2. PSYCHOLOGY
Comes from the words “psyche” which
means soul/mind and “logos” which
means “study”
It is the scientific study of how people
behave, think, and feel.
4. HARTER’S SELF-DEVELOPMENT
CONCEPT
The development of self-concept according to Harter is as follows:
EARLY CHILDHOOD
The child describes the
“self” in terms of
concrete, observable
characteristics, such as
physical attributes,
material possessions,
behaviors, and
preferences
MIDDLE TO LATER
CHILDHOOD
The child is described
in terms of trait-like
constructs (e.g. smart,
honest, friendly, shy)
ADOLESCENCE
The emergence of
more abstract self-
definitions, such as
inner thoughts,
emotions, attitudes,
and motives
EMERGING
ADULTHOOD
The age of possibilities.
Has a vision of a
“possible self”.
5. SIGMUND FREUD
A physician considered as the Father of
the Psychoanalytic Theory (theory
which asserts that unconscious
thoughts and childhood experiences
are important in the development of
personality).
6. Levels of Personality
Conscious
Plays a relatively minor role and includes
those mental elements in awareness at any
given point in time
Preconscious/Subconscious
Contains all elements that are not conscious
but can become conscious either quite
readily or with some difficulty
Unconscious
Contains all drives, urges, or instincts that are
beyond our awareness but that nevertheless
motivate most of our words, feelings, and
actions.
7. ID
Motivated entirely by the pleasure
principle
Ego
Motivated by the reality principle
SUPEREGO
Motivated by the morality principle
Personality Structures
8.
9. REAL VS IDEAL SELF
(CARL ROGERS)
Rogers' personality theory is basically focusing
on the notion of self or self-concept.
Self-concept includes all those aspects of
one’s being and one’s experiences that are
perceived in awareness by the individual.
Experiences that are inconsistent with their self-
concept usually are either denied or distorted.
10. REAL VS IDEAL SELF
(CARL ROGERS)
REAL SELF
How we see ourselves
It’s the self that feels
most true to what and
who we really are.
It may not be perfect,
but it’s the part of us
that feels most real
IDEAL SELF
One’s view of self as
one wishes to be
Contains attributes,
usually positive, that
people aspire to
possess
11. REAL VS IDEAL SELF
(CARL ROGERS)
A wide gap between the ideal self and the self-concept indicates
incongruence and an unhealthy personality.
Psychologically healthy individuals perceive little discrepancy between
their self – concept and what they ideally would like to be.
