Psychological Therapies Psychoanalysis: Strategy is to slowly uncover experiences that are repressed in the unconscious mind. To accomplish this goal, psychoanalytic patients receive extended treatment, often four to five sessions weekly over 3 to 6 years Brief or short-term dynamic psychotherapy: Designed to help people deal with current life problems or crises. It includes a lengthy first interview in which the patient is helped to quickly unlock the unconscious mind and focus on the present problem. Interpersonal therapy : based on the notion that psychiatric problems, specifically depression, result from difficulties in dealing with other people BEHAVIORAL THERAPIES : Based on learning theory (both classical & operant conditioning.) Classical conditioning Systematic desensitization & aversive conditioning. Operant conditioning Flooding and implosion, token economy, and biofeedback

2. Psychological
Therapies
Dr Naveed

3. Psychoanalytical
therapies
 Psychoanalysis
Brief or short-term dynamic psychotherapy
 Interpersonal therapy

4. Psychoanalysis
•Strategy is to slowly uncover experiences that are
repressed in the unconscious mind.
•To accomplish this goal, psychoanalytic patients
receive extended treatment, often four to five
sessions weekly over 3 to 6 years.

5. Brief or short-term
dynamic psychotherapy
•Designed to help people deal with current
life problems or crises.
•It includes a lengthy first interview in which
the patient is helped to quickly unlock the
unconscious mind and focus on the present
problem.

6. Brief or short-term
dynamic psychotherapy
•Subsequently, the patient is confronted with his
transference reactions and use of defense
mechanisms during
12 to 40 weekly sessions

7. Interpersonal therapy
based on the notion that psychiatric problems,
specifically depression, result from difficulties in
dealing with other people

8. Interpersonal therapy
In 12 to 16 structured weekly sessions, patients gain
insight into how their interpersonal interactions and
patterns of behavior lead to self-isolation.
Positive transference (see below) with a consistently
empathic and supportive therapist is facilitated

10. Psychoanalytical

11. Behavioral

12. Other

13. Appropriate patients for
psychoanalysis and related
therapies
•Intelligent, flexible, and not psychotic.
•Able to tolerate the negative emotions, such as anger
and guilt, that can surface during this type of treatment
•Able to maintain an ongoing relationship with a
therapist
•Desire to relieve psychological symptoms &
understand of the problem

14. BEHAVIORAL
THERAPIES
•In contrast to psychoanalysis and related therapies, the
person's history and unconscious conflicts are considered
irrelevant in these therapies and thus are not examined.
•Rather, the aim of these therapies is to relieve the
person's symptoms by unlearning maladaptive behavior
and altering negative thinking patterns.

15. BEHAVIORAL
THERAPIES
•Based on learning theory (both classical &
operant conditioning.)
•Classical conditioning
•Systematic desensitization & aversive conditioning.
•Operant conditioning
•Flooding and implosion, token economy, and
biofeedback

16. Systematic
desensitization
•Used primarily in the treatment of phobias
•Theory:
 in the past, through the process of classical
conditioning, the phobic person associated
harmless stimulus with a fear-provoking
stimulus.
Making harmless stimulus frightening.

17. Systematic
desensitization
•The treatment involves exposure to increasing doses of
the fear-provoking stimulus while pairing it with a relaxing
stimulus to induce a relaxation response.

18. Aversive conditioning
Treatment of unwanted behavior
Specific behavior is paired with an aversive or
painful stimulus like an electric shock, so that the
two become associated

19. Flooding and implosion
Operant conditioning techniques used also to treat
phobias.
direct exposure (without the possibility of avoidance
or escape) to the actual (flooding) or imagined
(implosion) feared stimulus.

20. Token economy
Used to increase positive behavior in persons who
are severely disorganized (e.g., psychotic), autistic,
or intellectually disabled.
Desirable behavior (e.g., tooth brushing and hair
combing) is reinforced by a reward or positive
reinforcement.

21. Biofeedback
•Based on operant conditioning
•Patient is given ongoing physiological information,
and this information in turn acts as a reinforcer.
•The patient then uses this reinforcement in
conjunction with relaxation techniques to control
visceral changes.

22. A 60-year-old hypertensive woman has her blood pressure
measured regularly and the readings are projected to her on her
computer screen.
• She is then instructed to use a relaxing mental technique or
image to reduce her blood pressure.
• By trial and error, the patient finds imagining herself at the
beach, the screen shows that her blood pressure decreases.
Biofeedback

23. • This observed blood pressure decrease acts as positive
reinforcement, and the patient increases her relaxation
behavior.
• After a few weeks, the patient's beach image reduces her
blood pressure even when she is not looking at the computer
screen.
Biofeedback

24. Cognitive-behavioral
therapy (CBT)
•Works on the premise that emotional problems such as
depression result from errors in thinking or cognition.
•Cognitive model of depression
•Negative interpretations of the world and of oneself,
as well as negative expectations for the future.
•The learned helplessness model of depression is
closely related to this framework

25. Cognitive-behavioral
therapy (CBT)
•The goal of cognitive therapy is to correct these errors in logic,
which are also called automatic thoughts.
•Common automatic thoughts include catastrophic thinking
believing only worst can happen "I know that I will lose my job"
•overgeneralization (making an unwarranted conclusion from
one or a few experiences, such as "I can't do anything right").

26. Cognitive-behavioral
therapy (CBT)
•Cognitive therapy is used primarily to treat mild to
moderate depression and anxiety disorders and may be
useful, in conjunction with antidepressants, for patients
with major depression.

27. Operationally, the therapist and patient meet weekly, for
15 to 25 weeks.
During these sessions, the patient is helped to identify
distorted, negative, automatic thoughts about himself.
He is told to replace these negative thoughts with
positive, self-assuring thoughts.
Cognitive-behavioral
therapy (CBT)

28. Group therapy
people with a common negative life experience with
particular disorders like (anxiety or personality
disorders) get together with a therapist.
Groups of about eight people usually meet weekly
for 1 to 2 hours.

29. Family therapy
Psychopathology in one family member (identified
patient) reflects dysfunction of the entire family
system.
As many involved family members as possible meet
with a therapist.

30. Supportive
Psychotherapy
Emotionally well people who are experiencing a life
crisis or chronically mentally ill people dealing with
ordinary life situations are seen regularly by a
therapist.

31. Stress management
Stress management techniques are used to relieve
symptoms in patients with anxiety disorders and
stress-related illnesses, such as headaches,
hypertension, and irritable bowel syndrome.

32. Stress management
•Mainly include some type of relaxation training, such as
meditation, or progressive muscle relaxation.
•Time management training and exercise are other
useful stress management techniques.