Psycho-education.pptx
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OCD is a chronic neuropsychiatric illness that affects 1-3% of the population. SSRI medication is the first line of treatment, and CBT can be added or used as first line treatment. Psychoeducation involves educating patients and family members about OCD as a brain illness requiring long-term treatment. It aims to break myths about OCD not reflecting personality or character, and emphasize it as a medical condition requiring treatment. Educating family members on supporting treatment adherence rather than symptom accommodation is important for treatment success.
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This document provides an overview of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and compares treatment approaches. It defines OCD according to the DSM-5 and ICD-10 diagnostic criteria as well as the brief strategic therapy operative diagnosis. The operative diagnosis views OCD as arising from an overwhelming need to check reality through repetitive rituals and thoughts. Two treatment approaches are examined: cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and brief strategic therapy (BST). CBT uses exposure and response prevention techniques while BST employs strategic solutions to disrupt OCD patterns. The document analyzes a case study treated with BST to demonstrate its effectiveness.
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder | Psychiatric Nursing | Juhin J
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a chronic and relapsing anxiety disorder that is characterized by persistent obsessive thoughts and/or repetitive compulsive actions that impair daily functioning. The repetitive actions can be mental or physical acts, either of which is perceived by the individual as reducing anxiety. Individuals with OCD might recognize the irrationality of their anxiety-driven patterns, they feel helpless to resist the compulsive urges that serve as dysfunctional coping mechanisms to reduce anxiety. Many patients prefer to keep ritualistic compulsions such as repetitive checking of locks or repeated hand washing a secret because they are ashamed of their illogical behavior.
Definition:
Obsession: Repetitive thoughts, images and doubts which make a person absolutely senseless and irrational. Individual tries to resist but finds unable to do so because that restriction might increase the level of anxiety.
Compulsion: Repetitive actions are performed followed by obsession in order to avoid the marked distress even though the client knows that behavior is unrealistic, senseless and irrational.
Etiology/ Predisposing factors:
I. Biological Theories:
a) Neurotransmitters:
Studies have suggested that changes in brain serotonin(5-HT) function may contribute to anxiety symptoms and anxiety type behaviors. Among anxiety disorders, the most compelling evidence implicating 5-HT exists for OCD.
OCD patients were found to have higher plasma free 3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-phenylglycol and plasma norepinephrine levels. The maximum number of binding sites (Bmax) for tritiated clonidine was significantly greater in OCD patients than in normal people. There was a blunted growth hormone, cortisol and ACTH response to clonidine in OCD.
b) Genetics:
Family studies: 35% of first-degree relatives of OCD clients might suffer from this disorder.
Twin studies: Monozygotic twins are more prone to it as compared to dizygotic twins.
c) Electrophysiological Studies:
Electroencephalography: Many of the earlier reports suggested EEG abnormalities in OCD. Temporal lobe spikes and increased theta waves have been reported in sleep EEG or OCD subjects.
Evoked Potentials: Higher N60 amplitudes were found in somatosensory evoked patients in OCD. Obsessional patients are characterized by reduced amplitudes and decreased latencies of late EP component.
d) Brain Imaging:
Cranial CT and MRI scans: An increase in ventricular-brain ratio was found in cranial CT in OCD. Subsequent studies have shown similar results in caudate nuclei. Earlier reports found non-specific abnormalities on Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the brains in OCD.
Management:
IV. Psychosurgery:
There are various procedures that have been used in treatment of OCD. They are as follows;
• Prefrontal leucotomy
• Transorbital leucotomy
• Biomedical leucotomy
• Orbital leucotomy
• Rostral leucotomy
• Limbic leucotomy
• Subcaudate tractotomy
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This document provides an overview of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and its treatment using cognitive-behavioral therapy and brief strategic therapy. It begins with definitions of OCD according to the DSM-5 and ICD-10 diagnostic criteria, and then provides an operative diagnosis description of OCD according to brief strategic therapy. This involves how OCD forms as an overwhelming need to check reality through compulsive rituals and thoughts. The document goes on to describe the paradigms and treatment approaches of cognitive-behavioral therapy and brief strategic therapy for OCD. It concludes with case studies demonstrating brief strategic therapy treatment.
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Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a chronic and relapsing anxiety disorder that is characterized by persistent obsessive thoughts and/or repetitive compulsive actions that impair daily functioning. The repetitive actions can be mental or physical acts, either of which is perceived by the individual as reducing anxiety. Individuals with OCD might recognize the irrationality of their anxiety-driven patterns, they feel helpless to resist the compulsive urges that serve as dysfunctional coping mechanisms to reduce anxiety. Many patients prefer to keep ritualistic compulsions such as repetitive checking of locks or repeated hand washing a secret because they are ashamed of their illogical behavior.
Definition:
Obsession: Repetitive thoughts, images and doubts which make a person absolutely senseless and irrational. Individual tries to resist but finds unable to do so because that restriction might increase the level of anxiety.
Compulsion: Repetitive actions are performed followed by obsession in order to avoid the marked distress even though the client knows that behavior is unrealistic, senseless and irrational.
Etiology/ Predisposing factors:
I. Biological Theories:
a) Neurotransmitters:
Studies have suggested that changes in brain serotonin(5-HT) function may contribute to anxiety symptoms and anxiety type behaviors. Among anxiety disorders, the most compelling evidence implicating 5-HT exists for OCD.
OCD patients were found to have higher plasma free 3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-phenylglycol and plasma norepinephrine levels. The maximum number of binding sites (Bmax) for tritiated clonidine was significantly greater in OCD patients than in normal people. There was a blunted growth hormone, cortisol and ACTH response to clonidine in OCD.
b) Genetics:
Family studies: 35% of first-degree relatives of OCD clients might suffer from this disorder.
Twin studies: Monozygotic twins are more prone to it as compared to dizygotic twins.
c) Electrophysiological Studies:
Electroencephalography: Many of the earlier reports suggested EEG abnormalities in OCD. Temporal lobe spikes and increased theta waves have been reported in sleep EEG or OCD subjects.
Evoked Potentials: Higher N60 amplitudes were found in somatosensory evoked patients in OCD. Obsessional patients are characterized by reduced amplitudes and decreased latencies of late EP component.
d) Brain Imaging:
Cranial CT and MRI scans: An increase in ventricular-brain ratio was found in cranial CT in OCD. Subsequent studies have shown similar results in caudate nuclei. Earlier reports found non-specific abnormalities on Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the brains in OCD.
Management:
IV. Psychosurgery:
There are various procedures that have been used in treatment of OCD. They are as follows;
• Prefrontal leucotomy
• Transorbital leucotomy
• Biomedical leucotomy
• Orbital leucotomy
• Rostral leucotomy
• Limbic leucotomy
• Subcaudate tractotomy
Dialectical behavior therapy (2)
DBT is a treatment for borderline personality disorder that combines cognitive behavioral therapy with mindfulness practices. It aims to help patients regulate their emotions and improve their interpersonal relationships through weekly skills training groups, individual therapy sessions, phone coaching, and therapist consultation meetings. Key aspects of DBT include balancing acceptance of patients with strategies to induce change, validating patients' experiences, and teaching skills for mindfulness, distress tolerance, interpersonal effectiveness, and emotion regulation.
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Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is a common, chronic and long-lasting disorder in which a person has uncontrollable, reoccurring thoughts (obsessions) and behaviors (compulsions) that he or she feels the urge to repeat over and over.
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Obsessive-compulsive disorder is a mental illness characterized by unwanted and distressing thoughts (obsessions) and repetitive behaviors (compulsions) that are performed to reduce anxiety from the obsessions. Common obsessions include contamination fears, doubts, and fears of harming others. Compulsions are behaviors like cleaning, checking, or ordering that are performed in response to obsessions. OCD is treated through medication and psychotherapy like cognitive behavioral therapy which exposes patients to anxiety-provoking situations to reduce compulsions over time. The causes of OCD are genetic and involve abnormalities in brain circuits involving the frontal lobes and basal ganglia.
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HPI: K. K. a 22 yo CF referred for a psychiatric evaluation by her PCP. Karen reports a complaint of “I need help, I can’t keep a job because of these rituals I have.” She reports that she cannot maintain a job because of her rituals of checking locks. Karen has recurrent thoughts that she had left the door of her apartment and car unlocked. She reports leaving work several times daily to check the locks on both her car and apartment. Additionally, because she often had the thought that she had not locked the door to the car, it was difficult for her to leave the car or apartment until she had repeatedly checked that it was secured causing her to be late for work. She has been fired several times for tardiness and poor attendance however checking the locks decreases her anxiety about security. Karen denies any medical issues and is not currently taking any medications. She also denies the use of any alcohol, tobacco or illicit drugs. Reports a family history of depression in both maternal and paternal grandmothers. Karen recognizes that she is needs help and is eager to begin treatment.
Assessment: A healthy, well-groomed 22yo CF in no acute distress. A, A&Ox4, pleasant and appropriately dressed. Makes good eye contact however mood is depressed with a flat affect; recent and remoter memory are intact. Karen’s thoughts are circumstantial and preoccupied with obsessions and compulsions. Her insight and judgment are fair. Denies SI/HI/AVH.
Clinical Impression: Based on the diagnostic criteria in APA (2013), a diagnosis of OCD is made.
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Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is represented by a diverse group of symptoms that include intrusive thoughts, rituals, preoccupations, and compulsions (Sadock, Sadock, & Ruiz, 2014). These recurring obsessions or compulsions cause severe distress to the person. An obsession is a recurrent and intrusive thought while a compulsion is a conscious, standardized, recurrent behavior. The purpose of this paper is to explore management strategies of OCD in adult clients. As the PMHNP, I will discuss a case and recommend treatment modalities, medical management, follow-up plan and collaboration in the care of a client with OCD.
History of present illness (HPI) and Clinical Impression
HPI: K. K. a 22 yo CF referred for a psychiatric evaluation by her PCP. Karen reports a complaint of “I need help, I can’t keep a job because of these rituals I have.” She reports that she cannot maintain a job because of her rituals of checking locks. Karen has recurrent thoughts that she had left the door of her apartment and car unlocked. She reports leaving work several times daily to check the locks on both her car and apartment. Additionally, because she often had the thought that she had not locked the door to the car, it was difficult for her to leave the car or apartment until she had repeatedly checked that it was secured causing her to be late for work. She has been fired several times for tardiness and poor attendance however checking the locks decreases her anxiety about security. Karen denies any medical issues and is not currently taking any medications. She also denies the use of any alcohol, tobacco or illicit drugs. Reports a family history of depression in both maternal and paternal grandmothers. Karen recognizes that she is needs help and is eager to begin treatment.
Assessment: A healthy, well-groomed 22yo CF in no acute distress. A, A&Ox4, pleasant and appropriately dressed. Makes good eye contact however mood is depressed with a flat affect; recent and remoter memory are intact. Karen’s thoughts are circumstantial and preoccupied with obsessions and compulsions. Her insight and judgment are fair. Denies SI/HI/AVH.
Clinical Impression: Based on the diagnostic criteria in APA (2013), a diagnosis of OCD is made.
Psychopharmacology
If the patient’s symptoms cause a significant impairment in function or distress, treatment is recommended (Fenske and Petersen, 2015). Based on Karen’s report of losing several jobs because of tardiness and attendance, there is a significant impairment in social and home functionality. Karen also reports that her rituals cause her significant distress. The standard approach is to start treatment with an SSRI or clomipramine and then move to other pharmacological strategies if the SSRI is not effective (Sadock, Sadock, & Ruiz, 2014). I will initiate.
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Schizophrenia is a serious mental illness that affects how people think, feel and behave. It is most commonly diagnosed in late adolescence for males and early twenties to early thirties for females. The symptoms include delusions, disorganized speech, catatonia. The most common treatments are a combination of antipsychotic medication and psychotherapy such as cognitive-behavioral therapy. CBT focuses on teaching coping methods and problem solving to reduce relapse risk. Effective long-term treatment of schizophrenia requires a consistent lifelong treatment plan but allows individuals to live productive lives with family and work.
Relapse Recovery in Pharmacists
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Obsessive-compulsive disorder is a complex condition that requires comprehensive treatment approaches tailored to individual needs.
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Psychotherapy, presentation
Psychotherapy is a therapeutic interaction contracted between trained psychotherapists and the patient based upon verbal or nonverbal communication for treatment of emotional, behavioral, personality, and psychiatric disorders.
Best Practices for Treating Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Clinical Guidelines...
OCD affects millions of people worldwide, causing significant distress and interference in daily life. It can manifest in various forms, such as contamination fears, excessive checking, or intrusive thoughts about harm or symmetry.
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This document discusses obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) and related disorders including body dysmorphic disorder, hoarding disorder, trichotillomania, and excoriation disorder. It defines each disorder, discusses diagnostic criteria, epidemiology, etiology, course, prognosis, and management. The disorders are characterized by obsessions and/or compulsions that cause distress and impairment. Treatment involves a combination of psychotherapy such as cognitive behavioral therapy and medication like SSRIs. Differential diagnosis includes other OCD and related disorders as well as psychotic and anxiety disorders.
Obsessive compulsive disorder
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a mental health disorder where people experience uncontrollable and reoccurring thoughts (obsessions) that lead them to perform repetitive behaviors (compulsions). Common obsessions include fears of contamination or harm, while common compulsions include excessive cleaning, ordering, or checking. OCD affects people of all ages and can be treated with medication like antidepressants or psychotherapy such as cognitive behavioral therapy.
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Current concept of depression management
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Running Head: DECISION TREE 1
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Assessing and Treating Clients with Alzheimer Disease
Idalmis Espinosa
Dr. Ridley
Walden University
Assessing and Treating Clients with Alzheimer Disease
Introduction
Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative condition that is characterized by cognitive and behavioral impairment, which considerably affects social and occupational running. It is an irreversible, gradually worsening disease that affects the brain’s memory and thinking abilities. A person with Alzheimer’s will slowly start becoming forgetful until it is significantly noticeable among their family and friends. Later in the development of this disease, they will also begin to change in personality and require increasing assistance in completing simple everyday tasks. AD is a complex disease, and it is improbable that any treatment approach or intervention can successfully treat it. Approaches are currently focused on helping patients to maintain mental functions, manage behavioral symptoms, and reduce the associated symptoms. Alzheimer's disease has been associated with around 70% of all dementia cases in the world (Alzheimer Association, 2015). The most common first signs of AD include the loss of memory in the short term e.g., forgetting appointments, frequently misplacing objects, or asking repetitive questions. The patient’s comprehension and vocabulary become impoverished. Other cognitive deficits seem to involve several functions, such as language dysfunction exhibited by difficulty thinking of common words and errors in writing or speaking (Morris et al., 2014). Impaired reasoning is often witnessed, characterized by difficulty in handling tasks and poor judgment. Other signs and symptoms are seen from the visuospatial dysfunction, which is the inability to recognize common objects and faces. Spatial disorientation results in difficulty of circumnavigating objects. A large majority of Alzheimer patients show behavioral concerns during the course of the disease (Alzheimer Association, 2015). Depression, apathy, lack of or sleep disturbance may be seen at an early stage. Psychotic symptoms, physical and verbal aggression, psychomotor agitation, and inappropriate sexual conduct appears during the later stages of dementia. In the progressive stages of Alzheimer's, some patients tend to develop motor signs like urinary inconsistencies, myoclonus, gait disturbance, and tremor (Morris et al., 2014). Additionally, a seizure can also be witnessed in patients with AD.
This case study examines the examination and treatment of an elderly Iranian man displaying strange behaviors. According to his son, Mr. Akkad has lost interest in some of the things that he used to enjoy. At the same time, the client forgets things ...
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一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
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◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
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4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
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Psycho-education.pptx
- 1. Psycho-education OCD, P.E by medical model Ocd is a chronic neuro-psychitric illness, 1-3 % is the lifetime prevalence, ssri first line of treatment, cbt can be added or firstline, augumentation and combination treatment can be tried. Before we start a treatment in ocd which is a chronic illness which needs treatment for longer duration this is very important. Educating the family members and the patient helps in the success of the treatment. Discuss- -Ocd as a brain illness which needs treatment for longer duration. -talk about medical model of illness(neuro- chemical imbalance) People with ocd will have repetitive doubts, sexual obsessions, aggressive obsessions against family members and because of these obsessions they start feeling guilty and feel they have a poor character. (its not a reflection of their personality or character). Break myths and facts about ocd. Its a medical illness which requires treatment.
- 2. Psycho-education OCD, P.E by biological model First line of treatment 1. Biological symptoms. 2. Its course and outcome. 3. Strong emphasis for the need for treatment. 4. Duration and dose 5. Role of family in providing support to cure ocd; not in accomodation for the symptoms. 6. Patients family members play an essential role in treatment of ocd. 7. Regular follow-up needs to be emphasised 1. Serotonin reuptake inhibitors-SSRI Educating the patients about the possible side effects and reduce the drop rate. Ocd takes time to respond (8 to 10 weeks) 1. Cognitive behaviour technique-CBT 16 to 24 sessions, which last for 2 to 3 months is considered as adequate cognitive behaviour therapy. SSRI,Clomipramine and CBT, combination strategy.
- 3. Cbt Behaviour therapy First line of treatment ERP is an important component of treatment for OCD and is based on learning principles. Patient is exposed repeatedly to the sources of her obsessions and prevented from performing the rituals, until the obsessions lose their compelling quality. “habituation” that means even if thought comes she will not do the compulsion. According to research, cbt helps in reducing the frequent relapse risk.