Sigmund Freud developed the first comprehensive theory of personality called psychoanalytic theory. He proposed that personality is formed by unconscious drives and motivations, especially those relating to childhood experiences and the resolution of psychosexual stages. According to Freud, the mind is divided into the conscious, preconscious, and unconscious. The unconscious contains unacceptable urges that are expressed through defense mechanisms. Freud also described personality as being comprised of the id, ego, and superego, and proposed five psychosexual stages through which a child's libido develops.
The document provides an overview of Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theory of personality. It discusses that Freud proposed the first complete theory of personality, with a focus on unconscious motives and unresolved childhood conflicts shaping thoughts and behaviors. The psychoanalytic approach emphasizes the unconscious mind and defenses against unacceptable urges. Freud described the mind as having conscious, preconscious, and unconscious parts. He also developed concepts of the id, ego, and superego, and psychosexual stages from oral to genital that can result in fixations. Defense mechanisms like repression and rationalization also protect the ego from anxiety.
All about Freud's Psycho Analysis. This slide includes a student energizer. I made this when we were assign to teach this topic. Hope it can help you, thank you.
Sigmund Freud's psychodynamic theory of personality proposes that personality is composed of the id, ego, and superego. The id operates on the pleasure principle, seeking pleasure and avoiding pain, while the superego acts as our moral conscience based on internalized social standards. The ego mediates between the two, balancing realistic needs and moral demands. Freud believed unconscious drives and early childhood experiences strongly influence personality development and behavior. Later theorists like Jung emphasized archetypes from the collective unconscious and object relations theory focused on early infant relationships. While psychodynamic theories are difficult to test, modern research continues to support some of their core concepts around unconscious processes.
This document provides an overview of personality psychology. It discusses several major theories and perspectives on personality including psychoanalytic theory, humanistic theory, social cognitive theory, and trait theories. Key aspects of Freud's psychoanalytic theory are outlined such as the id, ego, superego, psychosexual stages, and defense mechanisms. Other major theorists discussed include Jung, Adler, Maslow, Rogers, and Bandura. Common personality assessments like projective tests, self-reports, and the MMPI are also summarized.
Freud's psychoanalytic theory proposes that personality is influenced by unconscious motives and conflicts from our childhood experiences. He described three parts of personality: the id operates on the pleasure principle, the ego balances id impulses with reality, and the superego acts as our moral conscience. Modern trait theories, like the widely validated Five Factor Model, describe personality in terms of five broad traits: openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism. Both psychoanalytic and trait theories aim to understand and predict human behavior.
This document summarizes key aspects of the psychoanalytic perspective on personality as proposed by Sigmund Freud. It describes Freud's theory that personality is formed by unconscious drives and conflicts between the id, ego, and superego. Freud believed people progress through psychosexual stages in early childhood and that experiences at these stages can result in fixation. The Oedipus complex and its resolution are also explained. The document briefly discusses some criticisms from neo-Freudian theorists like Jung, Horney, and Adler.
Psychoanalysis began in the late 19th century with Sigmund Freud who developed comprehensive theories about human nature, behavior, and the structure of the mind. Freud believed that talking about psychological problems and hidden memories could help treat mental disorders, known as the "talking cure." He identified concepts like the id, ego, and superego that make up different parts of the personality. Psychoanalysis uses techniques like free association, dream analysis, and interpretation to bring unconscious thoughts and desires into awareness to provide insight.
- Freud's psychoanalytic theory views personality as being divided into the id, ego, and superego. The id operates based on the pleasure principle, the ego balances the demands of the id and reality, and the superego incorporates moral standards.
- Freud also proposed psychosexual stages of development from infancy through young adulthood and the concepts of the conscious, preconscious, and unconscious.
- Sullivan's interpersonal theory emphasizes that personality develops through relationships and interactions with others. It focuses on reducing anxiety and achieving interpersonal security.
The document provides an overview of Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theory of personality. It discusses that Freud proposed the first complete theory of personality, with a focus on unconscious motives and unresolved childhood conflicts shaping thoughts and behaviors. The psychoanalytic approach emphasizes the unconscious mind and defenses against unacceptable urges. Freud described the mind as having conscious, preconscious, and unconscious parts. He also developed concepts of the id, ego, and superego, and psychosexual stages from oral to genital that can result in fixations. Defense mechanisms like repression and rationalization also protect the ego from anxiety.
All about Freud's Psycho Analysis. This slide includes a student energizer. I made this when we were assign to teach this topic. Hope it can help you, thank you.
Sigmund Freud's psychodynamic theory of personality proposes that personality is composed of the id, ego, and superego. The id operates on the pleasure principle, seeking pleasure and avoiding pain, while the superego acts as our moral conscience based on internalized social standards. The ego mediates between the two, balancing realistic needs and moral demands. Freud believed unconscious drives and early childhood experiences strongly influence personality development and behavior. Later theorists like Jung emphasized archetypes from the collective unconscious and object relations theory focused on early infant relationships. While psychodynamic theories are difficult to test, modern research continues to support some of their core concepts around unconscious processes.
This document provides an overview of personality psychology. It discusses several major theories and perspectives on personality including psychoanalytic theory, humanistic theory, social cognitive theory, and trait theories. Key aspects of Freud's psychoanalytic theory are outlined such as the id, ego, superego, psychosexual stages, and defense mechanisms. Other major theorists discussed include Jung, Adler, Maslow, Rogers, and Bandura. Common personality assessments like projective tests, self-reports, and the MMPI are also summarized.
Freud's psychoanalytic theory proposes that personality is influenced by unconscious motives and conflicts from our childhood experiences. He described three parts of personality: the id operates on the pleasure principle, the ego balances id impulses with reality, and the superego acts as our moral conscience. Modern trait theories, like the widely validated Five Factor Model, describe personality in terms of five broad traits: openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism. Both psychoanalytic and trait theories aim to understand and predict human behavior.
This document summarizes key aspects of the psychoanalytic perspective on personality as proposed by Sigmund Freud. It describes Freud's theory that personality is formed by unconscious drives and conflicts between the id, ego, and superego. Freud believed people progress through psychosexual stages in early childhood and that experiences at these stages can result in fixation. The Oedipus complex and its resolution are also explained. The document briefly discusses some criticisms from neo-Freudian theorists like Jung, Horney, and Adler.
Psychoanalysis began in the late 19th century with Sigmund Freud who developed comprehensive theories about human nature, behavior, and the structure of the mind. Freud believed that talking about psychological problems and hidden memories could help treat mental disorders, known as the "talking cure." He identified concepts like the id, ego, and superego that make up different parts of the personality. Psychoanalysis uses techniques like free association, dream analysis, and interpretation to bring unconscious thoughts and desires into awareness to provide insight.
- Freud's psychoanalytic theory views personality as being divided into the id, ego, and superego. The id operates based on the pleasure principle, the ego balances the demands of the id and reality, and the superego incorporates moral standards.
- Freud also proposed psychosexual stages of development from infancy through young adulthood and the concepts of the conscious, preconscious, and unconscious.
- Sullivan's interpersonal theory emphasizes that personality develops through relationships and interactions with others. It focuses on reducing anxiety and achieving interpersonal security.
Hum2250 the analytical life of sigmund freudProfWillAdams
Freud was an Austrian psychologist who founded psychoanalysis. He developed theories about the conscious, subconscious, and unconscious minds. Freud proposed that much of our adult behavior and personality develops from our early childhood experiences and relationships, especially with parents. He is known for discovering the Oedipus complex and developing theories of psychosexual development. Freud used psychoanalysis, involving free association and analysis of dreams, to treat patients and uncover repressed desires, memories, and motivations in the subconscious mind. His work had a major influence on Western thought and culture.
This document provides an overview of several major theories of personality. It discusses:
1) Psychoanalytic theories proposed by Sigmund Freud involving the id, ego, and superego. It also explains defense mechanisms like rationalization and repression.
2) Jung's ideas about the collective unconscious and archetypes. Adler's concept of an inferiority complex.
3) Learning theories from Skinner about behaviorism and Bandura about observational learning.
4) Humanistic theories focusing on self-actualization from Maslow and concepts of the fully functioning self from Rogers.
5) Trait theories involving the identification of traits from Allport, Cattell's 16 trait theory, and
Sigmund Freud developed psychoanalysis based on his clinical cases and believed human behavior is driven by unconscious sexual and aggressive drives. He proposed the mind has three parts - the id, ego, and superego - and that personality develops through psychosexual stages from infancy to adulthood. Freud used techniques like free association and dream analysis to uncover repressed unconscious conflicts and developed concepts of defense mechanisms and the Oedipus complex. However, Freud's theories are difficult to test scientifically and have been criticized for being male-oriented and based on a small number of upper-class clients.
Overview of major theories of personality in psychology, including:
1) Freud's Psychoanalytic theory,
2) Car Jung's, Eysencks and Cattel's trait theories (includes details on both MBTI and Big5),
3) Skinner's, Bandura's and Rotter's Behavioural and Social Cognitive theories, and
4) Maslow's and Roger's Humanistic theories
This seminar consists of an introduction to child psychology followed by psychodynamic theories and its applicatioms followed by description and types of fear and anxietry followed by various behaviour rating scales and classification of behaviour
The psychodynamic approach views abnormality as arising from unresolved unconscious conflicts from childhood. Freud proposed that personality is composed of the id, ego, and superego, which are constantly in conflict. The ego uses defense mechanisms to resolve conflicts and reduce anxiety. Abnormality can result if a person becomes fixated during one of Freud's psychosexual stages of development such as the oral, anal, phallic, or genital stages. The psychodynamic approach has explanatory power but is difficult to test scientifically.
The document discusses several theories of personality, including:
1) Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theory which views personality as being formed by the unconscious forces of the id, ego, and superego. It also describes his psychosexual stages of development.
2) Trait theories which see personality as consisting of stable traits that remain consistent over time and across situations. Allport described three types of traits.
3) Type theories like the Big Five model which categorizes personality along five dimensions: openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism.
4) Humanistic perspectives like Carl Rogers' person-centered therapy which focus on meaningful experiences and the positive
Personality develops through stages from infancy to late adulthood according to major theorists like Freud, Erikson, Jung, and Rogers. Freud proposed the id, ego, and superego develop and interact, influencing personality. Erikson described stages of psychosocial development centered around existential questions. Jung proposed introversion/extroversion personality types. Rogers believed personality forms to reach one's potential through unconditional positive regard. Major theories also include trait, humanistic, social learning, and cognitive approaches.
The document outlines Erik Erikson's psychosocial theory of development, which proposes that personality develops through 8 stages of psychosocial challenges from infancy to late adulthood. Each stage focuses on developing trust, autonomy, initiative, industry, identity, intimacy, generativity, and integrity. If the challenges of each stage are successfully negotiated, it allows for healthy development into the next stage.
This document discusses theories of personality from several perspectives. It begins by defining personality as characteristic patterns of thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that persist over time and across situations. It then outlines Freud's psychoanalytic theory, including the id, ego, superego, defense mechanisms, and stages of psychosexual development. It also discusses trait theories, behaviorist perspectives, humanistic theories like Carl Rogers' concept of self-actualization, and social-cognitive approaches like Albert Bandura's reciprocal determinism. The document examines various methods of assessing personality, including projective tests, self-report inventories, and the widely used MMPI.
Sigmund Freud developed psychoanalytic theory which emphasizes the unconscious mind. He proposed that the human psyche is composed of the id, ego, and superego. Freud also developed the psychosexual stages of development which focus on different erogenous zones as children progress through oral, anal, phallic, latency, and genital stages. His theories contributed to education by highlighting the importance of childhood experiences and the need for child-centered education.
The document provides an overview of Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theory including his concepts of the unconscious mind, the structure of the psyche consisting of the id, ego and superego, and the psychosexual stages of development from oral to genital. It also briefly outlines some of the key ideas from neo-Freudians including Alfred Adler's theory of individual psychology focusing on social influences, Erik Erikson's psychosocial stages of development across the lifespan, and Carl Jung's emphasis on the collective unconscious.
This document provides an overview of several major theories of personality. It begins by defining personality as a set of characteristics that uniquely influence cognition, motivation, and behavior. It then outlines the main types of personality theories, including trait theories, psychodynamic theories, humanistic theories, and social-cognitive theories. The document proceeds to summarize several influential theories within each approach, such as Freud's psychodynamic model, Bandura's social learning theory, Maslow's hierarchy of needs in humanism, and Skinner's behaviorism. It provides details on the key concepts and structures proposed by theorists like Jung, Eysenck, Cattell, Rogers, and Rotter.
The document provides an overview of the psychodynamic perspective in psychology. It discusses:
- Sigmund Freud as the founder of psychoanalysis and psychodynamic theory. He believed unconscious drives influenced by sex and aggression shape personality.
- Freud's structural model of personality consisting of the id, ego, and superego. The id operates on the pleasure principle, the ego mediates reality, and the superego incorporates moral standards.
- Neo-Freudian theorists like Jung, Adler, and Horney who modified Freud's theory, emphasizing social/cultural factors over instincts and presenting a more positive view of human nature. Jung added the collective unconscious. Adler believed feelings of
This document discusses several theories of personality development, including:
1. Psychoanalytic theory proposed by Sigmund Freud which views personality as being determined by unconscious drives and childhood experiences. It describes the id, ego, and superego structures of personality.
2. Behaviorist theories emphasize how environmental and situational factors shape behavior through learning.
3. Social learning theory proposes that behavior is influenced by observation of others, the environment, and internal cognitive processes in a reciprocal relationship.
This document provides an overview of several theories of personality, including:
- Psychoanalytic theory proposed by Sigmund Freud involving the id, ego, and superego.
- Carl Jung's theory of introversion and extroversion personality types.
- Albert Bandura's social cognitive theory explaining how personality develops through observation and modeling of others.
- Humanistic theories including Maslow's hierarchy of needs and Carl Rogers' concept of the fully functioning self-actualized person.
- Trait theory including Gordon Allport's lexical approach and the big five factors of openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism.
Freud developed many of the foundational ideas of psychoanalysis, including the concepts of the unconscious mind, psychosexual development, and defense mechanisms. While some of Freud's specific theories like the Oedipus complex have been rejected, the core idea of the unconscious remains influential in modern psychology. Freud's theories are difficult to scientifically test, and his interpretations of dreams or slips of the tongue cannot be proven or disproven. However, the unconscious continues to be studied today in relation to language, habits, and non-conscious influences on behavior and preferences.
Personality is defined as the unique ways that people think, feel and behave. There are several theories that try to describe personality, including trait theory, psychoanalytic theory, humanistic theory and social learning theory. Trait theory describes personality in terms of consistent patterns of behaviors, thoughts and feelings. Psychoanalytic theory proposes that early childhood experiences shape our unconscious mind and influence personality development. Humanistic theory views personality as being directed towards self-actualization. Social learning theory emphasizes how personality is learned through observing and interacting with others. Personality can be assessed using interviews, questionnaires and projective tests.
This document outlines key concepts from several perspectives on personality psychology. It discusses Freud's psychoanalytic perspective including the id, ego, superego and psychosexual stages. It also covers trait theory including Eysenck's two factor model and the Big Five. Learning theory perspectives like behaviorism and social cognitive theory are examined. The humanistic perspective focuses on free will and self-actualization. Finally, the sociocultural perspective addresses how culture influences personality and the self-concept. The document concludes by describing objective and projective personality tests.
Unlocking the Secrets to Safe Patient Handling.pdfLift Ability
Furthermore, the time constraints and workload in healthcare settings can make it challenging for caregivers to prioritise safe patient handling Australia practices, leading to shortcuts and increased risks.
Hum2250 the analytical life of sigmund freudProfWillAdams
Freud was an Austrian psychologist who founded psychoanalysis. He developed theories about the conscious, subconscious, and unconscious minds. Freud proposed that much of our adult behavior and personality develops from our early childhood experiences and relationships, especially with parents. He is known for discovering the Oedipus complex and developing theories of psychosexual development. Freud used psychoanalysis, involving free association and analysis of dreams, to treat patients and uncover repressed desires, memories, and motivations in the subconscious mind. His work had a major influence on Western thought and culture.
This document provides an overview of several major theories of personality. It discusses:
1) Psychoanalytic theories proposed by Sigmund Freud involving the id, ego, and superego. It also explains defense mechanisms like rationalization and repression.
2) Jung's ideas about the collective unconscious and archetypes. Adler's concept of an inferiority complex.
3) Learning theories from Skinner about behaviorism and Bandura about observational learning.
4) Humanistic theories focusing on self-actualization from Maslow and concepts of the fully functioning self from Rogers.
5) Trait theories involving the identification of traits from Allport, Cattell's 16 trait theory, and
Sigmund Freud developed psychoanalysis based on his clinical cases and believed human behavior is driven by unconscious sexual and aggressive drives. He proposed the mind has three parts - the id, ego, and superego - and that personality develops through psychosexual stages from infancy to adulthood. Freud used techniques like free association and dream analysis to uncover repressed unconscious conflicts and developed concepts of defense mechanisms and the Oedipus complex. However, Freud's theories are difficult to test scientifically and have been criticized for being male-oriented and based on a small number of upper-class clients.
Overview of major theories of personality in psychology, including:
1) Freud's Psychoanalytic theory,
2) Car Jung's, Eysencks and Cattel's trait theories (includes details on both MBTI and Big5),
3) Skinner's, Bandura's and Rotter's Behavioural and Social Cognitive theories, and
4) Maslow's and Roger's Humanistic theories
This seminar consists of an introduction to child psychology followed by psychodynamic theories and its applicatioms followed by description and types of fear and anxietry followed by various behaviour rating scales and classification of behaviour
The psychodynamic approach views abnormality as arising from unresolved unconscious conflicts from childhood. Freud proposed that personality is composed of the id, ego, and superego, which are constantly in conflict. The ego uses defense mechanisms to resolve conflicts and reduce anxiety. Abnormality can result if a person becomes fixated during one of Freud's psychosexual stages of development such as the oral, anal, phallic, or genital stages. The psychodynamic approach has explanatory power but is difficult to test scientifically.
The document discusses several theories of personality, including:
1) Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theory which views personality as being formed by the unconscious forces of the id, ego, and superego. It also describes his psychosexual stages of development.
2) Trait theories which see personality as consisting of stable traits that remain consistent over time and across situations. Allport described three types of traits.
3) Type theories like the Big Five model which categorizes personality along five dimensions: openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism.
4) Humanistic perspectives like Carl Rogers' person-centered therapy which focus on meaningful experiences and the positive
Personality develops through stages from infancy to late adulthood according to major theorists like Freud, Erikson, Jung, and Rogers. Freud proposed the id, ego, and superego develop and interact, influencing personality. Erikson described stages of psychosocial development centered around existential questions. Jung proposed introversion/extroversion personality types. Rogers believed personality forms to reach one's potential through unconditional positive regard. Major theories also include trait, humanistic, social learning, and cognitive approaches.
The document outlines Erik Erikson's psychosocial theory of development, which proposes that personality develops through 8 stages of psychosocial challenges from infancy to late adulthood. Each stage focuses on developing trust, autonomy, initiative, industry, identity, intimacy, generativity, and integrity. If the challenges of each stage are successfully negotiated, it allows for healthy development into the next stage.
This document discusses theories of personality from several perspectives. It begins by defining personality as characteristic patterns of thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that persist over time and across situations. It then outlines Freud's psychoanalytic theory, including the id, ego, superego, defense mechanisms, and stages of psychosexual development. It also discusses trait theories, behaviorist perspectives, humanistic theories like Carl Rogers' concept of self-actualization, and social-cognitive approaches like Albert Bandura's reciprocal determinism. The document examines various methods of assessing personality, including projective tests, self-report inventories, and the widely used MMPI.
Sigmund Freud developed psychoanalytic theory which emphasizes the unconscious mind. He proposed that the human psyche is composed of the id, ego, and superego. Freud also developed the psychosexual stages of development which focus on different erogenous zones as children progress through oral, anal, phallic, latency, and genital stages. His theories contributed to education by highlighting the importance of childhood experiences and the need for child-centered education.
The document provides an overview of Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theory including his concepts of the unconscious mind, the structure of the psyche consisting of the id, ego and superego, and the psychosexual stages of development from oral to genital. It also briefly outlines some of the key ideas from neo-Freudians including Alfred Adler's theory of individual psychology focusing on social influences, Erik Erikson's psychosocial stages of development across the lifespan, and Carl Jung's emphasis on the collective unconscious.
This document provides an overview of several major theories of personality. It begins by defining personality as a set of characteristics that uniquely influence cognition, motivation, and behavior. It then outlines the main types of personality theories, including trait theories, psychodynamic theories, humanistic theories, and social-cognitive theories. The document proceeds to summarize several influential theories within each approach, such as Freud's psychodynamic model, Bandura's social learning theory, Maslow's hierarchy of needs in humanism, and Skinner's behaviorism. It provides details on the key concepts and structures proposed by theorists like Jung, Eysenck, Cattell, Rogers, and Rotter.
The document provides an overview of the psychodynamic perspective in psychology. It discusses:
- Sigmund Freud as the founder of psychoanalysis and psychodynamic theory. He believed unconscious drives influenced by sex and aggression shape personality.
- Freud's structural model of personality consisting of the id, ego, and superego. The id operates on the pleasure principle, the ego mediates reality, and the superego incorporates moral standards.
- Neo-Freudian theorists like Jung, Adler, and Horney who modified Freud's theory, emphasizing social/cultural factors over instincts and presenting a more positive view of human nature. Jung added the collective unconscious. Adler believed feelings of
This document discusses several theories of personality development, including:
1. Psychoanalytic theory proposed by Sigmund Freud which views personality as being determined by unconscious drives and childhood experiences. It describes the id, ego, and superego structures of personality.
2. Behaviorist theories emphasize how environmental and situational factors shape behavior through learning.
3. Social learning theory proposes that behavior is influenced by observation of others, the environment, and internal cognitive processes in a reciprocal relationship.
This document provides an overview of several theories of personality, including:
- Psychoanalytic theory proposed by Sigmund Freud involving the id, ego, and superego.
- Carl Jung's theory of introversion and extroversion personality types.
- Albert Bandura's social cognitive theory explaining how personality develops through observation and modeling of others.
- Humanistic theories including Maslow's hierarchy of needs and Carl Rogers' concept of the fully functioning self-actualized person.
- Trait theory including Gordon Allport's lexical approach and the big five factors of openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism.
Freud developed many of the foundational ideas of psychoanalysis, including the concepts of the unconscious mind, psychosexual development, and defense mechanisms. While some of Freud's specific theories like the Oedipus complex have been rejected, the core idea of the unconscious remains influential in modern psychology. Freud's theories are difficult to scientifically test, and his interpretations of dreams or slips of the tongue cannot be proven or disproven. However, the unconscious continues to be studied today in relation to language, habits, and non-conscious influences on behavior and preferences.
Personality is defined as the unique ways that people think, feel and behave. There are several theories that try to describe personality, including trait theory, psychoanalytic theory, humanistic theory and social learning theory. Trait theory describes personality in terms of consistent patterns of behaviors, thoughts and feelings. Psychoanalytic theory proposes that early childhood experiences shape our unconscious mind and influence personality development. Humanistic theory views personality as being directed towards self-actualization. Social learning theory emphasizes how personality is learned through observing and interacting with others. Personality can be assessed using interviews, questionnaires and projective tests.
This document outlines key concepts from several perspectives on personality psychology. It discusses Freud's psychoanalytic perspective including the id, ego, superego and psychosexual stages. It also covers trait theory including Eysenck's two factor model and the Big Five. Learning theory perspectives like behaviorism and social cognitive theory are examined. The humanistic perspective focuses on free will and self-actualization. Finally, the sociocultural perspective addresses how culture influences personality and the self-concept. The document concludes by describing objective and projective personality tests.
Unlocking the Secrets to Safe Patient Handling.pdfLift Ability
Furthermore, the time constraints and workload in healthcare settings can make it challenging for caregivers to prioritise safe patient handling Australia practices, leading to shortcuts and increased risks.
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This webinar helps clinicians understand the unique healthcare needs of the LGBTQ+ community, primarily in relation to end-of-life care. Topics include social and cultural background and challenges, healthcare disparities, advanced care planning, and strategies for reaching the community and improving quality of care.
This particular slides consist of- what is Pneumothorax,what are it's causes and it's effect on body, risk factors, symptoms,complications, diagnosis and role of physiotherapy in it.
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Pneumothorax, also known as a collapsed lung, is a condition that occurs when air leaks into the space between the lung and chest wall. This air buildup puts pressure on the lung, preventing it from expanding fully when you breathe. A pneumothorax can cause a complete or partial collapse of the lung.
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TEST BANK FOR Health Assessment in Nursing 7th Edition by Weber Chapters 1 - ...rightmanforbloodline
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Letter to MREC - application to conduct studyAzreen Aj
Application to conduct study on research title 'Awareness and knowledge of oral cancer and precancer among dental outpatient in Klinik Pergigian Merlimau, Melaka'
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3. Attempt to describe and explain
how people are similar, how
they are different, and why
every individual is unique
Personality Theory
4. Personality Perspectives
• Psychoanalytic—importance of
unconscious processes and childhood
experiences
• Humanistic—importance of self and
fulfillment of potential
• Social cognitive—importance of beliefs
about self
• Trait—description and measurement of
personality differences
5. Sigmund Freud
(1856-1939)
• Founder of psychoanalysis
• Proposed the first complete theory
of personality
• A person’s thoughts and behaviors
emerge from tension generated by
unconscious motives and
unresolved childhood conflicts.
Learn more about Freud at:
www.freud.org.uk
www.lcweb.loc.gov/exhibits/freud
6. Psychoanalytic Approach
• Developed by Sigmund Freud
• Psychoanalysis is both an approach
to therapy and a theory of personality
• Emphasizes unconscious motivation
– the main causes of behavior lie
buried in the unconscious mind
7. Psychoanalysis as a Therapy
• A therapeutic technique that attempts
to provide insight into one’s thoughts
and actions
• Does so by exposing and interpreting
the underlying unconscious motives
and conflicts
8. Psychodynamic Perspective
• A more modern view of personality
that retains some aspects of Freudian
theory but rejects other aspects
• Retains the importance of the
unconscious mind
• Less emphasis on unresolved
childhood conflicts
10. Free Association
• Freudian technique of
exploring the
unconscious mind by
having the person relax
and say whatever comes
to mind no matter how
trivial or embarrassing
The Couch
11. Conscious Mind
• All the thoughts, feelings, and
sensations that you are aware of
at this particular moment
represent the conscious level
12. Preconscious Mind
• A region of the mind holding information
that is not conscious but is easily
retrievable into conscious awareness
• Holds thoughts and memories not in one’s
current awareness but can easily be
retrieved (childhood memories, phone
number)
13. Unconscious Mind
• A region of the mind that includes
unacceptable thoughts, wishes, feelings,
and memories
• Not aware of these thoughts, wishes, etc…
but they exert great influence over our
conscious thoughts & behavior.
• Freud felt that dreams were “The royal
road to the unconsciousness” – behind the
surface image (manifest content) lied the
true hidden meaning (latent content).
• Can also surface as “slips of the tongue” or
Freudian Slips.
19. Psychoanalytic
Divisions of the Mind
• Id—instinctual drives present at birth
– does not distinguish between reality and fantasy
– operates according to the pleasure principle
• Ego—develops out of the id in infancy
– understands reality and logic
– mediator between id and superego
• Superego
– internalization of society’s & parental moral standards
– One’s conscience; focuses on what the person “should” do
– Develops around ages 5-6.
– Partially unconscious
– Can be harshly punitive using feelings of guilt
20. Freud’s Concept of the “Id”
• The part of personality that consists
of unconscious energy from basic
aggressive and sexual drives
• Operates on the “pleasure principle” -
the id demands immediate
gratification
• Is present from birth
21. Id: The Pleasure Principle
• Pleasure principle—drive toward immediate
gratification, most fundamental human
motive
• Sources of energy
– Eros—life instinct, perpetuates life
– Thanatos—death instinct, aggression, self-
destructive actions
• Libido—sexual energy or motivation
22. Freud’s Concept of the “Ego”
• The part of personality that mediates
the demands of the id without going
against the restraints of the superego
• Follows the reality principle
23. Ego: The Reality Principle
• Reality principle—ability to postpone
gratification in accordance with demands of
reality
• Ego—rational, organized, logical, mediator
to demands of reality
• Can repress desires that cannot be met in an
acceptable manner
25. Psychoanalytic Approach
Conscious
Unconscious
Superego Preconscious
Id
Ego
Information
which can
easily be
made
conscious
Thoughts,
feelings,
urges, and other
information
that is difficult
to bring to
conscious
awareness
Information
in your
immediate
awareness
Rational,
planful,
mediating
dimension
of personality
Moralistic,
judgmental,
perfectionist
dimension of
personality
Irrational,
illogical,
impulsive
dimension of
personality
49. Psychosexual Stages
• In Freudian theory, the childhood stages of
development during which the id’s pleasure
seeking energies are focused on different parts of
the body
• The stages include: oral, anal, phallic, latency,
and genital
• A person can become “fixated” or stuck at a
stage and as an adult attempt to achieve pleasure
as in ways that are equivalent to how it was
achieved in these stages
50. Oral Stage (birth – 1 year)
• Mouth is associated with sexual pleasure
• Pleasure comes from chewing, biting,
and sucking.
• Weaning a child can lead to fixation if
not handled correctly
• Fixation can lead to oral activities
in adulthood
52. Anal Stage (1 – 3 years)
• Gratification comes from bowel and
bladders functions.
• Toilet training can lead to fixation if
not handled correctly
• Fixation can lead to anal retentive or
expulsive behaviors in adulthood
54. Phallic Stage (3 – 5 years)
• Focus of pleasure shifts to the genitals
• Sexual attraction for opposite sex parent
• Boys cope with incestuous feelings toward
their mother and rival feelings toward their
dad (Oedipus conflict). For girls it is called
the Electra Complex.
•Child identifies with and
tries to mimic the same sex
parent to learn gender
identity.
55. Oedipus Complex
• Boys feel hostility and jealousy towards their fathers
but knows their father is more powerful. This leads
to…
• Castration Anxiety results in boys who feel their
father will punish them by castrating them.
• Resolve this through Identification – imitating and
internalizing one’s father’s values, attitudes and
mannerisms.
• The fact that only the father can have sexual
relations with the mother becomes internalized in the
boy as taboo against incest in the boy’s superego.
56. Electra Complex
• Girls also have incestuous feelings for their
dad and compete with their mother.
• Penis Envy – Little girl suffer from deprivation
and loss and blames her mother for “sending
her into the world insufficiently equipped”
causing her to resent her mother
• In an attempt to take her mother’s place she
eventually indentifies with her mother
• Fixation can lead to excessive masculinity in
males and the need for attention or domination
in females
58. Latency Stage (5 – puberty)
• Sexuality is repressed due to intense
anxiety caused by Oedipus complex
• Children participate in hobbies, school, and
same-sex friendships that strengthen their
sexual identity
60. Genital Stage (puberty on)
• Incestuous sexual feelings re-emerge but
being prohibited by the superego are
redirected toward others who resemble
the person’s opposite sex parent.
• Healthy adults find pleasure in love and
work, fixated adults have their energy
tied up in earlier stages