More Related Content
What's hot
What's hot (20)
Similar to Psychopathology of Schizophrenia.pdf
Similar to Psychopathology of Schizophrenia.pdf (20)
Recently uploaded
Recently uploaded (20)
Psychopathology of Schizophrenia.pdf
- 1. XI. PSYCHOPATHOLOGY OF SCHIZOPHRENIA ETIOLOGY (UNKNOWN) PREDISPOSING FACTORS • AGE= 53 years old • GENDER= Male • Cesarean Section delivery PRECIPITATING FACTORS • Used Marijuana for 20 years • Scolded because of being withdrawn to others A. NEUROLOGIC Alteration in the function of neuro transmitters Increase serotonin levels Increase dopamine levels Labile Depressed mood • Trouble sleeping • Bizarre behaviors Positive or Hard Symptoms: • Hallucinations • Delusions Negative or Soft Symptoms: • Apathy • Avolition • Blunted affect B. PSYCHOSOCIAL Trust vs. Mistrust (Infant) • Planned birth • Parent is alive at birth • Sense of security Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt (Toddler) • Able to feed and dress himself • Able to guide gradually • Simple cooperativeness Initiative vs Guilt (Preschool) • Parents are supportive • Discouraged to control his environment by not wandering around the house Risperidone & Clozapine C.PSYCHOSEXUAL Oral Stage (0 -1-year-old) • Breastfed Anal Stage (1 to 3 years old) • Started the urge to defecate at 1 year and 6 months • No toilet training • Incidence of bedwetting until six years old Phallic Stage (3-6 years old) • Curiosity about his sex • Attachment with mother I
- 2. Industry vs inferiority (School-age) • Ability to cooperate • Active in class • Competence in games • Lead in taking care of siblings • Scolded because of being withdrawn to others • Punished by being naughty. Identity vs. Role Confusion (Adolescent) • Identified himself as male • Likes to have relationship to opposite sex. • Goes with peers, doing sports. Intimacy vs. Isolation (Young adulthood) • Has a girlfriend • Started to use marijuana with peers Latency Stage (6-12 years old) • Good in class • Active in discussion • Fond of playing with others • Penis size envy • Sexual curiosity develops Genital Stage (12 years old and above) • Identified himself as male • No sexual relationship • Resolution of penis envy • Courted opposite sex but was rejected due to high I II D. COGNITIVE Sensorimotor (Birth to 2 years) • He cries when left by parents • Touching and handling objects when it is out of sight Preoperational (2-7 years old) • Expresses himself with language • Able to classify his toys according to color Concrete Operations (7-11 years old) • Begins to apply logical thinking • Recognizes conservation of mass & weight • Classifies objects by several features and can place them in order Formal Operations (11 years old and onwards) • Graduated high school • Begins to apply abstract thinking • Expanded and refined reasoning
- 3. II E. DEVELOPMENTAL STAGES & TASKS Infancy and Early Childhood (Birth- 5 years old) ✓ Learned to walk ✓ Learned to talk ✓ Learned to control bodily wastes Middle Childhood (6 - 12 years old) ✓ Learned physical skills for playing games ✓ Developed school-related skills such as reading, writing, and counting ✓ Developed conscience and values X Attained independence Adolescence (13 – 17 years old) ✓ Established emotional independence from parents ✓ Achieved gender-based social role ✓ Established mature relationships with peers of both sexes Early Adulthood (18-35 years old) ✓ Choosing a partner ✓ Establishing a family ✓ Managing a home ✓ Establishing a career F. INTERPERSONAL Infancy (Birth- onset of language) • Accomplished gratification of needs • Experiences maternal tenderness Childhood (onset of language- 6 years old) • Adjust to family events • Obeys his mother • Positive self-esteem Juvenile (6 - 9 years old) • Active participation in school activities • Learns to negotiate own needs • Scolded because of being overactive in playing Preadolescence (9 - 12 years old) • Adjust to family events • Obeys his mother • Envy to other peers high Early adolescence (12 - 14 years old) • Learns to be independent • Form relationships with the opposite sex Late adolescence (14- 23 years old) • Forms long-last relationship with the opposite sex G. MORAL LEVEL I: PRECONVETIONAL (Birth – 9 years old) • Stage 1: Punishment and obedience orientation a. Obey rules/commands from his mother • Stage 2: Instrumental- relativist orientation a. Active in school to get a reward LEVEL II: CONVENTIONAL (9 - 13 years old) • Stage 3: Interpersonal concordance a. Respects authority Stage 4: Law and order orientation a. Make sure that behavior conforms to the rules LEVEL III: POST- CONVENTIONAL (13+ years old) • Stage 5: Social contract orientation a. Violated law by using illegal drugs b. Violated RA 9262 by hitting his wife. • Stage 6: Universal ethics orientation (not achieved) III
- 4. Legends: Factors Experiences by the patient that lead to the disease Drugs III H. HIERARCHY OF NEEDS PHYSIOLOGIC NEEDS (Able to meet physiologic needs such as food, water, shelter and clothing) SECURITY/SAFETY (Feels secured with family and friends) LOVE AND BELONGINGNESS (Had close friendship with peers; (Attached more to his mother; Suited some girls but rejected.) SELF-ESTEEM (Envy to other peers high and penis size) SELF-ACTUALIZATION I. OPERANT CONDITIONG REINFORCEMENT (INCREASE BEHAVIOR) PUNISHMENT (DECREASE BEHAVIOR) Positive Reinforcer BEHAVIOR (Overactive in playing) Negative Reinforcer Positive Punisher Negative Punisher • Scolded because of being withdrawn to others •