diabetes shows that individuals who do not observe a healthy diet are more exposed to the disease. Some risk behaviors include lack of exercise and excessive intake of junk foods that lead to obesity and increased blood sugar levels. Diabetes prevalence varied according to education levels were those with less than high school education at 12.6% and 7.2% for those higher than high school education.
Comparison and use of a control group from the popularity of Complementary and Alternative Medicine and Traditional Chinese Medicine showed distinct knowledge of diabetes, blood sugar control, and self-care. The experimental group received education through interactive multimedia for three months while the control group received.
What are the differences in publishing diabetes epidemiological manuscripts.pdfPubrica
The scientific and medical research papers produced by Pubrica's team of researchers and writers may be an invaluable tool for authors and practitioners.
Running Head Obesity, Healthy Diet and Health .docxtodd581
Running Head: Obesity, Healthy Diet and Health 1
Obesity, Healthy Diet and Health 19
Obesity, Healthy Diet and Health
PUH 6301 Public Health Research
Abstract
Having a good nutrition habit, healthy body weight, and physical activities are essential aspects of good health and wellness. The combination of all three factors is critical in reducing the chances of getting severe health complications such as diabetes, hypertension, high cholesterol, cancer, stroke, and heart complications. Managing a good health condition also relies on how one adhere to regular physical exercises, a well-maintained body weight, and a healthy diet. However, according to (Healthy People 2020), most Americans don't check their menu and are lazy in taking apart in physical activities to the required levels as a way of maintaining proper health.
According to CDCP (2013), fruit consumption among adults is 1.1 times in a day, and the use of vegetables on a daily scale is 1.6, with adolescents recording the lowest use of both fruits and vegetables. The statistic shows that the average daily consumption of both fruits and vegetables among Americans doesn't meet the recommended intake of fruits and vegetables. About 81.6% and 81.8% of American adults and adolescents respectively don't take part in physical activities on a recommended daily scale. These behaviors are among the leading factors that contribute to the rising cases of Obesity. Approximately 1 out of 3 US adults, which represents 34 % and 1 out of 6 adolescents and children, which is 16.2 %, are obese.
Obesity-related complications include stroke, heart disease, and type two diabetes. The current in death cases is as a result of the obesity-related complications. Besides the death cases, obesity-related diseases cots this country millions of money annually, making it one of the most significant burdens that this country is struggling with regards to the health care system.
Introduction
Maintaining a healthy diet is an essential factor that determines how healthy our bodies become. We must retain less sugar, salt, and fats diet daily. Cases associated with obesity are not causing deaths but also taking so much of this country's financial resources. Every year both the federal, state, and county governments invest million into the health sector as a way of improving the infrastructures required to deal with obesity-related complications. Any healthy combines a variety of foods such as cereals, legumes, proteins, fruits, and vegetables. Research shows that obesity is gradually grown into a global crisis with WHO initiating campaigns aimed at establishing the importance of maintaining a healthy diet (Abidin, 2014).
The love for foods prepared away from homes is another challenging factor in dealing with obesity complications. Fast foods contain .
Running Head Obesity, Healthy Diet and Health .docxglendar3
Running Head: Obesity, Healthy Diet and Health 1
Obesity, Healthy Diet and Health 19
Obesity, Healthy Diet and Health
PUH 6301 Public Health Research
Abstract
Having a good nutrition habit, healthy body weight, and physical activities are essential aspects of good health and wellness. The combination of all three factors is critical in reducing the chances of getting severe health complications such as diabetes, hypertension, high cholesterol, cancer, stroke, and heart complications. Managing a good health condition also relies on how one adhere to regular physical exercises, a well-maintained body weight, and a healthy diet. However, according to (Healthy People 2020), most Americans don't check their menu and are lazy in taking apart in physical activities to the required levels as a way of maintaining proper health.
According to CDCP (2013), fruit consumption among adults is 1.1 times in a day, and the use of vegetables on a daily scale is 1.6, with adolescents recording the lowest use of both fruits and vegetables. The statistic shows that the average daily consumption of both fruits and vegetables among Americans doesn't meet the recommended intake of fruits and vegetables. About 81.6% and 81.8% of American adults and adolescents respectively don't take part in physical activities on a recommended daily scale. These behaviors are among the leading factors that contribute to the rising cases of Obesity. Approximately 1 out of 3 US adults, which represents 34 % and 1 out of 6 adolescents and children, which is 16.2 %, are obese.
Obesity-related complications include stroke, heart disease, and type two diabetes. The current in death cases is as a result of the obesity-related complications. Besides the death cases, obesity-related diseases cots this country millions of money annually, making it one of the most significant burdens that this country is struggling with regards to the health care system.
Introduction
Maintaining a healthy diet is an essential factor that determines how healthy our bodies become. We must retain less sugar, salt, and fats diet daily. Cases associated with obesity are not causing deaths but also taking so much of this country's financial resources. Every year both the federal, state, and county governments invest million into the health sector as a way of improving the infrastructures required to deal with obesity-related complications. Any healthy combines a variety of foods such as cereals, legumes, proteins, fruits, and vegetables. Research shows that obesity is gradually grown into a global crisis with WHO initiating campaigns aimed at establishing the importance of maintaining a healthy diet (Abidin, 2014).
The love for foods prepared away from homes is another challenging factor in dealing with obesity complications. Fast foods contain .
Running Head Obesity, Healthy Diet and Health .docxjeanettehully
Running Head: Obesity, Healthy Diet and Health 1
Obesity, Healthy Diet and Health 19
Obesity, Healthy Diet and Health
PUH 6301 Public Health Research
Abstract
Having a good nutrition habit, healthy body weight, and physical activities are essential aspects of good health and wellness. The combination of all three factors is critical in reducing the chances of getting severe health complications such as diabetes, hypertension, high cholesterol, cancer, stroke, and heart complications. Managing a good health condition also relies on how one adhere to regular physical exercises, a well-maintained body weight, and a healthy diet. However, according to (Healthy People 2020), most Americans don't check their menu and are lazy in taking apart in physical activities to the required levels as a way of maintaining proper health.
According to CDCP (2013), fruit consumption among adults is 1.1 times in a day, and the use of vegetables on a daily scale is 1.6, with adolescents recording the lowest use of both fruits and vegetables. The statistic shows that the average daily consumption of both fruits and vegetables among Americans doesn't meet the recommended intake of fruits and vegetables. About 81.6% and 81.8% of American adults and adolescents respectively don't take part in physical activities on a recommended daily scale. These behaviors are among the leading factors that contribute to the rising cases of Obesity. Approximately 1 out of 3 US adults, which represents 34 % and 1 out of 6 adolescents and children, which is 16.2 %, are obese.
Obesity-related complications include stroke, heart disease, and type two diabetes. The current in death cases is as a result of the obesity-related complications. Besides the death cases, obesity-related diseases cots this country millions of money annually, making it one of the most significant burdens that this country is struggling with regards to the health care system.
Introduction
Maintaining a healthy diet is an essential factor that determines how healthy our bodies become. We must retain less sugar, salt, and fats diet daily. Cases associated with obesity are not causing deaths but also taking so much of this country's financial resources. Every year both the federal, state, and county governments invest million into the health sector as a way of improving the infrastructures required to deal with obesity-related complications. Any healthy combines a variety of foods such as cereals, legumes, proteins, fruits, and vegetables. Research shows that obesity is gradually grown into a global crisis with WHO initiating campaigns aimed at establishing the importance of maintaining a healthy diet (Abidin, 2014).
The love for foods prepared away from homes is another challenging factor in dealing with obesity complications. Fast foods contain ...
Running head Healthy people 2020Healthy people 2020 .docxcowinhelen
Running head: Healthy people 2020
Healthy people 2020 2
Healthy people 2020
Diabetes mellitus
Introduction
This is a disease that results from the body’s inability to produce enough insulin or inability of the body to produce an appropriate response to insulin. This is the hormone regulation the way the body absorbs glucose. The improper functioning of the insulin in the body may result in elevated levels of blood glucose resulting in various abnormal metabolic activities. This finally results in complications in the body functioning. I am interested in this illness because of its prevalence currently. Across the globe, the number of individual suffering from diabetes mellitus has increased in the past ten years and that has brought this concern. Currently, in the United States, the effect is estimated at 29.1 million. The disease has been classified by the healthy people 2020 initiative group as occupying the 7nth position among the leading causes of death currently.
Morbidity and comorbidity in the United States
There are various disparities in the diabetes risk. The people from the minority population are most likely to suffer from type 2 diabetes. The minority groups, in this case, comprises 25% of the adult patient suffering from diabetes in the United States. The majority group comprises the children and adolescent with diabetes type 2. According to the healthy people initiate 2020, the African American, American Indians, and some Asian Americans are at higher risk of suffering from type 2 diabetes. The prevalence of this illness among the American Indians is 2-5 times that of the whites. Averagely, African Americans are 1.7 times as likely compared to Mexican Americans (Healthy people 2020, 2016). There are some barriers to the progress of diabetes care. The first one being the challenges arising from the design of the healthcare system and the other one being the continuous increase of diabetes cases. This results to decrease in the attention and resources available for every patient. Apart from the two, there are other comorbidities associated with diabetes. These include fracture risks, cancer risk, and prognosis, cognitive impairment, and incontinence.
Impact on health of the nation
Though manageable, diabetes is still one of the diseases posing a major health threat to the United States population and its healthcare system. This illness affects approximately 26 million people in this country with approximately 18.8 million people diagnosed and about seven million not yet diagnosed. Diabetes comes with an array of health issues. Among them being lower limb amputation, it has been determined to possibly cause blindness and kidney failure. Again, it contributes a lot to cardiovascular diseases. Research has indicated that approximately 68% of people suffering from diabetes end up dying of cardiovascular diseases. Economically, research shows that in 2012, this illness caused the United States to close to ...
Management of Excess Weight and Obesity: A Global PerspectiveCrimsonPublishersIOD
Non-communicable diseases (NCDs), especially, hypertension, excess weight, obesity, metabolic syndrome, type-2 diabetes, and vascular diseases,
have increased rapidly in the last two decades and have reached an epidemic status worldwide. Some experts have compared this increase in the
incidence of these diseases as “tsunamis”. Tsunamis’ are seasonal and unpredictable whereas, these diseases are predictable and not seasonal. So, what
are we going to do about this situation? Are we going to sit and wait for some miracle to happen? What are the member nations of the United Nations,
World Health Organization, NCD Task Force going to do about this, besides writing and publishing scary reports of future economic and healthcare
disasters? In this overview, we would like to discuss briefly the salient findings on this topic, initiate a healthy dialogue, request suggestions, positive
comments, and offer few suggestions.
Role of Daily life style and Medication in Prevention and treatment of obesityPriyankaKilaniya
The rising prevalence of overweight and obesity underscores the need for enhanced intervention strategies to tackle this significant public health issue. Increases in energy expenditure through exercise and other physical activity may be a crucial component of effective interventions to enhance initial weight loss and prevent weight regain. achieve these outcomes, it is recommended to engage in appropriate levels of exercise and physical activity, with 60 to 90 minutes per day being the recommended duration. Epidemiological surveys in England reveal that obesity is prevalent, defined as a body mass index (BMI) of greater than 30 kg/m2. This study is the first to report the prevalence of general obesity and abdominal obesity in the adult population of Spain, based on weight, height, and waist circumference measurements. Diet, smoking, and physical activity are significant lifestyle factors that can significantly impact body weight and fat accumulation. The PREDIMED study, a randomized dietary primary prevention trial conducted in Spain, assessed the relationship between lifestyle and obesity risk. A study assessed 7,000 high-cardiovascular risk subjects, determining a healthy lifestyle pattern (HLP) based on Mediterranean diet adherence, moderate alcohol consumption, daily physical activity of 200kcal/day, and non-smoking.
Effects of Diabetes Mellitus in Prediction of Its Management in Kakamega Countypaperpublications3
Abstract: This descriptive study aimed at studying whether the effects of diabetes mellitus can predict its management in Kakamega County and Kenya. 327 respondents took part in the survey, with 135 (41.3%) being females and 192 (58.7%) being males. Most of the respondents, 190 (62.5%) had acquired primary education, 23 (7.6%) of the respondents had attained post-secondary education. 91(29.9%) of the respondents had attained secondary education. Most of the respondents did know the side effects of diabetes mellitus 204 (67.1%). Those who said loose of body weight 91 (29.9%) as side effects of diabetes were many as compared to those who identified non-healing wounds 9 (3%). Most of the respondents indicated that they did exercise as part of utilization of glucose in the blood stream. Although bicycling was done as an exercise but those who did were 13 (4.3%) as those who did not were 291 (95.7%). A balanced diet results in control of blood pressure and dyslipidemia which was a good riddance in the study area. Both the national government and the county government of Kenya and Kakamega respectively should strengthen health systems through innovative health care and promotion on effects of diabetes mellitus so that the burden of diabetes mellitus is reduced on both the health care services and the community in Kakamega and Kenya.
RunningHead: PICOT Question 1
RunningHead: PICOT Question 7
PICOT Question
Avery Bryan
NRS-433V
Professor Christine Vannelli
May 19, 2019
Clinical Problem
A report from the Center for Disease Control and Prevention in 2015 revealed that (9.4%) 30.3 million Americans are diabetic and 84.1 million have prediabetes. This is a total population of over 100 million is at risk of developing type 2 diabetes which is a growing health problem being the seventh leading cause of death in the U.S. An estimated 1.5 million new cases were among 18-year old bracket and the rates of diagnosed diabetes increased proportionally to age. Below 44 years accounted for 4%, below 64 years at 17 % and 25% for those above 65 years across both genders. One-third of adults in America has prediabetes but sadly, they are unaware despite reports released by The National Diabetes Statistics Report every year. These reports elaborate on prevalence and incidence, prediabetes, long-term complications, risk factors, mortality, and cost. Diabetes poses the risk of serious complications like death, blindness, stroke, kidney disorders, cardiac diseases and health problems that lead to amputation of legs. However, the risks can be mitigated through physical body activities, proper dieting and prescribed use of insulin and other related measures to control the blood sugar levels. Diabetes Prevention Program was funded by NIH to research a yearly evidence-based program to improve healthy weight loss through diet and physical activities. There also efforts to determine the effectiveness of public service campaigns in improving the real-life experience in the diagnosis and treatment of diabetes.
PICOT Question.
The population affected by diabetes cuts across all ages, gender, race, and ethnicity. The prevalence is significantly high from 18 years and it increases with age to about 25% above 65 years. In terms of gender, men are at higher risk accounting for 37% while women are at 30% across races and educational levels. On races, the rates were higher among Indians/Alaska natives at 15%, non-Hispanic blacks at 12.7% and Hispanics at 12%. Among Asians, the rates were lower at 8% and 7.4% for non-Hispanic whites.
Intervention indicator for diabetes shows that individuals who do not observe a healthy diet are more exposed to the disease. Some risk behaviors include lack of exercise and excessive intake of junk foods that lead to obesity and increased blood sugar levels. Diabetes prevalence varied according to education levels were those with less than high school education at 12.6% and 7.2% for those higher than high school education.
Comparison and use of a control group from the popularity of Complementary and Alternative Medicine and Traditional Chinese Medicine showed distinct knowledge of diabetes, blood sugar control, and self-care. The experimental group received education through interactive multimedia for three months while the control group received.
What are the differences in publishing diabetes epidemiological manuscripts.pdfPubrica
The scientific and medical research papers produced by Pubrica's team of researchers and writers may be an invaluable tool for authors and practitioners.
Running Head Obesity, Healthy Diet and Health .docxtodd581
Running Head: Obesity, Healthy Diet and Health 1
Obesity, Healthy Diet and Health 19
Obesity, Healthy Diet and Health
PUH 6301 Public Health Research
Abstract
Having a good nutrition habit, healthy body weight, and physical activities are essential aspects of good health and wellness. The combination of all three factors is critical in reducing the chances of getting severe health complications such as diabetes, hypertension, high cholesterol, cancer, stroke, and heart complications. Managing a good health condition also relies on how one adhere to regular physical exercises, a well-maintained body weight, and a healthy diet. However, according to (Healthy People 2020), most Americans don't check their menu and are lazy in taking apart in physical activities to the required levels as a way of maintaining proper health.
According to CDCP (2013), fruit consumption among adults is 1.1 times in a day, and the use of vegetables on a daily scale is 1.6, with adolescents recording the lowest use of both fruits and vegetables. The statistic shows that the average daily consumption of both fruits and vegetables among Americans doesn't meet the recommended intake of fruits and vegetables. About 81.6% and 81.8% of American adults and adolescents respectively don't take part in physical activities on a recommended daily scale. These behaviors are among the leading factors that contribute to the rising cases of Obesity. Approximately 1 out of 3 US adults, which represents 34 % and 1 out of 6 adolescents and children, which is 16.2 %, are obese.
Obesity-related complications include stroke, heart disease, and type two diabetes. The current in death cases is as a result of the obesity-related complications. Besides the death cases, obesity-related diseases cots this country millions of money annually, making it one of the most significant burdens that this country is struggling with regards to the health care system.
Introduction
Maintaining a healthy diet is an essential factor that determines how healthy our bodies become. We must retain less sugar, salt, and fats diet daily. Cases associated with obesity are not causing deaths but also taking so much of this country's financial resources. Every year both the federal, state, and county governments invest million into the health sector as a way of improving the infrastructures required to deal with obesity-related complications. Any healthy combines a variety of foods such as cereals, legumes, proteins, fruits, and vegetables. Research shows that obesity is gradually grown into a global crisis with WHO initiating campaigns aimed at establishing the importance of maintaining a healthy diet (Abidin, 2014).
The love for foods prepared away from homes is another challenging factor in dealing with obesity complications. Fast foods contain .
Running Head Obesity, Healthy Diet and Health .docxglendar3
Running Head: Obesity, Healthy Diet and Health 1
Obesity, Healthy Diet and Health 19
Obesity, Healthy Diet and Health
PUH 6301 Public Health Research
Abstract
Having a good nutrition habit, healthy body weight, and physical activities are essential aspects of good health and wellness. The combination of all three factors is critical in reducing the chances of getting severe health complications such as diabetes, hypertension, high cholesterol, cancer, stroke, and heart complications. Managing a good health condition also relies on how one adhere to regular physical exercises, a well-maintained body weight, and a healthy diet. However, according to (Healthy People 2020), most Americans don't check their menu and are lazy in taking apart in physical activities to the required levels as a way of maintaining proper health.
According to CDCP (2013), fruit consumption among adults is 1.1 times in a day, and the use of vegetables on a daily scale is 1.6, with adolescents recording the lowest use of both fruits and vegetables. The statistic shows that the average daily consumption of both fruits and vegetables among Americans doesn't meet the recommended intake of fruits and vegetables. About 81.6% and 81.8% of American adults and adolescents respectively don't take part in physical activities on a recommended daily scale. These behaviors are among the leading factors that contribute to the rising cases of Obesity. Approximately 1 out of 3 US adults, which represents 34 % and 1 out of 6 adolescents and children, which is 16.2 %, are obese.
Obesity-related complications include stroke, heart disease, and type two diabetes. The current in death cases is as a result of the obesity-related complications. Besides the death cases, obesity-related diseases cots this country millions of money annually, making it one of the most significant burdens that this country is struggling with regards to the health care system.
Introduction
Maintaining a healthy diet is an essential factor that determines how healthy our bodies become. We must retain less sugar, salt, and fats diet daily. Cases associated with obesity are not causing deaths but also taking so much of this country's financial resources. Every year both the federal, state, and county governments invest million into the health sector as a way of improving the infrastructures required to deal with obesity-related complications. Any healthy combines a variety of foods such as cereals, legumes, proteins, fruits, and vegetables. Research shows that obesity is gradually grown into a global crisis with WHO initiating campaigns aimed at establishing the importance of maintaining a healthy diet (Abidin, 2014).
The love for foods prepared away from homes is another challenging factor in dealing with obesity complications. Fast foods contain .
Running Head Obesity, Healthy Diet and Health .docxjeanettehully
Running Head: Obesity, Healthy Diet and Health 1
Obesity, Healthy Diet and Health 19
Obesity, Healthy Diet and Health
PUH 6301 Public Health Research
Abstract
Having a good nutrition habit, healthy body weight, and physical activities are essential aspects of good health and wellness. The combination of all three factors is critical in reducing the chances of getting severe health complications such as diabetes, hypertension, high cholesterol, cancer, stroke, and heart complications. Managing a good health condition also relies on how one adhere to regular physical exercises, a well-maintained body weight, and a healthy diet. However, according to (Healthy People 2020), most Americans don't check their menu and are lazy in taking apart in physical activities to the required levels as a way of maintaining proper health.
According to CDCP (2013), fruit consumption among adults is 1.1 times in a day, and the use of vegetables on a daily scale is 1.6, with adolescents recording the lowest use of both fruits and vegetables. The statistic shows that the average daily consumption of both fruits and vegetables among Americans doesn't meet the recommended intake of fruits and vegetables. About 81.6% and 81.8% of American adults and adolescents respectively don't take part in physical activities on a recommended daily scale. These behaviors are among the leading factors that contribute to the rising cases of Obesity. Approximately 1 out of 3 US adults, which represents 34 % and 1 out of 6 adolescents and children, which is 16.2 %, are obese.
Obesity-related complications include stroke, heart disease, and type two diabetes. The current in death cases is as a result of the obesity-related complications. Besides the death cases, obesity-related diseases cots this country millions of money annually, making it one of the most significant burdens that this country is struggling with regards to the health care system.
Introduction
Maintaining a healthy diet is an essential factor that determines how healthy our bodies become. We must retain less sugar, salt, and fats diet daily. Cases associated with obesity are not causing deaths but also taking so much of this country's financial resources. Every year both the federal, state, and county governments invest million into the health sector as a way of improving the infrastructures required to deal with obesity-related complications. Any healthy combines a variety of foods such as cereals, legumes, proteins, fruits, and vegetables. Research shows that obesity is gradually grown into a global crisis with WHO initiating campaigns aimed at establishing the importance of maintaining a healthy diet (Abidin, 2014).
The love for foods prepared away from homes is another challenging factor in dealing with obesity complications. Fast foods contain ...
OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT PRACTICE AT DEBENHAMSlucascyrus
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Protein-Enriched Rye Bread for Older Adults.pptxlucascyrus
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However, various other claimants alleged that other Italian law such as the Navigation code ought to apply, as the accident happened on a ship that was flying the Italian flag, inside the Italian territorial waters.
ROLE OF MARKETING AND INTERRELATION BETWEEN MARKETING STRATEGY AND THE ORGANI...lucascyrus
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In this presentation, an overview regarding the causes, risk factors, complications and symptoms related to cellular as well as physiological changes seen in pneumonia is to be discussed.
Care coordination is an important aspect in care delivery for patients with complex needs. It is also important to address the holistic needs of such patients besides having a good understanding of the same.
National and international perspectives of health.pptxlucascyrus
The HIV epidemic affects the health of individuals as well as the households. With effective awareness campaigns and UNAIDS cautions an equal progress in reduction of HIV infections have been observed.
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Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
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We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
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1. PUBLIC HEALTH ISSUES (Case Study)
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3. Introduction
• The public health issue is problem which influences significant portion of certain
population making them develop chronic illness or infectious diseases that compromises
their health and well-being (van Straten and Lancee, 2020).
• In the UK, there are wide variety of health issues such as smoking, substance and alcohol
misuse, deprivation, poverty and others. However, the two most key health issues found
to be prevalent in UK among the adult and intricately linked in obesity and type-2
diabetes.
• Thus, in this study, the two inter-related health aspects are to be focused to inform the
factors leading to their increased prevalence among the population. Moreover, the role of
the health professionals in controlling and preventing the spread of the condition is also to
be discussed.
4. Prevalence of Type-2 Diabetes
and Obesity in adults
• In the UK, nearly 3.9 million people
are found to be living with
diagnosed diabetes
• There has been a stiff rise of
100,000 individuals affected by
diabetes in the UK since the last
year (diabetes.org.uk, 2020).
• 62% of the adults who are between
18-54 years and 48% of the adults
above the age of 55 years who are
found to be obese is also affected by
type-2 diabetes
(assets.publishing.service.gov.uk,
2014).
5. Factors contributing to the rise of type-2 diabetes and obesity in adults
in the UK
• One of the key factors
responsible in causing type-2
diabetes and obesity is lack of
physical activity or minimum
physical exercise been
executed by the adults.
6. Contd…
• It is argued by Caspard et al. (2018) that
obesity leads the muscle cells of the body
to be surrounded by fat, in turn, making
them have less ability in using insulin
from the blood and develop insulin-
resistance.
7. Contd…
• The inadequate in take of food is found
to be another factor that is contributing
to the high prevalence of type-2 diabetes
and obesity.
8. Role of health professionals in
controlling and preventing the
spread of the disease
• The role of the diabetologist is to
coordinate the diabetic educators,
ophthalmologist, podiatrist, diabetic
nurses and renal physicians in
monitoring a patient suffering from
diabetes (Nagi et al., 2019).
9. Contd…
• The diabetologist also have
the role to prescribe effective
medication to the patients to
control and prevent diabetes.
10. Contd…
• The dieticians has the role to provide
instructions regarding the diet to be
followed and provides diet chart
according to the health condition of the
people that helps in controlling and
preventing type-2 diabetes and obesity
11. Conclusion
• The above discussion informs that type-2 diabetes and obesity are key prevalent health
issues in the UK and they are inter-linked as obesity is risk factors for type-2 diabetes.
• The factors like physical activity, hindered food intake, sedentary lifestyle and other are
risk factors for both the diseases.
• The diabetologist, podiatrist, renal practitioner, physical trainer and others are key
professionals who play the role in controlling and preventing type-2 diabetes and obesity.
12. References
• assets.publishing.service.gov.uk 2014, Adult obesity and type 2 diabetes, Available at: https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/338934/Adult_obesity_and_type_2_diabetes_.pdf [Available at: 8 February 2021]
• Branco, B.H.M., Mariano, I.R., de Oliveira, L.P., Bertolini, S.M.M.G., de Oliveira, F.M., Araújo, C.G.A. and Adamo, K., 2021. Sports and Functional Training Improve a Subset of Obesity-Related Health Parameters in Adolescents: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Frontiers in
Psychology, 11, p.3885.
• Carter, S.J., Baranauskas, M.N. and Fly, A.D., 2020. Considerations for obesity, vitamin D, and physical activity amid the COVID‐19 pandemic. Obesity, 28(7), pp.1176-1177.
• Caspard, H., Jabbour, S., Hammar, N., Fenici, P., Sheehan, J.J. and Kosiborod, M., 2018. Recent trends in the prevalence of type 2 diabetes and the association with abdominal obesity lead to growing health disparities in the USA: an analysis of the NHANES surveys from 1999 to
2014. Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, 20(3), pp.667-671.
• commonslibrary.parliament.uk 2021, Obesity Statistics, Available at: https://commonslibrary.parliament.uk/research-briefings/sn03336/#:~:text=The%20Health%20Survey%20for%20England,is%20classified%20as%20'overweight'. [Available at: 8 February 2021]
• Cradock, K.A., ÓLaighin, G., Finucane, F.M., Gainforth, H.L., Quinlan, L.R. and Ginis, K.A.M., 2017. Behaviour change techniques targeting both diet and physical activity in type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and
Physical Activity, 14(1), pp.1-17.
• diabetes.org.uk 2020, Number of people with diabetes reaches 4.8 million, Available at: https://www.diabetes.org.uk/about_us/news/diabetes-prevalence-2019 [Available at: 8 February 2021]
• Gov 2019, Physical activity: applying All Our Health, Available at: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/physical-activity-applying-all-our-health/physical-activity-applying-all-our-health#:~:text=Around%201%20in%203%20(34,with%20age%20and%20life%20stage.
[Available at: 8 February 2021]
• Hall, K.D., 2018. Did the food environment cause the obesity epidemic?. Obesity, 26(1), pp.11-13.
• Ma, X., Dong, L., Shao, Q., Cheng, Y., Lv, S., Sun, Y., Shen, H., Wang, Z., Zhou, Y. and Liu, X., 2020. Triglyceride glucose index for predicting cardiovascular outcomes after percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and acute coronary
syndrome. Cardiovascular diabetology, 19(1), pp.1-14.
• Messenger, G., Masoetsa, R., Hussain, I., Devarajan, S. and Jahromi, M., 2018. Diabetic foot ulcer outcomes from a podiatry led tertiary service in Kuwait. Diabetic foot & ankle, 9(1), p.1471927.
• Nagi, D., Hambling, C. and Taylor, R., 2019. Remission of type 2 diabetes: a position statement from the Association of British Clinical Diabetologists (ABCD) and the Primary Care Diabetes Society (PCDS). British Journal of Diabetes, 19(1), pp.73-76.
• Nagi, D., Hambling, C. and Taylor, R., 2019. Remission of type 2 diabetes: a position statement from the Association of British Clinical Diabetologists (ABCD) and the Primary Care Diabetes Society (PCDS). British Journal of Diabetes, 19(1), pp.73-76.
• Sami, W., Ansari, T., Butt, N.S. and Ab Hamid, M.R., 2017. Effect of diet on type 2 diabetes mellitus: A review. International journal of health sciences, 11(2), p.65.
• Siopis, G., Colagiuri, S. and Allman-Farinelli, M., 2020. Dietitians' experiences and perspectives regarding access to and delivery of dietetic services for people with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Heliyon, 6(2), p.e03344.
• Świątoniowska, N., Sarzyńska, K., Szymańska-Chabowska, A. and Jankowska-Polańska, B., 2019. The role of education in type 2 diabetes treatment. Diabetes research and clinical practice, 151, pp.237-246.
• van Straten, A. and Lancee, J., 2020. Digital cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia: the answer to a major public health issue?. The Lancet Digital Health, 2(8), pp.e381-e382.
• Zheng, Y., Ley, S.H. and Hu, F.B., 2018. Global aetiology and epidemiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its complications. Nature Reviews Endocrinology, 14(2), p.88.
13.
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Editor's Notes
Type-2 Diabetes is referred to a long-term health condition which leads the body unable to produce insulin in normal amount leading the blood sugar levels to be unusual (Zheng et al., 2018). In the UK, nearly 3.9 million people are found to be living with diagnosed diabetes and 90% of them are considered to have type-2 diabetes. Moreover, there are additional people who are not yet diagnosed with diabetes but is suffering from the health issue leading the total prevalence of diabetes to be around 4.8 million a reported in 2019 (diabetes.org.uk, 2020). There has been a stiff rise of 100,000 individuals affected by diabetes in the UK since the last year (diabetes.org.uk, 2020). This indicates that the diabetes as a health issue is rising at an increased rate in the UK making it one of the vital conditions to be focused for health management. In another report, it is mentioned that 28% of the adult population in the UK are obese (commonslibrary.parliament.uk, 2021). In addition, 62% of the adults who are between 18-54 years and 48% of the adults above the age of 55 years who are found to be obese is also affected by type-2 diabetes (assets.publishing.service.gov.uk, 2014). This indicates that considerable number of people in the UK are obese or overweight and more than half of these people are affected by type-2 diabetes which makes obesity is the additional disease that is a key risk factor for high prevalence of the type-2 diabetes.
One of the key factors responsible in causing type-2 diabetes and obesity is lack of physical activity or minimum physical exercise been executed by the adults. This is because lack of physical activity leads the muscle cells unable to create the need of using insulin and glucose as no need of huge amount of energy is created in the body of sedentary action (Cradock et al., 2017). Moreover, the lack of physical exercise leads the body barely use the increased amount of energy taken through food, in turn, leading the energy consumed to be stored as fat in the body. It contributes to raise the body weight and makes the individuals obese (Carter et al., 2020). In the UK, it is seen that 34% men and 42% women does not perform effective physical activity. Moreover, it is reported that the population has become 20% less active since 1960s and according to current trend they will be 35% les active by 2030 (GOV, 2019). This indicates that physical inactivity is highly persistent in the UK adult population and thus it is one of the key factors contributing to the rise of obesity a well as type-2 diabetes.
It is argued by Caspard et al. (2018) that obesity leads the muscle cells of the body to be surrounded by fat, in turn, making them have less ability in using insulin from the blood and develop insulin-resistance. This insulin resistance created due to obesity contributes the individuals to gradually develop type-2 diabetes as the blood sugar level are unable to be controlled in usual manner. The Diabetes UK Society mention that obesity is one of the greatest risk factors for diabetes and contributes in nearly 80-85% cases to cause type-2 diabetes. Moreover, it is seen that being overweight or obese lead the people to be 5 times more likely to get diabetes compared to normal individuals (diabetes.org.uk, 2020). Thus, obesity and type-2 diabetes are found to inter-linked and rising at an increased rate.
The inadequate in take of food is found to be another factor that is contributing to the high prevalence of type-2 diabetes and obesity. This is because intake of unhealthy food in increased amount leads to cause elevated level of triglycerides in the body along with low amount of good cholesterol. It creates insulin-resistant fat cells to release free fatty acids to be taken by liver, in turn, contributing to the liver to develop hindrance in adequately release inulin in the blood to control blood sugar level (Ma et al., 2020). Moreover, increased intake of high amount of fatty foods leads toward deposition of fat in the body which contribute to overall rise in body weight and gradually develop obesity (Hall, 2018).
The different professional involved in caring to reduce, prevent and control prevalence of type-2 diabetes and obesity are diabetologist, dieticians, health and social care professionals, nurses and other. The role of the diabetologist is to coordinate the diabetic educators, ophthalmologist, podiatrist, diabetic nurses and renal physicians in monitoring a patient suffering from diabetes (Nagi et al., 2019). This is because prolonged type-2 diabetes leads people to develop leg ulcer, diabetic neuropathy, higher kidney and renal functions out of destruction of healthy body and nerve cells due to high amount of glucose in the blood. Thus, in this condition, coordinating the podiatrist who manages and prevent leg ulcer, ophthalmologist who controls, manages and try to prevent hindered eye functioning and renal physicians who control, and treats hindered renal functioning in people with or without diabetes is important for better health of the patients with type-2 diabetes (Messenger et al., 2018).
The diabetologist also has the role to prescribe effective medication to the patients to control and prevent diabetes. This is significant because proper dose of medication ensures keep the insulin and blood sugar level under control in diabetes patient, in turn, helping them to lead a normal; and healthy life (Nagi et al., 2019). The diabetic educators play the key role of educating the patients with type-2 diabetes about the do and don’ts in everyday life to be followed to control and prevent relapse of diabetes. Moreover, they educate the patients regarding the way to monitor their blood sugar level which is important so that immediate actions can be taken in sudden fluctuation of blood sugar level which at times may cause extensive deteriorated health condition (Świątoniowska et al., 2019).
The dieticians ha the role to provide instructions regarding the diet to be followed and provides diet chart according to the health condition of the people that helps in controlling and preventing type-2 diabetes and obesity This is because controlled diet with intake of effective amount of nutrient as needed by the body leads the body avoid deposition of fat in the body which is responsible for obesity and ensures greater control over blood sugar level by reducing increased glucose to be produced in short time (Siopis et al., 2020). The role of health and social care professionals in developing awareness through health promotion campaign regarding obesity and type-2 diabetes. This contributes in lower the prevalence along with control and prevention of the diseases as people become aware through the health promotion regarding the actions to be avoided in their everyday life and way behaviour change is to be made to avoid getting affected by obesity or type-2 diabetes (Sami et al., 2017). The physical trainer plays a key role in case of obese individuals to involve them in physical activity. They help in preventing and controlling obesity as they provide instructions to the patients regarding the way to perform physical activity as well as support them in performing the activities to avoid living sedentary lifestyle (Branco et al., 2021).