i just made it with so much dedication. i hope you will like it and comment on it. thank you. Shama Mirza

2. Presented By: Shama Mushtaq

3.  Born in Germany, June 15, 1902
 Father believed to be Danish
 Mother was Danish Jewish
Remarried when he was approx. 3 to a
German Jew physician
 He was Tall, blond haired and blue
eyed Referred to as “goy” (non
Jewish) by his friend while at school
was referred to as a Jew
 Entertained fantasies of being son of
“much better parents” who
abandoned him.

4.  Graduated form Classical Gymnasium.
Where he studies Latin, Greek, German
culture and ancient history
 In 1927, invited to Vienna to work in a
small school as an artist and tutor.
 Met Freud and his daughter Anna
Accepted in Freud’s circle not based on
degree but based on his brilliance and
insightfulness
 Met his wife in 1929
 Moved to U.S. in 1933 due to fascism
crisis.

5.  Worked with children.
 Later taught at Yale, University of
California, Berkeley, and Harvard.
Never obtained a degree himself.
 Changed name to Erikson when he
became an American citizen.
 Eight stage model was grew from his 3rd
son was born who was developmentally
handicapped.
 Died in 1994.

6.  Believed development was based
not just on sexual drives but on
social interactions.
 Biology determines when the
stages occur .
 Also that development occurred
throughout the lifespan.
 First four stages are expansions
of Freud’s theory.

7.  Three interrelated aspects of the ego
 Body ego
Understanding and acceptance of our body
Ego ideal.
Image we have of ourselves and our
personalities.
Ego identity
Image of ourselves in the social roles we play.

8.  Stages build on one another
Based on epigenetic principle.
( each stage develop on another as in
EMBRYO) .
• EPI means Upon and Genesis means
Emergence.
 Each stage consists of a crisis, it can be
resolved positively or negatively.
Positive strengthens ego
Negative weakens ego

9.  Crisis is an integral part of each stage.
 In Chinese CRISIS composed of two
characteristics, Danger and Opportunity
 Moments of decision “progress or regression”.
 He used term Virtue to describe psychological
strength in each stage.

11.  Time crucial to security vs.
insecurity for infant with mother.
 Development of strong sense of
TRUST.
 If mother is Sensitive and
Responsive to child, infant sense of
security will increase.
 Biting stage, anger and rage. Infant
learn to endure pain as compare to
hunger which can be easy to bear.

12.  VIRTUE is HOPE of this stage.
 Confidence in obtaining wishes rather than
dark sites to complete wishes As individual
grows, this hope is verifies at each stage and
lead to New Hopefulness.
 It creates ability to cop with disappointments
 3 essentials to strengthen the hope.
1. mothers relation to her Childhood.
2. mother child relation itself.
3. social institutions.

13.  Stage occur at Muscular Maturation
and ability to hold on or let it go.
 Child Walk, Climb, hold on and
communicate more effectively.
 Child start to exert control over self
and world also.
 The last stage Faith in existing is
tested here by Sudden and Stubborn
wishes to choose.
 Terrible Two, favorite word is “No”

14.  Shame stems from his 1st Upright Standing in
adults world where he feel himself small and
powerless.
 Split between back and front. Shame arise by
Caught with pent down.
 VIRTUR acquired at this stage is WILL.
 Will means to controls one’s wishes with
judgment and discrimination.
Will form the sense to accept the Laws.
Some time suffer from mixed feelings and
Transgression occur.

15.  Greater mobility, actively curious,
language development, mastery,
responsibility, imagination.
 Play is basic activity of this stage.
 Favorite word is WHY?
 Child learns to plan ahead with
purpose and direction
 Virtue is PURPOSE. Courage to peruse
valued goals uninhibited by infant
guilty and fear of punishment.
 Purpose provide aims and directions.
 Dance, dramas stems out from
fantasy.

16.  Entrance outside the family.
 Systematic Instructions, from play to sense
of Work.
 Now Satisfaction from job well done.
 Attitude and opinions of others are
important to develop sense of industry other
wise inferiority sense will develop
 Virtue is COMPETENCE, is exercise of
skillfulness and intelligence in completing
tasks.

18. o They question role models and identification
and main question is WHO AM I?
o Social limitations and pressure can have a
strong impact.
o Inability to identified or over identification
with heroes or role model results in
insecurity, empty, inactive and indecisive.
oVirtue is FIDELTY. Commitment to career
and set of value
oWe incorporate our culture's ethical values
and belief systems.

19.  Time for achieving independence from parents and
school.
 Commitments occur specially a true mutuality with some
intimate partner.
 True Virtual is LOVE.
 Early life infants love for mother, child’s love for parents
and adolescents infatuation.
 When love develops shared identity and validation of
each partner.
 In love sex comes after intimacy development.

20.  General concern for guiding and supporting next
generation. Include productivity and creativity in out
work and personal life.
 Social institutions cause function of generativity.
 Other wise people fall a pray to boredom and stagnation.
 Virtue of this stage is CARE.
 Care not only of our off springs but also of children of
our harts, minds, ideas, creations and etc.

21.  Ultimate concern known as EGO Integrity
forms. Which describe our personal lives, its
ups and downs and ultimately a justified life.
 a reaction to feeling (and seeing others) in an
increasing state of being finished and one’s self
confused, helpless.
 Virtue is Wisdom (“informed and detached
concern with life itself in the face of death
itself”)
 Feeling of completeness or wholeness

22.  individuality: a conscious sense of one own
uniqueness and existence
 Sameness and continuity: inner
sameness. A continuity between what a person
was and to be in future. Consistent and
meaningful direction.
 Wholeness and synthesis: synthesis of
self image & identification of childhood into a
meaningful whole.
 Social solidarity: sense of inner solidarity
with values of society or sub group.